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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents/regimens such as cisplatin (DDP) are frequently used for advanced HCC treatment. However, drug resistance remains a major hindrance and the underline mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and function of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) in cisplatin-resistant HCC. We found that Mff is highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Mff suppresses cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of HCC/DDP cells. In addition, knockdown of Mff sensitizes Huh-7/DDP cells to cisplatin treatment, inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhances cell apoptosis. Confocal imaging showed that knockdown of Mff inhibits the mitochondrial fission and downregulates the expression of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in cisplatin-resistant Huh-7/DDP cells. Moreover, xenograft tumor model revealed that knockdown of Mff sensitizes Huh-7/DDP xenograft tumor to cisplatin treatment in vivo. In summary, our findings suggest that Mff regulates mitochondrial Drp1 expression and promotes cisplatin resistance in HCC, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant HCC.

Achieving smart circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) is in high demand for potential technological applications in the chiroptical fields. Herein, a series of chiral photonic crystals (CPCs) derived from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and photosensitive inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) through an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly strategy are reported. The photonic bandgaps (PBGs) of CPC films are well regulated by controlling the amount of doped POMs, yielding the tunable right‐handed CPL emission with tailored glum. By locating the maximum emission peak of POMs at the center of the PBG of CPC films, the composite shows remarkable CPL performance with a |glum| value up to 0.53. Furthermore, the CPL can be reversibly switched on/off through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process controlled by alternate UV irradiation reduction and air oxidation. The CPC films hold the great promise as next‐generation chiroptical memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe coloboma of ocular malignant neoplasms post‐resection poses a reconstructive challenge to surgeons. To compare the practicability, manipulability and outcomes of temporal (myocutaneous) flaps (TFs), forehead (supratrochlear artery/supraorbital artery) flaps (FFs) and buccal (facial artery) flaps (BFs) for periorbital defects reconstruction, a retrospective case series was conducted and evaluated between March 2014 and March 2021. Patient demographics and clinical parameters including age, gender, pathological diagnosis, operative methods, flap selection, operation time, aesthetic satisfaction and follow‐up period were collected. The differences in complications were compared and assessed of the three flaps, including flap survival, venous congestion and donor site healing. Totally, 68 patients who underwent periorbital reconstructive operations because of common ocular malignant tumours were reviewed in this study. As for aesthetic satisfaction, a score more than "moderately dissatisfied" was obtained in 21 patients with TFs (95.5%), and of which the scores in FFs group were 12 cases (60%) and 16 cases with BFs reconstruction (61.5%) (P <.05). Severe microvascular complications underwent re‐exploration operation occurred in one patient with FFs (1.5%) (P >.05). Notable flap necrosis was observed in two patients with BFs repair (2.9%) and in one case with FFs repair (1.5%), with no statistical difference between the three flap selections (P >.05). Moderate venous congestion occurred in one patient with TFs (1.5%), which was fully meliorated non‐surgically. The three familiar facial island flaps are considered as minor trauma and time‐saving process for reconstructing the extensive periorbital defects with comparable ranks of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death, which is closely related to the uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Dysregulation of M1 macrophage polarization is the primary contributor to serious inflammation. In this study, it is revealed that the murine homologue of circRNA SCAR (steatohepatitis‐associated circRNA ATP5B regulator), denoted as circRNA mSCAR hereafter, decreases in the macrophages of septic mice, which correlates with the excessive M1 polarization. To restore circRNA mSCAR in mitochondria, exosomes encapsulated with circRNA mSCAR are further electroporated with poly‐D‐lysine‐graft‐triphenylphosphine (TPP‐PDL), and thus TPP‐PDL facilitates the bound circRNA delivered into mitochondria when the exosomes engulf by the recipient cells. In in vivo septic mouse model and in vitro cell model, it is shown that the exosome‐based mitochondria delivery system delivers circRNA mSCAR into mitochondria preferentially in the macrophages, favoring macrophage polarization toward M2 subtype. Accordingly, the systemic inflammation is attenuated by exosome‐based mitochondrial delivery of circRNA mSCAR, together with alleviated mortality. Collectively, the results uncover the critical role of circRNA mSCAR in sepsis, and provide a promising approach to attenuate sepsis via exosome‐based mitochondrial delivery of circRNA mSCAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]