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We sought to develop and validate a national blood pressure (BP) reference based on age, sex, and height for Chinese children. Data were obtained on 197 430 children aged 7 to 17 who participated in the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010. BP percentiles were estimated and fitted using the lambda, mu, and sigma method and then compared with a US reference and China existing reference. In an external independent validation sample of 59 653 children aged 7 to 18 from 7 Chinese provinces in 2013, the prevalence of elevated BP was compared applying the 3 references. BP values were similar for boys and girls at the younger ages (7-13 years) and lower height percentiles, whereas higher at the older ages (14-17 years) for boys than girls. At medial height in boys and girls aged 7 to 13, the 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of BP for the new national reference were consistent with US reference and lower than current Chinese reference. In the independent sample, elevated BP prevalence, based on the new national reference, ranged from 7.8% to 18.5% among children aged 7 to 17, which was higher than the US reference values (4.3%-14.5%) and lower than the current Chinese reference (12.9%-25.5%) in each age group. The new national BP reference for Chinese children based on age, sex, and height from large-scale and nationally representative data seems to improve the ability for identifying Chinese hypertensive children and for stratifying them with regard to cardiovascular risk.

An important goal of the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine is to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by different HEV genotypes during pregnancy, but studies directly evaluating maternal vaccination for HEV are lacking. Here we report maternal vaccination using HEV 239 vaccine in a pregnant rabbit model. Two dose of accelerated vaccination schedule (0, 7 days) induced high titers of anti‐HEV protective antibodies in a short period of time in pregnant rabbits, which could protect the pregnant rabbits from HEV infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, the immunized rabbits transfer maternal antibodies to pups through the placenta and breast milk, which protect neonates against HEV infection. Our results suggest that, besides vaccinating nonpregnant individuals, HEV 239 vaccine may also be discreetly considered for maternal vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to develop and validate a national blood pressure (BP) reference based on age, sex, and height for Chinese children. Data were obtained on 197 430 children aged 7 to 17 who participated in the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010. BP percentiles were estimated and fitted using the lambda, mu, and sigma method and then compared with a US reference and China existing reference. In an external independent validation sample of 59 653 children aged 7 to 18 from 7 Chinese provinces in 2013, the prevalence of elevated BP was compared applying the 3 references. BP values were similar for boys and girls at the younger ages (7-13 years) and lower height percentiles, whereas higher at the older ages (14-17 years) for boys than girls. At medial height in boys and girls aged 7 to 13, the 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of BP for the new national reference were consistent with US reference and lower than current Chinese reference. In the independent sample, elevated BP prevalence, based on the new national reference, ranged from 7.8% to 18.5% among children aged 7 to 17, which was higher than the US reference values (4.3%-14.5%) and lower than the current Chinese reference (12.9%-25.5%) in each age group. The new national BP reference for Chinese children based on age, sex, and height from large-scale and nationally representative data seems to improve the ability for identifying Chinese hypertensive children and for stratifying them with regard to cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association of long-term PM 2.5 exposure with blood pressure (BP) outcomes in children aged 6-18 years, and to examine the population attributable risk (PAR) of PM 2.5 exposure., Methods: A total of 53,289 participants aged 6-18 years with full record of age, sex, BP, height, and local PM 2.5 exposure from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 6 cities of China in 2013 were involved in the present study. PM 2.5 data from 18 January 2013 to 31 December 2013 were obtained from the nearest environmental monitoring station for each selected school. Two-level linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the influence of PM 2.5 on children's BP, and PAR was calculated in each sex and age group., Results: Participants had a mean age of 10.8 (standard deviation: 3.4) years at enrollment, 51.7% of them were boys. U-shaped trends along with increased PM 2.5 concentration were found for both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with the thresholds of 57.8 and 65.0 μg/m 3 , respectively. Both increased annual mean of PM 2.5 concentration and ratio of polluted days were associated with increased BP levels and high blood pressure (HBP), with effect estimates for BP ranging from 2.80 (95% CI: -0.51, 6.11) mmHg to 5.78 (95% CI: 2.32, 9.25) mmHg for SBP and from 0.77 (95% CI: -1.98, 3.52) mmHg to 2.66 (-0.35, 5.66) mmHg for DBP, and the odds ratios for HBP from 1.21 (0.43, 3.38) to 1.92 (0.65, 5.67) in the highest vs. the lowest quartiles. Overall, 1.16% of HBP in our participants could be attributed to increased annual mean of PM 2.5 concentration, while 2.82% could be attributed to increased ratio of polluted days. These proportions increased with age., Conclusions: The association between long-term PM 2.5 exposure and BP values appeared to be U-shaped in Chinese children aged 6-18 years, and increased PM 2.5 exposure was associated with higher risk of HBP.

Objective: To understand the change of nutritional status of children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from Tujia ethnic minority in Hunan Province, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control policy making of improving the population's nutritional status., Methods: A total of 4676 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from Tujia ethnic minority in Hunan Province were included(2310 in year 2010, 2366 in year 2014), sample were recruited in the 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. The nutritional status of wasting and stunting was defined by a national malnutrition screening standard(WS/T 456-2014), overweight and obesity were defined by the body mass index percentile criteria developed by Chinese Working Group on Obesity for Children(WGOC)., Results: From 2010 to 2014, the obesity prevalence of Tujia children and adolescents from Hunan increased obviously from 3.1% to 5.7%, and the prevalence of wasting also increased, from 7.8% to 10.5%. The trend analysis of stunting showed that the stunting prevalence decreased significantly from 8.4% in 2010 to 3.5% in 2014., Conclusion: The stunting issue in Tujia children and adolescents has improved a lot from 2010 to 2014. But the prevalence of stunting is still high, and there is a dual burden of malnutrition and overnutrition.