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The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health and safety, thus requiring the exploration of effective antibacterial strategies. Herein, BiOCl nanosheets were synthesized using a polyol solvothermal method, and then Bi2S3 nanorods were in situ grown on the surface of BiOCl by doping S element with thioacetamide, forming BiOCl@Bi2S3 composites. The experimental results show that in comparison to BiOCl nanosheets, the BiOCl@Bi2S3 composite enhances the photodynamic, sonodynamic, and thermal effects under the combined action of ultrasound (US) and 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light to generate more radical oxygen species (ROS) and induces local hyperthermia. Therefore, under the conditions of photoacoustic combination for 20 min, the composite material has excellent rapid antibacterial effect of 99.7% against Staphylococcus aureus and 100.0% against Escherichia coli. Additionally, the BiOCl@Bi2S3 composite has a good biocompatibility with NIH-3T3 cells. This study will provide insights into the design of efficient and safe antibacterial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Returning straw to the field is a crucial practice for enhancing soil quality and increasing efficient use of secondary crop products. However, maize straw has a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio compared to other crops. This can result in crop nitrogen loss when the straw is returned to the field. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how different methods of straw return affect maize (Zea mays L.) farmland. In this study, a field experiment was performed with three treatments (I, no straw returned, CK; II, direct straw return, SR; and III, straw returned in deep furrows, ISR) to explore the effects of the different straw return modes on soil carbon and nitrogen content and greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicated that the SR and ISR treatments increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the topsoil (0–15 cm). Additionally, the ISR treatment boosted the contents of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and DOC in the subsurface soil (15–30 cm) compared with CK. When it comes to greenhouse gas emissions, the ISR treatment led to an increase in CO2 emissions. However, SR and ISR reduced N2O emissions, with ISR showing a more pronounced reduction. The ISR treatment significantly increased leaf and grain biomass compared to CK and SR. The correlation analyses showed that the yield was positively correlated with soil DOC, and soil greenhouse gas emission was correlated with soil NO3−-N. The ISR technology has great potential in sequestering soil organic matter, improving soil fertility, and realizing sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous production of mature blood cell lineages is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells but they are highly susceptible to damage by ionizing radiation (IR) that induces death. Thus, devising therapeutic strategies that can mitigate hematopoietic toxicity caused by IR would benefit acute radiation syndrome (ARS) victims and patients receiving radiotherapy. Herein, we describe the preparation of an injectable hydrogel formulation based on Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐alginate (RGD‐Alg) and Laponite using a simple mixing method that ensured a slow and sustained release of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) (RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12). The local administration of RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12 increased survival rates and promoted the hematopoietic recovery of mice who had received sublethal‐dose irradiation. Local intra‐bone marrow (intra‐BM) injection of RGD‐Alg/Laponite@IL‐12 hydrogel effectively stimulated IL12 receptor‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (IL‐12R‐PI3K/AKT) signaling axis, which promoted proliferation and hematopoietic growth factors secretion of BM mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. This signaling axis facilitates the repair of the hematopoietic microenvironment and plays a pivotal role in hematopoietic reconstitution. In conclusion, we describe a biomaterial‐sustained release of IL‐12 for the treatment of irradiated hematopoietic injury and provide a new therapeutic strategy for hematopoietic ARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous materials inherit short- and medium-range order from the corresponding crystal and thus preserve some of its properties while still exhibiting novel properties.sup.1,2. Due to its important applications in technology, amorphous carbon with sp.sup.2 or mixed sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 hybridization has been explored and prepared.sup.3,4, but synthesis of bulk amorphous carbon with sp.sup.3 concentration close to 100% remains a challenge. Such materials inherit the short-/medium-range order of diamond and should also inherit its superior properties.sup.5. Here, we successfully synthesized millimetre-sized samples--with volumes 10.sup.3-10.sup.4 times as large as produced in earlier studies--of transparent, nearly pure sp.sup.3 amorphous carbon by heating fullerenes at pressures close to the cage collapse boundary. The material synthesized consists of many randomly oriented clusters with diamond-like short-/medium-range order and possesses the highest hardness (101.9 [plus or minus] 2.3 GPa), elastic modulus (1,182 [plus or minus] 40 GPa) and thermal conductivity (26.0 [plus or minus] 1.3 W m.sup.-1 K.sup.-1) observed in any known amorphous material. It also exhibits optical bandgaps tunable from 1.85 eV to 2.79 eV. These discoveries contribute to our knowledge about advanced amorphous materials and the synthesis of bulk amorphous materials by high-pressure and high-temperature techniques and may enable new applications for amorphous solids. Preparing amorphous phases of carbon with mostly sp.sup.3 bonding in bulk is challenging, but macroscopic samples that are nearly pure sp.sup.3 are synthesized here by heating fullerenes at high pressure., Author(s): Yuchen Shang [sup.1] , Zhaodong Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jiajun Dong [sup.1] , Mingguang Yao [sup.1] , Zhenxing Yang [sup.1] , Quanjun Li [sup.1] , Chunguang Zhai [sup.1] , [...]

Background: Kadipiro virus (KDV) is a species of the new 12 segmented RNA virus grouped under the genus Seadornavirus within the Reoviridae family. It has previously been isolated or detected from mosquito, Odonata, and bat feces in Indonesia, China, and Denmark, respectively. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a viral strain from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected overnight using light traps in Shizong county, on July 17, 2023. Virus was isolated from the mosquito homogenate and grown using baby hamster kidney and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. Preliminary identification of the virus was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). The full-genome sequences of the strain were determined by full-length amplification of cDNAs and sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Results: We isolated a viral strain (SZ_M48) from mosquitoes (Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles) that caused cytopathogenic effects in C6/36 cells. AGE analysis indicated a genome consisting of 12 segments of double-stranded RNA that demonstrated a "6-5-1" pattern, similar to the migrating bands of KDV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-genome sequence revealed that SZ_M48 is more clustered with KDV isolates from Hubei and Shangdong in China than with Indonesian and Danish strains. The identity between SZ_M48 and SDKL1625 (Shandong, China) is slightly lower than that of QTM27331 (Hubei, China), and the identity with JKT-7075 (Indonesia) and 21164-6/M.dau/DK (Denmark) is the lowest. Conclusion: The full-genome sequence of the new KDV strain described in this study may be useful for surveillance of the evolutionary characteristics of KDVs. Moreover, these findings extend the knowledge about the genomic diversity, potential vectors, and the distribution of KDVs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo identify and investigate the susceptibility genes of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Chinese population.MethodsWhole-exome capturing and sequencing technology was used for the detection of genetic variations in 19 individuals from six families with high incidence of KBD. A total of 44 polymorphisms from 41 genes were genotyped from a total of 144 cases and 144 controls by using MassARRAY under the standard protocol from Sequenom. Association was applied on the data by using PLINK1.07.ResultsIn the sequencing stage, each sample showed approximately 70-fold coverage, thus covering more than 99% of the target regions. Among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used in the transmission disequilibrium test, 108 had a p-value of

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV; family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus) is transmitted between ruminants by Culicoides spp. biting midges. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions and primarily infects white-tailed [...]

Developing new photocatalytic materials is one of the most promising strategies to address bacterial infection during wound healing without bacterial drug resistance, but their poor photocatalytic activity ultimately limits their therapeutic efficacy. In this work, a metal–organic framework‐based S‐scheme heterostructure (Ag2S@PB) is prepared to rapidly treat open wounds caused by bacterial infection, which effectively establishes and retains spatially isolated redox centers through an S‐scheme charge‐transfer pathway. Additionally, the formation of an interface electric field and covalent FeS bridge bonding in the heterogeneous interface endows the heterojunction with a much stronger charge separation and transfer capability than bare Ag2S, which significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance and stability, consequently generating more radical oxygen species. Meanwhile, the introduction of Prussian blue greatly improves the photothermal effect of the Ag2S@PB under 808 nm near‐infrared light. Therefore, under illumination for 20 min, the Ag2S@PB shows a desirable antibacterial efficiency of 99.92% against Staphylococcus aureus and 99.86% against Escherichia coli. The in vivo wound repair experiment shows that the Ag2S@PB has good tissue repair effects and can expedite wound healing. This work will provide insights for designing highly efficient photoresponsive materials to treat bacterial wound infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]