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An advanced architecture design of nitrogen-doped TiO2 anchored on nitrogen-doped 3D graphene framework composites (denoted as N-TiO2/ N-3D GFs) have been fabricated by a facile template process and further NH3 treatment. The 3D graphene framework allows the electrolyte to penetrate into the inverse opal structure, and possesses high electronic conductivity. The close contact between the N-TiO2 and the graphene suppresses the growth and aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles during heating process, leading to decreased Li+ diffusion length. The N-doping in both TiO2 and the graphene matrix could improve the electronic conductivity on the TiO2 particle surface and between adjacent particles. As expected, when used as an anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the N-TiO2/ N-3D GFs composite delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 165 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and an outstanding rate capability of 114 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 Ag−1. With rational design, this strategy could be extended to other electrode materials that may hold great promise for the development of high energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To gain a better understanding of gene expression changes in the brain following microwave exposure in mice. This study hopes to reveal mechanisms contributing to microwave-induced learning and memory dysfunction. Methods Mice were exposed to whole body 2100 MHz microwaves with specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.45 W/kg, 1.8 W/kg, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. Differentially expressing genes in the brains were screened using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, with genes showing more significant differences further confirmed by RT-PCR. Results The gene chip results demonstrated that 41 genes (0.45 W/kg group), 29 genes (1.8 W/kg group), and 219 genes (3.6 W/kg group) were differentially expressed. GO analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, cellular component organization, etc. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in pathways related to ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling. Construction of a protein interaction network identified several important regulatory genes including synbindin (sbdn), Crystallin (CryaB), PPP1CA, Ywhaq, Psap, Psmb1, Pcbp2, etc., which play important roles in the processes of learning and memory. Conclusion Long-term, low-level microwave exposure may inhibit learning and memory by affecting protein and energy metabolic processes and signaling pathways relating to neurological functions or diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloying techniques show genuine potential to develop more effective catalysts than Pt for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the key challenge in many important electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve ORR activity by designing bimetallic nanocatalysts, which have been limited to only alloys of platinum and transition metals (TMs). The Pt-TM alloys suffer from critical durability in acid-media fuel cells. Here a new class of mesostructured Pt-Al catalysts is reported, consisting of atomic-layer-thick Pt skin and Pt3Al or Pt5Al intermetallic compound skeletons for the enhanced ORR performance. As a result of strong Pt-Al bonds that inhibit the evolution of Pt skin and produce ligand and compressive strain effects, the Pt3Al and Pt5Al mesoporous catalysts are exceptionally durable and ≈6.3- and ≈5.0-fold more active than the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst at 0.90 V, respectively. The high performance makes them promising candidates as cathode nanocatalysts in next-generation fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the emissions of diesel engine, the investigation into the effect of H2 addition on the emissions of heavy - duty diesel engines is attracting attention from researchers in recent years. The effects of H2 addition at different proportions ( the highest volume proportion of hydrogen is 7% of hydrogen air mixture in inlet pipe) on the emissions of CO, C02and HC in Cummins ISM370 diesel engine are researched. Research shows that the addition of hydrogen can benefit the reduction in the emissions of CO, C02 and THC in various loads, and has little effect on the emissions of THC. Moreover, with the increase in amount of hydrogen, the emission characteristics of CO, CO2 and THC varies with the change of load. The amount of hydrogen added should be appropriate to load operation to reduce the emission in maximum extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the friction performance differences of cashmere in different regions, the cashmere fiber friction properties were tested by winch method. According to the morphological charac-teristics of cashmere, four types of cashmere are divided, namely cashmere fiber, second-fine fiber, di-morphic fiber, hair fiber. The fiber friction performance of the four different types cashmere were test-ed. The test results show that the friction effect of cashmere produced in Liaoning is bigger, friction effect of cashmere produced in Tibet is smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the cashmere and variation cashmere in China were tested by Y151 friction coefficient systems. According to its exterior surface fiber the morphological characteristics of divided into four types, such as cashmere fiber, dimorphic fiber, second-fine fiber, hair fiber. With different types of static friction coefficient of fiber surface was conducted on the measurement, and based on the data from the analysis and comparison of the friction surface characteristics before and after the variation in processing, and its goods trade provides theoretical basis. Variation of the friction effect was more small than those of cashmere friction effect numerical variation, variation of cashmere friction effect changed worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text studied the changes in surface treatments of cashmere fiber treated by low temperature plasma, and probed into the change of breaking strength, elongation at break and dyeing performance of cashmere fiber treated by air plasma. The test result showed that, along with handling the increase in time ,the tensile strength of cashmere fiber present slow drop trend , the fiber superficial cave convex increased, the scale wearout raised. At the same time, up-dye percent promoted visibility with handling the increase in time ,which up-dye percent present drop trend appreciably when up-dye percent no longer raise while raising to certain extent. This experiment can provide a certain theory basis for industrial technical progressn in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoengineering polar oxide films have attracted great attention in energy storage due to their high energy density. However, most of them are deposited on thick and rigid substrates, which is not conducive to the integration of capacitors and applications in flexible electronics. Here, an alternative strategy using van der Waals epitaxial oxide dielectrics on ultra‐thin flexible mica substrates is developed and increased the disorder within the system through high laser flux. The introduction of defects can efficiently weaken or destroy the long‐range ferroelectric ordering, ultimately leading to the emergence of a large numbers of weak‐coupling regions. Such polarization configuration ensures fast polarization response and significantly improves energy storage characteristics. A flexible BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 (BF‐BT) capacitor exhibits a total energy density of 43.5 J cm−3 and an efficiency of 66.7% and maintains good energy storage performance over a wide temperature range (20–200 °C) and under large bending deformation (bending radii ≈ 2 mm). This study provides a feasible approach to improve the energy storage characteristics of dielectric oxide films and paves the way for their practical application in high‐energy density capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key factors governing the single-phase or multi-phase structural change behaviors during the intercalation/deintercalation of guest ions have not been well studied and understood yet. Through systematic studies of orthorhombic Fe2(MoO4)3 electrode, two distinct guest ion occupation paths, namely discrete one for Li and pseudo-continuous one for Na, as well as their relationship with single-phase and two-phase modes for Na+ and Li+, respectively during the intercalation/deintercalation process have been demonstrated. For the first time, the direct atomic-scale observation of biphasic domains (discrete occupation) in partially lithiated Fe2(MoO4)3 and the one by one Na occupation (pseudo-continuous occupation) at 8d sites in partially sodiated Fe2(MoO4)3 are obtained during the discharge processes of Li/Fe2(MoO4)3 and Na/Fe2(MoO4)3 cells respectively. Our combined experimental and theoretical studies bring the new insights for the research and development of intercalation compounds as electrode materials for secondary batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-micron sized phenolic epoxy resin waterborne particles were prepared by phase inversion emulsification. Micro-phase separation occurred during the curing process at high temperature. The as-prepared samples possessed one glass transition temperature (Tg) and two exothermal processes during DSC heating scannings. After being thermally treated above the exothermal peak temperature, they possessed two glass transition temperatures with the disappearance of exothermal peaks, whilst a core/shell structure was formed. This was likely related with the outward diffusion of reactive oligomers to the outer layer of particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key factors governing the single-phase or multi-phase structural change behaviors during the intercalation/deintercalation of guest ions have not been well studied and understood yet. Through systematic studies of orthorhombic Fe2(MoO4)3 electrode, two distinct guest ion occupation paths, namely discrete one for Li and pseudo-continuous one for Na, as well as their relationship with single-phase and two-phase modes for Na+ and Li+, respectively during the intercalation/deintercalation process have been demonstrated. For the first time, the direct atomic-scale observation of biphasic domains (discrete occupation) in partially lithiated Fe2(MoO4)3 and the one by one Na occupation (pseudo-continuous occupation) at 8d sites in partially sodiated Fe2(MoO4)3 are obtained during the discharge processes of Li/Fe2(MoO4)3 and Na/Fe2(MoO4)3 cells respectively. Our combined experimental and theoretical studies bring the new insights for the research and development of intercalation compounds as electrode materials for secondary batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proton-electron coupling effect induces rich spectrums of electronic states in correlated oxides, opening tempting opportunities for exploring novel devices with multifunctions. Here, via modest Pt-aided hydrogen spillover at room temperature, amounts of protons are introduced into SmNiO 3 -based devices. In situ structural characterizations together with first-principles calculation reveal that the local Mott transition is reversibly driven by migration and redistribution of the predoped protons. The accompanying giant resistance change results in excellent memristive behaviors under ultralow electric fields. Hierarchical tree-like memory states, an instinct displayed in bio-synapses, are further realized in the devices by spatially varying the proton concentration with electric pulses, showing great promise in artificial neural networks for solving intricate problems. Our research demonstrates the direct and effective control of proton evolution using extremely low electric field, offering an alternative pathway for modifying the functionalities of correlated oxides and constructing low-power consumption intelligent devices and neural network circuits.