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China is rich in lithium resource, among which lithium ore in the Salt Lake has huge reserves, but the development and utilization technology has yet to be developed, and the main target of development is hard-rock lithium ore at present. Hard-rock lithium ore is mainly pegmatitic and concentrated in Xinjiang and Sichuan. The Mesozoic is the most important metallogenic period for pegmatite-type lithium deposits in China. A relatively stable tectonic environment after an orogeny is favored by the formation of pegmatite-type lithium deposits. After a decade of exploration practice and theoretical research, the types of lithium resource in China have shown a great variety. The brine-type lithium resource has expanded from surface brine to both shallow brine and deep brine, and the hard-rock lithium resources from single granitic pegmatite-type to altered granite-type, cryptoexplosion breccia tube-type and sedimentary-type. The metallogenic age has extended from the Meso-Cenozoic to the Paleozoic and other epochs. The metallogenic zones has increased from 12 to 16, and a number of new mineralized areas have been discovered in the Jiajika and Ke’eryin areas in western Sichuan and the Dahongliutan and Shaligou areas in Xinjiang . A new resource pattern of lithium is being formed. Moreover, Prospecting methods and exploration techniques have also developed from single surface prospecting and mapping to an integration of new techniques and methods, e.g., remote sensing to determine the prospective area, geological surveying to determine the type, geochemical prospecting to determine the mineral, geophysical prospecting to determine the location of drilling, drilling to determine the reserves, as well as biological prospecting, deep penetration of the deep exploration. In view of the rigid demand for lithium resources due to the rapid development of strategic emerging industries, it is suggested to strengthen a) the investigation, research, development and utilization of new types of lithium resources with lepidolite as the main industrial mineral and sedimentary-type lithium resources with Li-bearing clay as the main lithium resources; b) the research and prospecting of the Paleozoic and even Precambrian lithium deposits; c) the exploration of new lithium mineralization belts such as Altyn Tagh, Himalaya, Gangdise and western slope of Great Hinggan Mountains; d) the research on new mechanisms of dynamic management of lithium resources under market economy; e) the advanced research and resource reserve on lithium isotope as the raw material of controllable nuclear fusion, for leading the development of high-end mining industry.

This article investigates the specific manifestations of various types of cyberaddictions among Ukrainian adolescents and young adults. The Internet's increasing connectivity fosters diverse user behaviors, with potential consequences ranging from social relationship disruption and isolation to mental health disorders and physical ailments. Notably, Internet addiction frequently emerges during adolescence, hindering socialization, professional growth, and family formation. Alongside Internet addiction, the modern scientific community recognizes cyber addictions and the growing prevalence of smartphone addiction (phubbing). These addictions share a compulsive urge to remain constantly online and an inability to disengage. To examine modern cyber addictions, the study employed the "Smartphone Addiction Scale" (SAS) and the "Cyber Addiction Test-Questionnaire" (TQC), involving 316 participants aged 15-21. Results revealed distinct manifestations of cyber-addictions across gender groups, reflecting varying goals and preferences in Internet and technology use. The timely implementation of psycho-prophylactic and psycho-corrective interventions is emphasized to address cyber dependencies and prevent the development of destructive tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the control variable method and variance analysis method were used to explore the limiting factors of overwintering survival of potted climbing roses in North China, to provide technical methods for potted climbing vegetation overwintering on mine slope. A kind of climbing rose was selected, and four treatments were carried out with low temperature and drought as variables. The limiting factors affecting overwintering were obtained by comparing the survival and development of the next year. The results showed that; 1)Drought was the key factor limiting the overwintering survival of potted climbing rose; 2) The low temperature of North China s winter does not affect the survival of potted roses, but it has a certain impact on the growth of returning green; 3) There was no significant difference in the growth vigour between the two groups after a period of development. Finally, it was concluded that the potted climbing roses in North China should be watered in winter, without the necessity of heat preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring an economic and efficient method for simultaneous passivation of As and Cd in soils is of great current significance. In this study, a low-cost composite material, Fe2O3-vermiculite (Fe-V), for effectively passivating As/Cd was synthesized successfully based on hydrophobic aggregation method. The reaction products were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR, results showed that Fe2O3 was successfully loaded onto the surface of vermiculite by the connection with sodium stearate and employed this composite material to passivate the co-contaminated soil with As/Cd. All the percentage of toxicity reduction (Pd value) was higher than the control group, which indicated the passivation was effective. In soil A (As 45 mg/kg and Cd 6 mg/kg), the Pd of As were higher than 90%, the Pd of Cd were 80–100%. And in soil B (As 80 mg/kg and Cd 10 mg/kg), the Pd of As were more than 84.68%, the Pds of Cd were about 99%. In the meantime, the application of Fe-V could apparently increase the residual fraction of As and Cd in soil A and soil B. Moreover, the passivation of As and Cd in soils by Fe-V composite materials was a combined physical and chemical action system. This research shows that Fe-V could play a good role in the passivation of As/Cd in different pollution levels of soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons (MN). CREB pathway‐mediated inhibition of apoptosis contributes to neuron protection, and PAK4 activates CREB signalling in diverse cell types. This study aimed to investigate PAK4's effect and mechanism of action in ALS. Methods: We analysed RNA levels by qRT‐PCR, protein levels by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Cell transfection was performed for in vitro experiment. Mice were injected intraspinally to evaluate PAK4 function in vivo experiment. Rotarod test was performed to measure motor function. Results: The expression and activation of PAK4 significantly decreased in the cell and mouse models of ALS as the disease progressed, which was caused by the negative regulation of miR‐9‐5p. Silencing of PAK4 increased the apoptosis of MN by inhibiting CREB‐mediated neuroprotection, whereas overexpression of PAK4 protected MN from hSOD1G93A‐induced degeneration by activating CREB signalling. The neuroprotective effect of PAK4 was markedly inhibited by CREB inhibitor. In ALS models, the PAK4/CREB pathway was inhibited, and cell apoptosis increased. In vivo experiments revealed that PAK4 overexpression in the spinal neurons of hSOD1G93A mice suppressed MN degeneration, prolonged survival and promoted the CREB pathway. Conclusions: PAK4 protects MN from degeneration by activating the anti‐apoptotic effects of CREB signalling, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

8 kinds of plants commonly used in ecological restoration in China Northern were selected to study the changes of plant height and coverage under natural drought. Loliumperenne L. had the fastest growth and development in early period, and dominated the coverage; Poaannua L. was clearly dominant in coverage after repeated droughts; the Magnolia multiflora plant height was significantly affected by drought, but the coverage continued to increase steadily; Cosmos bipinnata Cav was obviously restricted in plant height, but it developed to flowering and reproduction; the tree Robiniapseudoacacia Linn, and Ailanthus altissima survived and grew slowly and stably; Poaannua L. and Centaureacyanus 'blue' cannot survive in cyclic drought conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormally protein aggregation and deposition are key pathological features of ALS, which may related with dysfunctional cellular autophagy. In the current study, we found that, compared with wtSOD1 cells, serum starvation treatment resulted in significant higher percentage of apoptosis in mutSOD1 cells; Lithium treatment exerted protection for those mutSOD1 cells, with decreased GFP-tagged mutant SOD1 protein aggregates deposition; Whereas, pre-treatment with Baf or 3-MA (autophagy inhibitors) blocked protection of lithium for mutant SOD1 cells, and induced increased GFP-tagged mutant SOD1 protein aggregation. Further, Western blots results showed that lithium treatment led to decrease of mutant hSOD1 protein levels in both Triton X-100 soluble and Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of mutSOD1 cells. Besides, improper binding of mutant SOD1 proteins' aggregates with p-CREB (Ser133) (transcription factor) in mutSOD1 cells were demonstrated; whereas lithium treatment attenuated this fault interaction. In conclusion, our results showed that, in mutSOD1 cells, mutSOD1 protein aggregates were related with abnormal autophagic regulation. Lithium treatment could induce autophagy and enhance clearance of protein aggregates, further exerting protection on mutSOD1 cells. More importantly, we uncovered another distinct pathological role of mutSOD1 protein aggregates, that is abnormal binding with p-CREB (Ser133), an important transcription factor, which may play crucial role in the PI3K-Akt-CREB-AEG-1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quaternary ammonium clay inhibitor was prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction of β-cyclodextrin (β -CD) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride(CHPTAC), FTIR and ¹H NMR results indicated that CUPTAC was grated on the structure of β-CD successfully. The cement paste fluidity test results show that when the mass dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC) and clay inhibitor were 0.15% and 0.015% of cement mass respectively, the fluidity was 257 mm at 30 min, which is 5% higher than that with only polycarboxylate superplasticizer. When 1% bentonite to replace, the fluidity was 181mm at 30 min, which is 13% higher than that with only polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The as-prepared quaternary ammonium clay inhibitor could effectively reduces the sensitivity of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer to clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical reliability of metallic components is vital for the stable operation of electrical equipment, especially for those used in ultra-high voltage transmission and electromagnetic launching, where metallic materials inevitably suffer from high-density current and strong magnetic field. However, little has been known about the mechanical behavior of metals under the electric-magnetic coupling stimuli. Here, by performing quantitative electromechanical tests under the built-in magnetic field inside transmission electron microscope, we found that copper, one of most commonly used conductive metals, can be significantly softened by the coupled electrical-magnetic stimuli, manifested as notable yield strength drop by five-times and obvious creep deformation at room temperature. A plausible mechanism behind the unusual softening, local-Lorentz-force-assisted dislocations depinning, has been proposed. Our results shed new light on understanding the deformation-induced failure of metals served in electromagnetic environments, and also inspire a new mechanical processing way for reshaping metals at much lower loads and temperatures. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]