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2. A Procedure for Eliciting Women’s Preferences for Breast Cancer Screening Frequency

Author

Grayek, Emily, Yang, Yanran, Fischhoff, Baruch, Schifferdecker, Karen E, Woloshin, Steven, Kerlikowske, Karla, Miglioretti, Diana L, and Tosteson, Anna NA

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Biomedical Imaging, Breast Cancer, Cancer, Clinical Research, Health Services, Prevention, Aging, Women's Health, Breast Neoplasms, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, Humans, Mammography, Mass Screening, Risk Factors, breast cancer screening, clinical guidelines, mammography, preference elicitation, risk communication, survey methodology, Public Health and Health Services, Applied Economics, Health Policy & Services, Applied economics, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundWe evaluate the construct validity of a proposed procedure for eliciting lay preferences among health care policy options, suited for structured surveys. It is illustrated with breast cancer screening, a domain in which people may have heterogeneous preferences.MethodsOur procedure applies behavioral decision research principles to eliciting preferences among policy options expressed in quantitative terms. Three-hundred women older than 18 y without a history of breast cancer were recruited through Amazon MTurk. Participants evaluated 4 screening options for each of 4 groups of women, with varying risk of breast cancer. Each option was characterized by estimates of 3 primary outcomes: breast cancer deaths, false alarms, and overdiagnosis resulting in unnecessary treatment of cancers that would not progress. These estimates were based on those currently being developed by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. For each risk group, participants stated how frequently they would wish to receive screening, if the predicted outcomes applied to them.ResultsA preregistered test found that preferences were robust enough to be unaffected by the order of introducing and displaying the outcomes. Other tests of construct validity also suggested that respondents generally understood the task and expressed consistent preferences. Those preferences were related to participants' age and mammography history but not to measures of their numeracy, subjective numeracy, or demographics. There was considerable heterogeneity in their preferences.ConclusionsMembers of the public can be engaged more fully in informing future screening guidelines if they evaluate the screening options characterized by the expected health outcomes expressed in quantitative terms. We offer and evaluate such a procedure, in terms of its construct validity with a diverse sample of women.HighlightsA novel survey method for eliciting lay preferences for breast cancer screening is proposed and evaluated in terms of its construct validity.Participants were generally insensitive to irrelevant task features (e.g., order of presentation) and sensitive to relevant ones (e.g., quantitative estimates of breast cancer risk, harms from screening).The proposed method elicits lay preferences in terms that can inform future screening guidelines, potentially improving communication between the public and policy makers.

Published
2022

8. Development and Application of a TaqMan RT-qPCR for the Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs.

Author

Dong, Changying, Xiao, Xingyu, Wang, Meiqi, Sun, Yajuan, Jin, Hui, Zhang, Yongzhe, Zhao, Hongri, Cao, Qianyue, Yang, Yanran, and Yin, Rui

Subjects
SWINE diseases, VIRUS diseases, COMMUNICABLE diseases, MATHEMATICAL optimization, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, FOOT & mouth disease
Abstract

Simple Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), is a prevalent infectious disease in swine. Timely detection and isolation of pigs infected with this virus are among the most effective strategies to prevent the disease's spread and mitigate potential economic damage. We have established a set of RT-qPCR detection methods for FMDV, which offer significant advantages. Notably, this detection method can effectively identify foot-and-mouth disease virus even in the presence of both exogenous and endogenous interfering substances. Furthermore, it exhibits high sensitivity, strong specificity, and good repeatability, enabling 100% detection of FMDV. The global livestock industry is facing a serious threat from a widespread foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) epidemic. The timely detection of FMDV can significantly mitigate its harmful effects. This study aimed to establish and evaluate a TaqMan fluorescence quantitative PCR assay to assess its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability. The standard curve equation range is 6.43 × 109–6.43 × 101 copies/µL, with an R2 value of 0.996 and a standard curve equation of y = −3.586x + 36.245. The method successfully detected 64.3 copies/µL of the target gene for FMDV and exhibited high specificity for FMDV. Repeatability tests demonstrated low coefficients of variation within and between groups (<2%), indicating good reproducibility. The clinical samples analyzed using this method showed results consistent with those of the SYBR Green I RT-qPCR assay, confirming the reliability of the method. Overall, the developed test method displayed high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability, making it suitable for the rapid diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. The impacts of political ideology and COVID-19 vaccine views on COVID-19 risk estimates and decisions making

Author

Yang, Yanran and Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle

Subjects
Risk, self-affirmation, Political ideology, COVID-19, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Decision making
Abstract

As seen in the controversies over COVID-19, individuals interpret scientific information and make decisions in the context of their existing beliefs. This study will examine the role of those beliefs more explicitly. This study will also examine an intervention designed to attenuate the effects of political ideology and COVID-19 vaccine views, making hesitant participants more open to COVID-19 risk information and prevention behaviors. The intervention gives participants an opportunity to elaborate on their past acts of kindness as a form self-affirmation, before considering COVID-19 issues. We will compare two groups, one with and one without such priming. We will examine its effect on participants’ risk estimates and decision making for a realistic yet still hypothetical scenario, advising family members about a COVID-19-related decision: whether to send their child to school, given COVID-19 risks. We will also ask them about their experience of giving or receiving advice related to schooling/working options and vaccination decisions. We will also ask them about their demographics and their children’s schooling situation if they have children under 18 years old living with them.

Published
2022
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17. Communicating influenza forecasts using different displays for temporal and intensity information

Author

Yang, Yanran

Subjects
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Decision making, Influenza, Visualization
Abstract

Seasonal flu causes illness and death in the United States and globally. Since 2013, CDC has held a flu forecasting competition called FluSight. Over 20 teams have made flu forecasts each week. We are helping CDC to find the best way to present these forecasts, so that they are useful to as many people as possible. In this study, we will test four types of displays when used in four different scenarios. We ask research participants to make decisions involving each of the forecasts, based on information presented.

Published
2022
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18. Visual display for communicating COVID-19 forecasts

Author

Yang, Yanran

Subjects
risk communication, COVID-19, Social and Behavioral Sciences, decision making, visualization
Abstract

Our previous study (https://osf.io/u9g84) showed that when communicating probabilistic influenza forecasts, a bar chart performs best in term of participants’ comprehension and perceived helpfulness, compared to a tree map, PDF, or 90% confidence interval. There was no difference between these four displays in participants’ confidence in decisions informed by the forecasts. We partially replicate this experiment with a larger nationally representative sample, in collaboration with Stanford’s Coastal Region study. The new study adapts two of the four influenza-related decisions to analogous COVID-19 decision scenarios, (a) whether to go on a trip to visit grandparents and (b) whether to send a child back to school. It uses the most successful display, the bar chart, to visualize the probabilistic COVID forecasts for new cases. Results will show the replicability and generalizability of the initial study of influenza forecast displays. The previous study found that comprehension was poorer for some participants for whom one might expect it to be superior: those who report being more familiar with a display, those with more education, and those with medical backgrounds. These participants also completed the task more quickly. We will study how fluency and exposure are associated with the dependent measurements of comprehension, confidence, decision, and perceived helpfulness. With the manipulation of exposure frequency, we will examine its causal relationship with dependent measurements as well.

Published
2022
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19. Communicating multipole COVID-19 forecasts

Author

Yang, Yanran and Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle

Subjects
risk communication, aggregation, COVID-19, Social and Behavioral Sciences, decision making, visualization
Abstract

This project addresses the question of how best to communicate the suite of COVID-19 forecasts made available by CDC, preserving the richness of the uncertainty captured individual forecasts as well as the variability among them – without overwhelming potential users. Its methodology follows the design, pretest, and evaluation strategy of our previous studies (https://osf.io/u9g84). Its central question is how to deploy CDC’s Ensemble forecasts, combining the individual ones. Research participants are randomly assigned to one of three conditions, in which they make judgments and decisions regarding, (a) individual forecasts, followed by the corresponding ensemble forecast; (b) the ensemble forecast, followed by the individual forecasts that it summarizes; and (c) the individual and ensemble forecasts presented at the same time. Our performance measures include comprehension, decision making, confidence, and perceived helpfulness. In addition to its empirical results, the study will offer tested methods for communicating forecast uncertainty and aggregation (ensemble). All participants will consider the same realistic, but hypothetical decision: advising friends about sending their child to school based on CDC-like COVID-19 forecasts.

Published
2022
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22. Notoginsenoside R1 Promotes Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of hPDLSCs via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Author

Han,Ruiqi, Zhang,Wenjuan, Zhang,Lina, Zou,Jinghua, Yang,Yanran, Li,Hongkun, Zhang,Jun, Han,Ruiqi, Zhang,Wenjuan, Zhang,Lina, Zou,Jinghua, Yang,Yanran, Li,Hongkun, and Zhang,Jun

Abstract

Ruiqi Han,1 Wenjuan Zhang,2 Lina Zhang,3 Jinghua Zou,1 Yanran Yang,1 Hongkun Li,1 Jun Zhang1 1Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Tel +86 13953109816, Email zhangj@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate the roles of Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and explore its possible mechanism.Methods: hPDLSCs were isolated and, then characterized by flow cytometry. Cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony assays were used to validate the effect of different NG-R1 concentrations on hPDLSCs proliferation and the optimal concentration was determined. Quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at optimal concentration and the mineralization of the cells was investigated by Alizarin Red S staining. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to examine the factors expression levels of ALP, Runx Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), Collagen I (Col-1) and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1; β-catenin). In addition, the tankyrase inhibitor XAV-939 was used to explore NG-R1’s role in canonical Wnt signaling.Re

Published
2022

23. Effect of Puerarin on Osteogenic Differentiation in vitro and on New Bone Formation in vivo

Author

Yang,Yanran, Chen,Daiyun, Li,Yilin, Zou,Jinghua, Han,Ruiqi, Li,Hongkun, Zhang,Jun, Yang,Yanran, Chen,Daiyun, Li,Yilin, Zou,Jinghua, Han,Ruiqi, Li,Hongkun, and Zhang,Jun

Abstract

Yanran Yang,1 Daiyun Chen,2 Yilin Li,1 Jinghua Zou,1 Ruiqi Han,1 Hongkun Li,1 Jun Zhang1 1Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13953109816, Fax +86 53188382923, Email zhangj@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: Puerarin (C21H20O10) is a phytoestrogen that possesses various pharmacological effect, and several researches have revealed the relationship between puerarin and bone metabolism. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential influence of puerarin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as well as on new bone formation following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) model in rats.Methods: Rat BMSCs were adopted, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay in vitro experiments. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining were analyzed quantitatively to show extracellular matrix mineralization. The mRNA and protein expression levels were used to detect osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo bone regeneration was analyzed in a rat RME model. Eighteen 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 without any treatment, group 2 received RME and saline solution (15mg/kg), group 3 received RME and puerarin

Published
2022

24. Sinomenine Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs

Author

Li,Hongkun, Li,Yilin, Zou,Jinghua, Yang,Yanran, Han,Ruiqi, Zhang,Jun, Li,Hongkun, Li,Yilin, Zou,Jinghua, Yang,Yanran, Han,Ruiqi, and Zhang,Jun

Abstract

Hongkun Li, Yilin Li, Jinghua Zou, Yanran Yang, Ruiqi Han, Jun Zhang Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 5310 9816, Email zhangj@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate the effects of sinomenine on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, as well as the effect of sinomenine on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).Methods: Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 20 mg/kg sinomenine group and 40 mg/kg sinomenine group. Fifty-gram orthodontic force was applied to all groups. Each group was injected intraperitoneally with corresponding concentration of sinomenine every day. After 14 days, all rats were sacrificed. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan was used to analyze tooth movement, root resorption and alveolar bone changes. The effect on periodontal tissue was analyzed by Masson, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, PDLSCs were extracted and identified. The effect of sinomenine on proliferation was determined by cell-counting kit-8. The effect of sinomenine on osteogenesis was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to explore the effects of sinomenine on the expression l

Published
2022

25. Noncanonical Wnt5a Signaling Suppresses Hippo/TAZ-Mediated Osteogenesis Partly Through the Canonical Wnt Pathway in SCAPs

Author

Fu,Yajing, Ma,Dan, Fan,Fengyan, Sun,Tongke, Han,Ruiqi, Yang,Yanran, Zhang,Jun, Fu,Yajing, Ma,Dan, Fan,Fengyan, Sun,Tongke, Han,Ruiqi, Yang,Yanran, and Zhang,Jun

Abstract

Yajing Fu,1 Dan Ma,2 Fengyan Fan,3 Tongke Sun,1 Ruiqi Han,1 Yanran Yang,1 Jun Zhang1 1Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orthodontics, Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 5310 9816, Email zhangj@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are promising seed cells for tissue regeneration medicine and possess the osteogenic differentiation potential. Wnt5a, a typical ligand of the noncanonical Wnt pathway, exhibits diverse roles in the regulation of osteogenesis. The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, WWTR1) is a core regulator in the Hippo pathway and regulates stem behavior including osteogenic differentiation. This study aims to examine how Wnt5a regulates SCAPs osteogenesis and explore the precise mechanistic relationship between Wnt5a and TAZ.Methods: SCAPs were isolated from developing apical papilla tissue of extracted human immature third molars in vitro. ALP staining, ALP activity and Alizarin red staining were used to evaluate osteogenic capacity. Osteogenic-related factors were assessed by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. Additionally, the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan

Published
2022

27. sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211073320 ��� Supplemental material for A Procedure for Eliciting Women���s Preferences for Breast Cancer Screening Frequency

Author

Grayek, Emily, Yang, Yanran, Fischhoff, Baruch, Schifferdecker, Karen E., Woloshin, Steven, Kerlikowske, Karla, Miglioretti, Diana L., and Tosteson, Anna N. A.

Subjects
111708 Health and Community Services, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods, FOS: Health sciences, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211073320 for A Procedure for Eliciting Women���s Preferences for Breast Cancer Screening Frequency by Emily Grayek, Yanran Yang, Baruch Fischhoff, Karen E. Schifferdecker, Steven Woloshin, Karla Kerlikowske, Diana L. Miglioretti and Anna N. A. Tosteson in Medical Decision Making

Published
2022
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37. Comprehensive untargeted lipidomics study of black morel (Morchella sextelata) at different growth stages.

Author

Xie, Guangbo, Chen, Maoyuan, Yang, Yanran, Xie, Yu, Deng, Kejun, and Xie, Liyuan

Subjects
*LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, *FREE fatty acids, *LIPIDOMICS, *GLYCEROLIPIDS, *FRUITING bodies (Fungi), *FATTY acid analysis
Abstract

[Display omitted] • 203 lipids were identified in the mature fruiting body of Morchella sextelata. • Linoleic acid or linoleoyl was the main component of the major lipid subclasses. • Lipid profiles of different growth stages of morel were significantly different. • A total of 12 and 29 differential lipid molecules were screed out respectively. • GP metabolism showed a high correlation with lipid changes during the growth. The black morel (Morchella sextelata) is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom appreciated worldwide. Here, lipidomic profiles and lipid dynamic changes during the growth of M. sexletata were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 203 lipid molecules, including four categories and fourteen subclasses, were identified in mature fruiting bodies, with triacylglycerol being the most abundant (37.00 %). Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid among the free fatty acids, glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids. The relative concentration of lipids in M. sextelata changed significantly during its growth, from which 12 and 29 differential lipid molecules were screened out, respectively. Pathway analysis based on these differential lipids showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the major pathway involved in the growth of M. sextelata. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the lipids in M. sextelata and will facilitate the development and utilization of M. sextelata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. A citric acid-assisted deposition strategy to synthesize mesoporous SiO 2 -confined highly dispersed LaMnO 3 perovskite nanoparticles for n -butylamine catalytic oxidation.

Author

Chen H, Yang Y, Liu Q, Cui M, Chen X, Fei Z, Tao Z, Wang M, and Qiao X

Abstract

Catalytic oxidation can efficiently eliminate nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) and suppress the generation of toxic NO x in order to avoid secondary pollution. In this study, mesoporous SiO 2 -confined LaMnO 3 perovskite nanoparticles with high dispersion were successfully prepared by a citric acid-assisted deposition method (LMO/SiO 2 -SD) and tested for the oxidation of n -butylamine. The method utilized the synergistic effect of abundant active hydroxyl groups existing on the SiO 2 gel surface and citric acid, rendering the metal ions more uniformly scattered on the SiO 2 surface. Strikingly, the LMO/SiO 2 -SD sample exhibited the optimum catalytic performance ( T 90 at 246 °C) and the highest N 2 selectivity, which was mainly ascribed to its abundant surface acid sites, superior low-temperature reducibility and higher ratio of surface Mn 4+ species. The apparent activation energy ( E a ) for n -butylamine oxidation over LMO/SiO 2 -SD sample was 29.0 kJ mol -1 . Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of n -butylamine oxidation was investigated by in situ FITR and a reasonable reaction route for n -butylamine oxidation over the LMO/SiO 2 -SD sample was proposed., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2019
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