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Objective To explore the function of circ-MALAT1 targeting miR-101 in the inhibition of the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells. Methods Bladder cancer cell line SW780 was divided into si-NC group (transfection si-NC), si-circ-MALAT1 group (transfection si-circ-MALAT1), miR-NC group (transfection miR-NC), miR-101 group (transfection miR-101 mimics), si-circ-MALAT1+anti-miR-NC group(co-transfection si-circ-MALAT1 and anti-miR-NC)and si-circ-MALAT1+anti-miR-101 group(co-transfection si-circ-MALAT1 and anti-miR-101). RT-qPCR was used to examine the expression of circ-MALAT1 and miR-101; Transwell method was used to detect cell invasion and migration; The matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9),phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT) protein expression were measured by Western blot; Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was applied to detect the targeting relationship between circ-MALAT1 and miR-101. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression of circ-MALAT1 in bladder cancer tissue was significantly increased (P＜0.05)and the expression of miR-101 was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the expression of circ-MALAT1 in the si-circ-MALAT1 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05)and the counting number of invasion and migrating cells was significantly reduced (P＜0.05), the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein was significantly reduced(P＜0.05). Compared with the miR-NC group, the expression of miR-101 in the miR-101 group was significantly increased(P＜0.05)and the number of invasion as well as migrating cells were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the (si-circ-MALAT1+anti-miR-NC)group, the(si-circ-MALAT1+anti-miR-101)group showed more cell invasion and migration (P＜0.05), the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein was significantly increased(P＜0.05). Conclusions Reduction of circ-MALAT1 expression and up-regulation miR-101 inhibit the invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells line SW780. The mechanism may be related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The integrity of blood vessels is fundamental to vascular homeostasis. Inactivating mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type II (BMPR2) gene cause hereditary vascular disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, suggesting that BMPR2 and its downstream signaling pathway are pivotal to the maintenance of vascular integrity through an unknown molecular mechanism. Here we report that inactivation of BMPR2 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells results in a deficit of RAD51, an enzyme essential for DNA repair and replication. Loss of RAD51, which causes DNA damage and cell death, is also detected in animal models and human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Restoration of BMPR2 or activation of the BMP signaling pathway rescues RAD51 and prevents DNA damage. This is an unexpected role of BMP signaling in preventing the accumulation of DNA damage and the concomitant loss of endothelial integrity and vascular remodeling associated with vascular disorders.

A powder metallurgy rapid foaming method was used to prepare Al-7Si closed-cell aluminum foam, and the influence of the preparation process parameters on the expansion rate, porosity, cell number and pore diameter of the aluminum foam after using high thermal conductivity foaming mold was studied. The results show that the TiH2 which is pre-oxidation treated isothermally at 450-500 ℃ for 1 h can refine the particle size, increase the onset decomposition temperature and the peak hydrogen release temperature of TiH2. Excessive pre-oxidation treatment of TiH2 reduces the gas released and expansion rate of aluminum foam. The increase of foaming temperature is beneficial to increase the expansion rate and the number of cells, and has little effect on the porosity and average pore size, but too high temperature can increase the distribution range of low-circularity crack-like cells on the top of the sample. The foaming mold can constrain the direction of expansion and improve the uniformity of the pore size during the cooling process. The powder metallurgy rapid foaming method can obtain aluminum foams with uniform cell structure. The aluminum foams can be obtained with the porosity of 78.1%, the pore diameter of (2.29±0.8) mm and the optimal structure,when TiH2 pretreated at 450 ℃ for 90 min and foaming temperature at 720 ℃ for 160 s.

Objective To investigate the effects of exosome secreted by macrophage J774A.1 on the proliferation and migration of mouse colorectal cancer cell lines MC38 and CT26 and potential mechanism. Methods The phenotype of J774A.1 cells was identified by flow cytometry.The morphological characteristics, size and surface markers of the exosome of J774A.1 cells were detected by transmission electronic microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA) and Western blot.The uptake of exosome by MC38 and CT26 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Proliferation of MC38 and CT26 was detected by CCK8 assay. Migration ability of MC38 and CT26 was detected by wound healing assay. The expression of phosphorylated proteins p-MEK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in proliferation-related pathways was detected by Western blot. Results J774A.1 cells are M2 macrophages expressing the cell surface marker molecules CD68 and CD206. J774A.1 exosomes can be taken up by colorectal cancer cells MC38 and CT26, and can promote their proliferation(P＜0.05), enhance their migration and activate MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Conclusions Macrophage J774A.1 exosomes can promote the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cell lines MC38 and CT26, which is potentially attributed to the increased phosphorylation of MEK-ERK signaling pathway.

Objectives: This study evaluated the use of lidocaine spray for acute postsurgical pain control after posterior pharyngeal flap surgery. Methods: Fifty patients aged 4 to 14 years who were scheduled to undergo elective posterior pharyngeal flap surgery were randomized to receive 2.4% lidocaine spray (Group L) or an identical volume of placebo spray (Group C) on the surgical field at the end of the surgery. The primary outcome was the maximum postoperative pain score in the postanesthesia care unit. Results: The maximum pain score in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C (p = 0.001). The incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pain in the postanesthesia care unit was significantly lower in Group L than that in Group C (p < 0.001). In the postanesthesia care unit, more patients in Group C were prescribed rescue analgesics (p < 0.001). The time to the first rescue analgesic was also significantly shorter in Group L (p < 0.001). The incidence and maximum score of emergence agitation were lower in Group L than in Group C. Compared with Group C, Group L showed earlier postoperative fluid intake (p = 0.001). Moreover, the score for parental satisfaction with pain control was higher in Group L than in Group C (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the use of 2.4% lidocaine aerosol spray on the surgical site at the end of the surgery could produce good analgesia for acute postoperative pain, reduce the incidence and severity of EA, and shorten the time to restore fluid intake. Level of Evidence: 2 Laryngoscope, 134:2438–2443, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moisture absorption properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates treated with three kinds of hygrothermal environments (relative humidity 85% RH, temperature 25, 70, 85℃ respectively) were investigated by accelerated moisture absorption method. Tensile, compressive and shear tests were carried out to study the effect of hygrothermal conditions on the mechanical behavior of CFRP laminates. Meanwhile, the damage mechanism of CFRP laminates in hygrothermal environment was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Finally, a formula which could predict the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates in hygrothermal environments was proposed by least square method. The results show that the moisture absorption characteristics of CFRP laminates in preliminary stage accords with Fick's law well. At the same humidity, the CFRP's moisture absorption speeds, the moisture saturation contents and times are increased with the increment of the environmental temperature. The mechanical properties of CFRP laminates in 90°tensile test and shear test are decreased most obviously. Water molecules are associated with epoxy resin through hydrogen bonds after the treatment in hygrothermal environment, however, there is no chemical structure change in the components of the CFRP laminate. The formula of mechanical performance degradation under different hygrothermal conditions is basically consistent with the experimental results.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy route, including in-situ chemical vapor deposition synthesis and ball-milling process. The effect of ball-milling process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CNT/Al composites was investigated. The results show that the best tensile properties of CNT/Al composites can be achieved without adding any process control agent; with the increment of milling time, CNTs are gradually embedded into Al matrix and the composite microstructure becomes more dense and uniform. The hardness and tensile strength of CNT/Al composites continuously increase with the increase of milling time; however, the elongation firstly increases and then decreases. The composites after 90min of milling show a good balance between strength and ductility, and the hardness and tensile strength of which is 1.4 and 1.7 times higher than that of pure Al respectively, with elongation of 17.9%.

The Al composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Al2O3 particles were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ball milling method. The effect of milling time and Al2O3 content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of composites was studied. The results show that the uniform dispersion of CNTs and Al2O3 reinforcements in the Al matrix can be achieved by using this method. As the milling time increases, the microhardness of composite increases. When the milling time is 180min, the microhardness of composites reaches 2.1 times of pure Al. In addition, the microhardness and compressive yield stress of CNTs-Al2O3/Al composites both increase as the Al2O3 content increases. When the mass fraction of CNT reaches 4%, the microhardness and compressive yield stress of CNTs-Al2O3/Al composites are 112.1HV and 426MPa, which are the 2.8 and 4.6 times as large as that of pure Al, respectively. The results indicate that the hybrid addition of CNTs and Al2O3 play good synergic enhanced effect.

A significant fraction of higher plants in China are threatened due to dramatic landscape transformation and increasing climate change. However, the conservation effectiveness of threatened higher plants (THPs) and their response to climate change are still underexplored to date. Based on the latest list of THPs in China, we obtained 102 593 occurrence records with latitude and longitude for 3858 THPs. By integrating the distribution patterns of three biodiversity indexes (i.e., species richness, species complementarity, and weighted endemism) and 10 plant categories, we identified hotspots for THPs and calculated the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves. We then selected 1959 THPs to project the shift of species richness and range sizes under climate change (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 2.6 and RCP 8.5). In total, 16 hotspot areas covering 7.38% of Chinese land area and containing 91.73% of THPs were identified. Current nature reserves protected 35.05% of hotspots, 73.07% of all THPs, and 56.64% of narrow‐ranged species. By the 2070s, the species richness of THPs were predicted to decrease in Southeast and Central China, and 42.42% (RCP 2.6) and 51.40% (RCP 8.5) of the 1959 THPs would confront habitat contraction. Future conservation efforts should focus on the conservation gaps and carry out targeted conservation for THPs with narrow distribution range. In order to cope with climate change, the hotspots with relatively low species loss can serve as important areas to contain current species diversity and the areas with high species gain offer opportunities for ex‐situ conservation of THPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shikani optical stylet (SOS) versus fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) for awake nasal intubation in head and neck surgery patients with an anticipated difficult airway.Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.Methods: This study involved 50 adult patients scheduled for elective head and neck surgery and presented with an anticipated difficult airway. Patients planned for awake nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into two groups: FOB (n = 25) and SOS (n = 25). Patients were intubated under local anesthesia and sedation using the randomly assigned intubation device by anesthetists proficient in both airway devices. The time to successful intubation was regarded as the primary endpoint.Results: The median time (interquartile range) to tracheal intubation in the FOB group was 74 seconds (57-108) and 38 seconds (27-60) in the SOS group (P < .001). Intubation success rates on the first attempt in the FOB and SOS groups were 96% and 92%, respectively (P > .999). Airway assisted maneuvers were required in six (24%) SOS intubations compared to 21 (84%) FOB intubations (P < .001). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidences of oxygen desaturation and postoperative complications related to intubation.Conclusion: Compared to the FOB group, awake nasal intubation in the SOS group required significantly less time and fewer airway-assisted maneuvers on adult head and neck surgery patients with anticipated difficult airway.Level Of Evidence: 2 Laryngoscope, 131:319-325, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]