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Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation ( LAED ). Methods The clinical and imaging data, pathological morphology, immunophenotypic characteristics, and genetic testing results of two patients with LAED collected from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. Results Both patients were middle-aged males and long-term smokers. Their serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were >20 000 ng/mL and 914.17 ng/mL, respectively. The lesions were located in the right upper lobe and left lower lobe, with a maximum diameter of 12.5 cm and 4.0 cm, respectively. The surgical resection specimens of the patients showed that the tumor sections were grayish white and grayish red, solid, soft, and locally friable. Microscopically, most of the tumor tissues were solid, and a small part was glandular, papillary, or cystic glandular. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was clear and rich in glycogen. Immunohistochemical tests showed that the tumor tissues had both embryonic differentiation and intestinal differentiation phenotypes, and did not express hepatocyte differentiation markers. Molecular tests showed no mutations in EGFR, ALK/ROS1, RET, KRAS, BRAF, NTRK, and MET, no amplification of HER-2, and EBER was negative. Both patients were diagnosed with LAED. Because of the overlap in morphology and immunophenotype with hepatoid adenocarcinoma and other poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas with clear cytoplasm, and the elevated AFP levels in both cases, LAED was easy to be misdiagnosed. One patient gave up treatment and died 2 months later. The other patient received radical lobectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, immune and targeted therapy after surgery. After treatment, the AFP level dropped to normal, and the patient died of bone and brain metastasis at 40 months of follow-up. Conclusions LAED is a rare tumor that has not been extensively reported either domestically or internationally. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of LAED mainly rely on characteristic histology and cell morphology in combination with immunohistochemistry and serum AFP levels. This report broadens the disease spectrum of primary lung adenocarcinoma producing AFP. In general, LAED has a rapid clinical progression and a poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Plant fungal diseases pose a significant threat to crop production. The extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to growing environmental safety risks and pesticide resistance of various plant pathogens. Therefore, it is an urgent task to explore novel eco‐friendly fungicidal agents with high efficacy to combat fungal infection. RESULTS: In this study, we rationally designed a series of novel thymol derivatives by incorporation of the sulfonamide moiety and evaluated their biological activities against plant pathogenic fungi. The bioassay results underscored the remarkable in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 5m and 5t against Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici), with EC50 values of 8.420 and 8.414 μg/mL, respectively. Their efficacies were superior to that of widely used commercial fungicides azoxystrobin (AZO, 20.649 μg/mL) and cabendazim (CAB, 251.625 μg/mL). Furthermore, compound 5v exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), with an EC50 value of 12.829 μg/mL, significantly outperforming AZO (63.629 μg/mL). In vivo bioassays demonstrated the impactful activity of compound 5v against S. sclerotiorum, achieving over 98% curative and protective efficacies at the concentration of 200 μg/mL. Further mechanistic investigations unveiled that compound 5v induced mycelial shrinkage and collapse in S. sclerotiorum, resulting in organelle damage and the accumulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. CONCLUSION: The significant antifungal efficacy of the prepared thymol derivatives shall encourage further exploration of compound 5v as a promising candidate to develop novel fungicides for crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a subtype of chromophobe RCC. Its distinct histopathologic features are microcystic and microtubular pattern, pigmentation, and microcalcifications. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC has ultrastructure, immunophenotypic structure, and molecular results similar to chromophobe RCC. Methods. We report five tumors of pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC. Morphological observation and immunohistochemical examination were performed, and clinical and molecular features were analyzed. Results. Microscopically, all five tumors showed brown pigmentation, microcystic, and tubular cystic structures, one tumor presented microscopic calcifications. All tumors were positive for EMA, AE1/AE3, PAX8, KRT7, KIT (CD117), claudin 7, KRT8, and E-cadherin, and three tumors expressed P504S. All tumors were negative for vimentin, CA9, KRT20, TFE3, TFEB, Melan-A, HMB45, FH, SDHB, and GATA3. Ki-67 index varied from less than 1% to 2%. In three tumors, next-generation sequencing of the 688 gene was performed, the results found gene variants with potential clinical significance such as JMJD1C, MYCL, TP53, PI3KCA, KRAS, APC, GLI1, LRRK2, and gene variants with unclear clinical significance such as NTRK1 and RAD50 ; All patients remained alive over a follow-up period of 8–46 months without tumor recurrence and sarcomatoid transformation. Conclusions. Pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC has a relatively benign biological behavior, and distant metastases and sarcomatoid transformation are rare. This overview of five additional tumors of pigmented microcystic chromophobe RCC offers further insight into this special subtype of chromophobe RCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shallow-water carbonates from the Yingshan Formation are important target of hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin. Detailed descriptions of outcrop, core, and thin sections, isotopic composition analysis, and trace element analysis were conducted. Seven lithofacies which consists of two facies belt groups were identified and used to interpret deposition environments of Yingshan Formation: (1) peritidal carbonate, with relatively lower δ13C values from −4.2% to −1.9%, mainly represented by intertidal to supratidal facies and restricted subtidal facies and (2) open-marine subtidal carbonate, with higher δ13C values (−1.5% to −0.3%), mainly consists of shoal facies and interbank sea facies. On the basis of the lithology sets, four types of meter-scale cycle model (types A–D) were grouped into peritidal sequences and subtidal sequences. On the basis of vertical lithofacies, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations in Fischer plots, two third-order depositional sequences (SQ1–SQ2) were recognized. The sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2 is not only a surface of a positive shift of δ13C values, but also the transitional zone of cycle stacking patterns. The sequences can be further divided into four fourth-order sequence sets: Sq1–Sq4. The lower sequences (Sq1–Sq2) are dominated by peritidal facies and characterized by a progressive decreasing in accommodation space probably indicates a longer-term fall in sea level. The upper sequences (Sq3–Sq4) are mainly dominated by subtidal facies and characterized by the accommodation space with a progressive increasement, likely indicates a rising sea level with a longer term. The facies-controlled reservoirs are mainly present in the Sq3, related to the sequence boundary between SQ1 and SQ2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has seen great advances in genomic profiling and prognosis-associated factors of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common entity in kidney cancer. Following VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, and KDM5C have been validated as the most common co-occurring gene mutations in clear cell RCC by multicenter studies. However, the morphological features of clear cell RCC with co-occurring gene mutations remain unclear. In this study, we presented 20 clear cell RCCs that underwent next-generation sequencing, of which 1 tumor was reclassified as ELOC -mutated RCC. PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1, and KDM5C were the most common mutations, following VHL. Morphologically, clear cell RCC with PBRM1 or KDM5C mutation usually displayed a low-grade pattern. Cystic changes and hyalinized stroma were often observed. The Ki67 index was <10%. These observations indicated good prognosis. However, mutated SETD2 may increase the malignancy of clear cell RCC with PBRM1 mutation. Two clear cell RCCs with mutated PBRM1 and SETD2 developed local or distant metastases. Clear cell RCC with BAP1 mutations always had high-grade patterns, and rhabdoid differentiation was also observed, indicating that BAP1 mutation was associated with poor outcomes. Papillary architecture was often a feature of BAP1 mutation, which is uncommon in clear cell RCC. PDL1 was positive in only one tumor with BAP1 mutation, and the positivity rate was limited to 5%. B7H3 was negative in all tumors. Morphologic findings in this small cohort may suggest why PBRM1 mutation does not correlate with decreased survival, whereas BAP1 mutation usually predicts poor outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activations of carbonyl compounds bearing cyclopropyl, epoxyl, azirine and aziridinyl groups by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organic catalysts are reviewed. The reactions are introduced and discussed from 3 aspects according to the activation modes involved in these transformations. A brief summary on the achievements and the remaining challenges in NHC‐catalyzed activation of cyclopropanes and their analogues is given at the end of this minireview. Our own perspectives on the future development within this highly active research field are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]