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Additional file 1.

Additional file 2: Table 1. Search strategies. Table 2. Basic information of included studies. Table 3. Results of network meta-analysis among neural stem cells with different transplantation doses in rats. Table 4. Results of network meta-analysis among neural stem cells with different transplantation doses in mice. Table 5. Ranking results between different doses of neural stem cells transplantation in rats. Table 6. Ranking results between different doses of neural stem cells transplantation in mice. Figure 1. Traditional meta-analysis results of cerebral infarction volume. Figure 2. Traditional meta-analysis results of the first week of mNSS. Figure 3. Traditional meta-analysis results of the fourth week of mNSS.

Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions. However, there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neural stem cells and progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells, adipose stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, macrophages and Schwann cells have been studied as potential treatments for spinal cord injury. These treatments were mainly performed in animals. However, subtle changes in sensory function, nerve root movement and pain cannot be fully investigated with animal studies. Although these cell types have shown excellent safety and effectiveness in various animal models, sufficient evidence of efficacy for clinical translation is still lacking. Cell transplantation should be combined with tissue engineering scaffolds, local drug delivery systems, postoperative adjuvant therapy and physical rehabilitation training as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to provide the possibility for patients with SCI to return to normal life. This review summarizes and analyzes the clinical trials of cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury, with the aim of providing a rational foundation for the development of clinical treatments for spinal cord injury.