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The electrolysis of seawater has become a preferred method for hydrogen production since the current shortage of freshwater resources, offering an effective strategy to address the energy crisis. Nevertheless, this technology is limited by the following two factors: (i) low stability of catalytic materials at high-current density and (ii) accelerated corrosion rate of the electrode due to high concentrations of chloride ions (Cl−). Herein, an ultrafine phosphorus (P) and ruthenium (Ru) co-doped cerium dioxide (CeO2) self-supporting electrode (P, Ru–CeO2) was constructed via a high-pressure treatment strategy. Under the oxygen vacancies (Ov) in the CeO2 support and the anionic protective layer formed by the P–O bond, the electrode exhibits exceptional catalytic activity and durability in saline-alkali water, which only requires 291 mV to reach 1000 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH + 1.5 M NaCl electrolyte. Besides, the electrode could operate stably at 1000 mA cm−2 over 100 h without significant attenuation, which can reach the level of industrial water electrolysis. This work presents a novel approach to designing and engineering excellent catalysts for industrial water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final machining process, high-precision boring, can significantly affect the geometric error index of deep holes in gearboxes with thin-walled features. However, traditional mirror and mean compensation strategies are inadequate in compensating for the complex spatial and vector geometric errors, resulting in machining problems when boring deep holes in thin-walled boxes. This paper proposed a gradient compensation method that considered the geometric error and boring process characteristics to improve the current machining accuracy. The disadvantages of the classical compensation methods were analyzed in detail based on the error characteristics in boring deep holes. A gradient compensation was proposed and derived to improve the machining precision for boring deep holes on thin-walled boxes. On the other hand, a cutting test was designed and implemented using a control variable method in industrial cutting environment. Two different codes were programmed for boring process to validate the advantages of the proposed compensation method than the common. With the proposed compensation method, the geometric accuracy was improved by 86.12%, indicating that the proposed model was efficient for boring deep holes in thin-walled boxes. As a result, the proposed gradient compensation method successfully reduces the machining error of actual boring deep holes in thin-walled boxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, the feeding habits, trophic niches, and spatial niches of Pennahia pawak and Pennahia anea were investigated with the aim of exploring the coexistence and competition mechanism of these two species in the Beibu Gulf. The results indicate that both P. pawak and P. anea exhibit feeding shifts and differentiation in their trophic and spatial niches. The study of trophic relationships among closely related species plays an important role in deepening our understanding of the resource utilization characteristics, differentiation patterns, and population dynamics of co-occurring species in the same habitat. This research uses two congeneric fish species, Pennahia pawak and Pennahia anea, as examples. Based on a stomach content analysis and a carbon–nitrogen stable isotope analysis, a comparative analysis of their feeding habits and trophic niches is conducted. Additionally, a spatial niche analysis is employed to explore the coexistence and competitive mechanisms between these two closely related fish species. The results show that specialized feeding habits mitigate intraspecific competition as the population densities increase. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis reveals variations in the feeding habits and trophic levels with body length, indicating adaptive shifts in prey selection. Despite similar food resources, niche differentiation arises due to differences in dominant prey, facilitating coexistence. Differences in spatial niche further contribute to niche separation and coexistence. In resource-limited environments, species such as Pennahia utilize trophic and spatial niche differentiation to collectively exploit resources and achieve coexistence, with implications for fishery management favoring Pennahia resource occupancy capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, the author conducted a comparative analysis of Greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) in the Beibu Gulf during two distinct periods (2010 and 2020), aiming to comprehend the variations in dietary strategies and trophic levels while investigating the driving factors influencing S. tumbil in the study area. Over the past decade, the main prey items of this species have been fishes, followed by cephalopods and crustaceans. However, changes in the community structure and primary prey resources have led the S. tumbil population to diversify their prey species, utilize alternative resources, and expand their foraging space. The timing and magnitude of ODSs varied between the two periods. In comparison to 2010, the proportion of population feeding on pelagic–neritic prey significantly increased, and the δ15N values decreased, indicating that the shift in the ecological types of preferred prey from demersal to pelagic–neritic was the primary cause of the decrease in trophic levels. Understanding dietary behavior during the individual development of marine predators and its temporal variations elucidates how species adapt to changes in marine resources. This is crucial for predicting marine predators' habitat selection and the natural population's responses to environmental changes. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of dietary shift strategies and trophic level variations in Greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) in the Beibu Gulf during two distinct periods (2010 and 2020) using stomach content and stable isotope analysis methods. Possible driving factors for these changes were also explored. Changes in the fishery community structure and the decline in the abundance of primary prey resources have led the S. tumbil population to diversify their prey species, utilize alternative resources, and expand their foraging space. However, the species' foraging strategy, characterized by chasing and preying on schooling and pelagic prey, promoted stability in their feeding behavior across spatial and temporal scales. The main prey items remained demersal and pelagic fish species, followed by cephalopods and crustaceans. Similar to other generalist fish species, ontogenetic dietary shifts (ODSs) indicated a partial transition towards larger prey items. However, the timing and magnitude of the ODSs varied between the two periods, reflecting life-history variations and adaptive adjustments to environmental changes. In comparison to 2010, the population's mean body length (BL) increased in 2020, and the proportion of the population feeding on pelagic–neritic prey significantly increased. However, the δ15N values were lower, indicating that the shift in the ecological niche of preferred prey from demersal to pelagic–neritic was the primary cause of the decrease in trophic levels. In the future, we will conduct further quantitative research integrating the spatiotemporal data of both predators and prey to clarify the relationships between marine predators' feeding behavior, trophic levels, and changes in prey community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jointing problem has become increasingly prominent with the growing applications of composites in industrial fields. Besides, the hybrid bonded‐bolted (HBB) joint has aroused extensive attention for its excellent mechanical performance. In this study, numerous tests and simulations were conducted to investigate the load‐bearing performance of the plain‐woven carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates HBB joints under quasi‐static uniaxial tensile conditions. The influence of HBB morphological parameters was systematically analyzed. The 3D Hashin failure criterion was successfully implemented in the finite element model for the failure analysis of a numerical equivalent cross‐ply laminate structure. Highlights: FEA‐based mechanical property analysis tool for CFRP bonded‐bolted joint.Quantitative influences of HBB morphological parameters are discussed.Failure modes of HBB with different characteristics are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface formation in electrical discharge machining (EDM) involves melting, evaporation, re-solidification and crater overlapping. However, almost all existing models concerning surface formation in EDM only consider the thermal process and ignore hydrodynamic phenomena during machining. Herein, a novel three-dimensional thermo-hydraulic coupling model incorporating the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian scheme was developed to address the above problem. The model comprehensively considered the surface deformation caused by melt flow, temperature-dependent material properties, phase changes and the effects of practical forces on melt pools to simulate surface formation on an anodic workpiece at a discharge current of 2 A. Simulation results demonstrate that during single-pulse discharge, molten material flowed radially to the crater periphery. The radial melt flow was driven by evaporation recoil pressure and thermocapillary force. The effect of evaporation recoil pressure on melt flow was gradually counteracted by that of surface tension after discharge ignition, and thermocapillary force became the dominant factor that maintained the existence of bulges around craters. During multiple discharges, the bulges generated by different discharges underwent superposition owing to the flow of molten material and subsequently formed surface peaks. The simulation results also provide the measurements of crater diameter, surface roughness and recast layer thickness, which are consistent with experimental results. The proposed modelling method can provide a useful reference for further investigations on surface integrity in EDM with minimal computing resource requirements. • A novel 3D thermo-hydraulic coupling surface formation model for EDM was proposed. • The effects of evaporation recoil pressure and thermocapillary force on melt pool dynamics in EDM were investigated. • Simulation results of multiple discharges show good consistency with experiment results concerning surface properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional high-speed electrolyte flow for removing bubbles and sludges from the inter-electrode gap during electrochemical machining (ECM) usually results in the non-uniform distribution of temperature, bubbles, and sludges, thus deteriorating machining accuracy. Therefore, ECM performed in stationary electrolyte via an efficient flushing method may solve this problem. For this reason, the previous study proposed the stamp flushing method to squeeze out the bubbles and sludge from the inter-electrode gap by shortening the gap width. However, the effectiveness of the stamp flushing method in achieving high replicability has not been systematically investigated. In the present work, the stamp stroke motion was first optimized to improve the flushing efficiency of the stamp flushing method. To obtain higher stamping velocity and to avoid the damage due to the collision between the tool electrode and workpiece, a cushion mechanism was newly installed on the equipment. Based on the optimized stamp stroke motion, the periodical micropatterns fabricated on the tool electrode surface using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) were replicated onto the SK4 workpiece using ECM in stationary electrolyte. The dimensional deviation of the workpiece from the tool electrode after ECM was less than 4 μm in the feed direction and approximately 30 μm in the side direction when the initial width of the frontal gap was 10 μm. Outside the inter-electrode gap, the electrolyte flowing along the axial direction (EFAAD) was supplied to rapidly flush out the bubbles and sludge squeezed out by stamp motion to prevent them from backflowing into the inter-electrode gap during the widening phase of the gap after the stamp motion. Since the EFAAD does not affect the electrolyte in the inter-electrode gap, the ECM remains performed in a stationary electrolyte. High replicability was obtained uniformly over the working surface, which originates from the combined effect of small inter-electrode gap width and uniform distribution of temperature, bubbles, and sludge in stationary electrolyte. This work proves the potential of the proposed stamp-flushing method for manufacturing metal parts with high replicability. • The effectiveness of the stamp flushing method in achieving high replicability was demonstrated. • The flushing mechanism of the stamp flushing method was investigated and revealed. • The stamp stroke motion was optimized to improve the flushing efficiency of the stamp flushing method. • The dimensional deviation of the workpiece from the tool electrode after ECM was less than 4 μm in the feed direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has long been applied in tunnel advanced prediction. However, it remains questionable to what extent a geologic anomaly body will influence the induced electromagnetic response in front of the heading face. The dilemma is partly because observed TEM data are frequently interpreted by empirical formulas or proportional relationships, and a quantitative measurement has not been established. In this paper, we strive to understand the TEM characteristics from a 3D finite-element time-domain (FETD) modeling aspect. The modeling algorithm is based on unstructured space meshing and unconditional stable time discretization, which ensures its accuracy and stability. The modeling algorithm is verified by a half-space model, in which the misfit of late-time channels that we are concerned with is generally below 1%. The algorithm has also been utilized to carry out the TEM response of tunnel models with different types of TEM devices. Through model studies, we find that both the traditional central-loop device and the recently developed weak-coupling opposing-coil device are feasible in tunnel advanced detection. Nevertheless, the latter type of device better distinguishes low-resistivity anomalies at 30 m ahead of the heading face with a relative difference (between models with and without the anomaly) of more than 1000% at certain time channels, compared with only a 10% difference of the central-loop device. Also, we conclude that the vertical electromagnetic field component should be recorded and interpreted together with the horizontal field to provide more convincing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of cardiac systems has been a hot topic of clinical research, and the recurrence plots have earned much attention as an effective tool for it. In this paper, we propose a novel method of multivariate joint order recurrence networks (MJORNs) to evaluate the multi-lead electrocardiography (ECG) time series with healthy and psychological heart states. The similarity between time series is studied by quantifying the structure in a joint order pattern recurrence plot. We take the time series that corresponds to each of the 12-lead ECG signals as a node in the network and use the entropy of diagonal line length that describes the complex structure of joint order pattern recurrence plot as the weight to construct MJORN. The analysis of network topology reveals differences in nonlinear complexity for healthy and heart diseased heartbeat systems. Experimental outcomes show that the values of average weighted path length are reduced in MJORN constructed from crowds with heart diseases, compared to those from healthy individuals, and the results of the average weighted clustering coefficient are the opposite. Due to the impaired cardiac fractal-like structures, the similarity between different leads of ECG is reduced, leading to a decrease in the nonlinear complexity of the cardiac system. The topological changes of MJORN reflect, to some extent, modifications in the nonlinear dynamics of the cardiac system from healthy to diseased conditions. Compared to multivariate cross recurrence networks and multivariate joint recurrence networks, our results suggest that MJORN performs better in discriminating healthy and pathological heartbeat dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contained in corn straw need to be degraded before reuse. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a new strategy that can enhance the degradation effect of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Ostrinia furnacalis is one of the corn pests feeding on corn straw, which can degrade and consume corn straw by digestive enzyme secreted in the midgut. Herein, the degradation efficiency of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose was tested by a stain of white rot fungus combined with digestive enzyme of O. furnacalis extracted from its midgut. It was proved that the selected strain of white rot fungus could degrade lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose effectively. The contents of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose decreased with the extension of degradation time, with the lowest level reached at 35 d with 9 ml digestive enzyme solution of O. furnacalis added. Compared with the control group, digestive enzyme of O. furnacalis could improve the degradation effect of the selected white rot fungi on lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The effect of degradation was enhanced with the extension of degradation time and the increase in the amount of digestive enzyme added. The results provide a new strategy and a basis for strengthening the degradation effect of white rot fungi on corn straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maleimide derivatives are widely synthesized as luminescent materials due to their excellent structural advantages and good chemical stability. In this article, we have designed and synthesized two new dual-state emission (DSE) molecules that use maleimide as the skeleton and introduce different amounts of conjugation-induced rigidity biphenyl by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The obtained fluorophores show bright blue fluorescence emission both in solution and solid state, displaying DSE effects. Moreover, the fluorophores also display positive solvatochromic effects in solvent of different polarity, and they response to the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA), displaying reversible acidochromic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence (UPL) is an anti-Stokes process emitting photons of energy higher than the excitation photons, with upconversion energy gain provided by optical phonons. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides provide a promising platform for exploring the phonon-assisted UPL process due to their strong phonon–exciton interactions. Here, high-temperature phonon-assisted UPL process in monolayer WSe2 is investigated, aiming to understand the role of phonon population and the number of phonons involved in the UPL process at elevated temperatures. It is demonstrated that the integrated intensity of UPL emission significantly increases by two orders of magnitude as the temperature rises from room temperature of 295 to 476 K, which is distinguished from the photoluminescence emission usually suffering from thermal quenching. The observed growth of UPL emission intensity is attributed to both the increased phonon population and the reduced number of phonons required at elevated temperatures. Our study paves the way toward near-infrared light detection, anti-Stokes energy harvesting, optical refrigeration, and temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of carborane derivatives (o-CB-DPE, E = O, S, Se) were synthesized through a combining of the σ characteristic o-carborane and chalcogen-fused phenazines. The UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results showed that o-CB-DPEs have a visible light absorption (λ > 390 nm), narrow energy gap (∼2.93 eV), and stable radical cation species. The radical cation formation process of these was proved by spectroelectrochemistry and chemical oxidation with AgSbF6. Based on the above advantages, o-CB-DPS showed an excellent performance on ATRP (Đ = 1.12, C(MMA) = 97%) due to the long radical cation lifetime (700 s). These results prove that combining carborane and chalcogen-fused phenazine is a feasible method to improve the efficiency of metal-free photocatalytic ATRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerial vehicle detection has significant applications in aerial surveillance and traffic control. The pictures captured by the UAV are characterized by many tiny objects and vehicles obscuring each other, significantly increasing the detection challenge. In the research of detecting vehicles in aerial images, there is a widespread problem of missed and false detections. Therefore, we customize a model based on YOLOv5 to be more suitable for detecting vehicles in aerial images. Firstly, we add one additional prediction head to detect smaller-scale objects. Furthermore, to keep the original features involved in the training process of the model, we introduce a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) to fuse the feature information from various scales. Lastly, Soft-NMS (soft non-maximum suppression) is employed as a prediction frame filtering method, alleviating the missed detection due to the close alignment of vehicles. The experimental findings on the self-made dataset in this research indicate that compared with YOLOv5s, the mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 of YOLOv5-VTO increase by 3.7% and 4.7%, respectively, and the two indexes of accuracy and recall are also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the variation of temperature field, pressure field and deformation of hydrostatic thrust bearing under different working conditions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving accuracy and reliability. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, the double rectangular hydrostatic bearing of type Q1-224 was selected as the research object, and the simulation was carried out according to different working conditions, and the obtained data were summarized regularly. Findings: It is found that the overall temperature of hydrostatic bearing increases with the increase of speed and load, and the increase in load will result in a larger pressure distribution which first increases and then decreases with the speed. The deformation trend of the deformation field is found, and it is found that the force deformation is larger than the thermal deformation at low rotational speed, and the thermal deformation is larger than the force deformation at high rotational speed. Originality/value: In this study, the fluid-structure coupling method of conjugate heat transfer is applied to study the whole hydrostatic bearing. Most of the previous studies only studied the oil film and considered the influence of the convective heat transfer between the hydrostatic bearing and the air in heat transfer, which is rarely seen in the previous research literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological disorder, and its recurrence and suddenness are making automatic detection of seizure an urgent necessity. For this purpose, this paper performs topological data analysis (TDA) of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals by the medium of graphs to explore the potential brain activity information they contain. Through our innovative method, we first map the time series of epileptic EEGs into bi-directional weighted visibility graphs (BWVGs), which give more comprehensive reflections of the signals compared to previous existing structures. Traditional graph-theoretic measurements are generally partial and mainly consider differences or correlations in vertices or edges, whereas persistent homology (PH), the essential part of TDA, provides an alternative way of thinking by quantifying the topology structure of the graphs and analyzing the evolution of these topological properties with scale changes. Therefore, we analyze the PH for BWVGs and then obtain the two indicators of persistence and birth–death for homology groups to reflect the topology of the mapping graphs of EEG signals and reveal the discrepancies in brain dynamics. Furthermore, we adopt neural networks (NNs) for the automatic detection of epileptic signals and successfully achieve a classification accuracy of 99.67 % when distinguishing among three different sets of EEG signals from seizure, seizure-free, and healthy subjects. In addition, to accommodate multi-leads, we propose a classifier that incorporates graph structure to distinguish seizure and seizure-free EEG signals. The classification accuracies of the two subjects used in the classifier are as high as 99.23 % and 94.76 % , respectively, indicating that our proposed model is useful for the analysis of EEG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moving beyond examining overall social networking site (SNS) use, this study examined the influence of three types of WeChat activities on loneliness, considering the moderating roles of age and perceived network supportiveness on WeChat. Results of a two-wave panel survey with Chinese WeChat users (N = 1202 at Time 1, N = 740 at Time 2) revealed that frequent directed communication, content consumption, and broadcasting on WeChat did not directly influence participants' loneliness across age cohorts over time. However, the effects of WeChat activities on loneliness were contingent upon a user's age. Moreover, the positive role of WeChat activities in alleviating loneliness was significant only for users who perceived higher levels of network supportiveness on WeChat. For users who perceived lower levels of network supportiveness, frequent WeChat activities led to increased loneliness over time. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the implications of mobile SNS use on well-being across generations in the longitudinal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the system of political centralization and economic decentralization, the expanding scale of land finance and the increasingly severe environmental pressure have jointly become crucial features of China's urban development. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the intrinsic mechanism of land finance on haze pollution for China's economy to achieve kinetic energy transformation and green development. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of land finance on haze pollution using a dynamic spatial Durbin model based on panel data of 269 prefecture‐level cities in China from 2004 to 2017. The statistical results show that haze pollution has a significant "snowball effect" and space spillover effect. Land finance has a significant positive effect on haze pollution. Land transfer both by agreement and by bid invitation, auction, and listing have significant positive effect on haze pollution. However, the promoting effect of land transfer by agreement on haze pollution is significantly higher than that of land sale by bid invitation, auction, and listing. Furthermore, regional heterogeneity implies that for cities in the eastern region, land finance is conducive to alleviating haze pollution. In contrast, for cities in the central and western regions, land finance significantly promotes haze pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid development of science and technology (S&T) in China, few studies have examined the factors related to public opinions toward funding S&T development. Using a nationwide sample from an online survey in China (N = 702), this study examined how Chinese attention to S&T information on digital media was associated with public support for funding, based on an extended cognitive mediation model, in which their scientific literacy and nationalism toward scientific and technological development in China were examined as the outcomes of information consumption and as predictors of support for funding S&T development. The results indicated that attention to S&T information on digital media was positively associated with two information processing strategies—elaboration of S&T information and digital media engagement with S&T topics. Moreover, elaboration was positively related to scientific literacy and nationalism, whereas digital media engagement was positively associated with the nationalism but not with the literacy. Next, individuals' scientific literacy and nationalism were positively associated with their support for funding S&T development. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new energy demonstration city policy (NEDC), an essential economic system aiming to implement innovative development strategies and energy structure transformations in China, is crucial for solving the current plight of resource-based cities. This paper studies the effect of the implementation of the NEDC on the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of resource-based cities in China; understanding this relation is of great significance for the further promotion of the NEDC. For this purpose, the SBM-undesirable model is employed to measure GTFP. The propensity score matching and difference-in-difference (PSM-DID) model and the mediation effect model are also utilized to empirically examine the impact of the NEDC on GTFP across a dataset of 106 resource-based cities between 2005 and 2016. The empirical results indicate that the NEDC can significantly improve the GTFP of resource-based cities. After both counterfactual and common trend tests are performed, the research conclusion of this paper is still robust. Moreover, the NEDC promotes the GTFP of resource-based cities through structural effects, technological innovation effects, and fiscal support effects. Furthermore, the effect of the NEDC on GTFP is also affected by the regions, sizes, and types of the different resource-based cities. This research provides evidence for the ability of the NEDC to improve GTFP and optimize the spatial layout of new energy demonstration cities in resource-based cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anemone type, featuring prominent and colored in tubular florets, is an attractive flower shape in chrysanthemums and, thus, desired by breeders and consumers. Understanding the genetic basis of anemone type flowers in chrysanthemum is crucial for breeding success. The current study conducted nine cross combinations from seven parents to investigate segregation patterns, parental effect, and the relationships between the heterosis of six tubular floral traits and parental genetic distance. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among the parents and crosses in various tubular floral traits and transgressive segregation was observed in both directions for most traits. The broad-sense heritability of the tubular floral traits varied from hB2 = 0.47 to 0.92 across different crosses. The considerable variation occurred for almost floral traits, thus indicating the substantial potential for selecting lines with the desirable traits. The segregation ratio of anemone to non-anemone followed 3:1 in anemone × anemone crosses and 1:3 in either non-anemone × anemone or anemone × non-anemone crosses, except for two reciprocal crosses derived from the parents 'Nannong Xuefeng' and 'QX096'. The F1 hybrids' performance was more inclined towards a vulnerable parent and involved less influence of maternal or paternal effects, displaying some extended declines and negative mid-parent heterosis (MPH). The phenotypic genetic distance was significantly negatively correlated with MPH for floral traits except for style length and disk flower diameter. In contrast, we observed no significant correlation between molecular marker-based genetic distance and MPH for all floral characteristics. The findings of the current work provide insights into the complex inheritance pattern of flower types and help achieve desirable improvement in anemone type chrysanthemums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of industrial Internet security situation analysis, affected by the perception model, the average approximation error of security assessment results is high. Therefore, an industrial Internet security evaluation technology based on digital twin is proposed. Design the industrial Internet assessment mode, design the industrial Internet technical framework according to the digital twin, and clarify the elements of security situation assessment. According to the sliding time window, the fuzzy knowledge base is established. The security situation awareness model is designed based on digital twin, combined with the calculation results of fuzzy closeness to improve the accuracy of automatic perception results. Establish a multi port access protocol and realize the industrial Internet security evaluation technology under the digital twin with the help of the backed up coded key file. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the evaluation results of the design method is always above 95%, the tamper-proof success rate is always above 95%, and the physical value difference between the final values is 0.10. Therefore, this method effectively improves the evaluation accuracy. and tamper-proof success rate, reducing the difference value, it effectively controls the deviation of Internet operation data, provides security, is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There has been a controversy in the surgical approach for delayed acetabular fracture. The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility, surgical techniques, safety, and efficacy of periacetabular osteotomy using the single lateral‐rectus approach (LRA) for the surgical treatment of delayed acetabular fracture. Methods: The retrospective study included 22 patients (16 males and six females, with an average age of 45 years) with delayed acetabular fractures from June 2012 to June 2019. For all cases, periacetabular osteotomy was performed through the single LRA. Fracture classification, mechanism of injury, associated injury, time to surgery, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and complications were recorded and analyzed. The quality of the reduction was assessed based on Matta radiographic criteria. Potential impact factors affecting the quality of reduction were analyzed. Functional outcome was evaluated at the final follow‐up according to a modified Mere D'Aubigne‐Postel scoring system for each patient. Results: All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The duration of surgery was 140 min on average (110–205 min) and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 1250 ml (500–2100 ml). According to Matta radiographic criteria, the accuracy of reduction was "anatomical" in seven patients, "imperfect" in 11 patients, and "poor" in four patients, with an excellent and good rate of 81.8%. The time to surgery in poor reduction group was significantly longer than anatomical or imperfect reduction group (p < 0.05). All the acetabular fractures united after 8–12 weeks. The average modified Merle D'Aubigne‐Postel score evaluated at the final follow‐up was 14.6 (6–18), and the clinical outcomes were rated as excellent in six patients, good in 10 patients, fair in four patients, and poor in two patients, with an excellent and good rate of 72.7%. There were two cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (9%). No other complication was found for all cases. Conclusion: The LRA is an effective and minimally invasive approach in the treatment of delayed acetabular fractures excluding posterior wall fracture and posterior dislocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a critical component of intelligent transportation, which can improve transportation efficiency and promote road safety. To address security and privacy concerns in VANET, Zhong et al. presented a privacy-preserving authentication scheme. Furthermore, they stated that their scheme was secure and resistant to forgery attacks. However, in this article, we provide three different attack methods to demonstrate that their scheme is vulnerable to Type II attacks, coalition attacks, and universal forgery attacks. Hence, the security of their scheme cannot be guaranteed, and it cannot be deployed in a real-world VANET setting. To fix the security flaws, we give an improved scheme for revising their scheme. Our scheme retains the security properties of the original scheme, but the aggregate signature length is a fixed constant. Compared with related schemes, our enhanced scheme has a higher level of security and communication performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Makran subduction zone is very active with ∼38 mm yr−1 convergence rate and has experienced great earthquakes in the past. The latest great earthquake of 1945 M w 8.1 event also triggered a large tsunami and led to ∼4000 casualties. However, due to incomplete historical seismicity records and poor modern instrumentation, earthquake mechanism, co-seismic slip and tsunami characteristics in Makran remain unclear. On 2017 February 17, an M w 6.3 earthquake rattled offshore Pasni of Pakistan in the eastern Makran, marking the largest event after the 1945 M w 8.1 earthquake with good geodetic and geophysical data coverage. We use a combination of seismicity, multibeam bathymetry, seismic profile, InSAR measurements and tide-gauge observation to investigate the seismogenic structure, co-seismic deformation, tsunami characteristics of this event and its implication for future major earthquakes. Our results indicate that (1) the earthquake occurred on the shallow-dipping (3°–4°) megathrust; (2) the megathrust co-seismically slipped 15 cm and caused ∼2–4 cm ground subsidence and uplift at Pasni; (3) our tsunami modelling reproduces the observed 5-cm-high small tsunami waveforms. The Pasni earthquake rupture largely overlaps the 1945 slip patch and disturbs the west and east megathrust segments that have not ruptured yet at least since 1765. With such stress perturbation and possible stress evolution effect from the 1945 earthquake, the unruptured patches may fail in the future. This study calls for more preparedness in mitigating earthquake and associated hazards in the eastern Makran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-element layered materials have gained substantial attention in the context of achieving the customized light-matter interactions at subwavelength scale via stoichiometric engineering, which is crucial for the realization of miniaturized polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Herein, naturally occurring hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite is introduced as one new multi-element van der Waals (vdW) layered material. The mechanically exfoliated thin gerstleyite flakes are demonstrated to exhibit polarization-sensitive anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses including angle-resolved Raman scattering, anomalous wavelength-dependent linear dichroism transition, birefringence effect, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gerstleyite crystal is estimated by the probed flake thickness-dependent THG response. We envisage that our findings in the context of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in the exfoliated hydrated sulfosalt layers will be a valuable addition to the vdW layered material family and will have many implications in compact waveplates, on-chip photodetectors, optical sensors and switches, integrated photonic circuits, and nonlinear signal processing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radial neck fracture is a less common injury in childhood and many factors are associated with the final functional outcomes. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological results of the patients with radial neck fractures treated surgically and assess the potential risk factors for poor functional outcomes.Patients and Methods: This study enrolled 101 children with radial neck fracture and treated surgically at our department. Patients were followed up at least three years and assessed clinically and radiographically. The primary outcome of this study was the functional outcome assessed by using Metaizeau criteria and the secondary outcome was complications of radial head necrosis, postoperative radial nerve palsy, bone union, infection, and skin irritation. Related risk factors for unsatisfactory functional outcomes were recorded and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.Results: In total, 101 patients with 101 elbows (44 on the left side, 57 on the right side) were evaluated in our study, including 55 females (54.5%) and 46 males (45.5%), with a mean age of 7.5±2.7 years old (range, 3 to 14 years). There were 65.3% excellent (66 cases), 18.8% good (19 cases), 11.9% fair (12 cases), and 4.0% bad (4 cases) results in these patients. The rate of satisfactory outcome was 65.3% (66/101) and the rate of "unsatisfactory outcome" was 34.7% (35/101). Complications included postoperative radial nerve palsies in 15 cases (14.9%), radial head necrosis in 4 cases (4.0%), skin irritation due to the nail-end in 5 cases (5.0%), infection in 2 cases (2.0%), and bone nonunion in 1 patient (1.0%). Only Judet type (OR, 5.78; CI, 1.72-19.39, p=0.005) and surgical method (OR, 12.68; CI, 2.55-63.06, p=0.002) were independent risk factors for the unsatisfactory functional outcomes.Conclusions: Closed reduction with intramedullary fixation is a primary treatment for type III and IV radial neck fractures in children. Fracture severity classified as Judet type IV and open surgical method were independent predictors for unsatisfactory functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Drones (IoD) is considered as a network and management architecture, which can enable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect data in controlled areas and conduct access control for UAVs. However, the current cloud-assisted IoD scheme cannot efficiently achieve secure communication between heterogeneous cryptosystems, and does not support multi-ciphertext equality tests. To improve the security and performance of traditional schemes, we propose a heterogeneous signcryption scheme (HSC-MET) that supports multi-ciphertext equality test. In this paper, we use a multi-ciphertext equality test technique to achieve multi-user simultaneous retrieval of multiple ciphertexts safely and efficiently. In addition, we adopt heterogeneous signcryption technology to realize secure data communication from public key infrastructure (PKI) to certificateless cryptography (CLC). At the same time, the proposed scheme based on the computation without bilinear pairing, which greatly reduces the computational cost. According to the security and performance analysis, under the random oracle model (ROM), the confidentiality, unforgeability and number security of HSC-MET are proved based on the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Macrophage plays crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment, but its autocrine network and communications with tumor cell are still unclear.Methods: We acquired single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) (n = 30) and bulk RNA sequencing (n = 1480) samples of lung adenocarcinoma patients from previous literatures and publicly available databases. Various cell subtypes were identified, including macrophages. Differentially expressed ligand-receptor gene pairs were obtained to explore cell-to-cell communications between macrophages and tumor cells. Furthermore, a machine-learning predictive model based on ligand-receptor interactions was built and validated.Results: A total of 159,219 single cells (18,248 tumor cells and 29,520 macrophages) were selected in this study. We identified significantly correlated autocrine ligand-receptor gene pairs in tumor cells and macrophages, respectively. Furthermore, we explored the cell-to-cell communications between macrophages and tumor cells and detected significantly correlated ligand-receptor signaling pairs. We determined that some of the hub gene pairs were associated with patient prognosis and constructed a machine-learning model based on the intercellular interaction network.Conclusion: We revealed significant cell-to-cell communications (both autocrine and paracrine network) within macrophages and tumor cells in lung adenocarcinoma. Hub genes with prognostic significance in the network were also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel metamaterial plate with subwavelength lever-type resonators is proposed to obtain low frequency broadband band gaps and good sound insulation performance. The band structure is theoretically derived, and the validity of the theoretical method is verified by the finite element method. The formation mechanisms of the band gaps are illustrated by the analysis of the effective dynamic mass density and group velocity. The effect of the lever ratio on the band gaps is analyzed. The results indicate that as the lever ratio increases, the first band gap shifts to lower frequencies, while the bandwidth is widened. Moreover, the sound insulation performance of the proposed metamaterial plate is evaluated via examining the sound transmission loss (STL). Compared with the metamaterial plates without lever accessories, the proposed metamaterial plates with a suitable lever ratio have better sound insulation performance at low frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota are reduced in feces but paradoxically increased in plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which may stem from intestinal wall leakage. Gut function should be taken into consideration when conducting microbial‐metabolite research. Objective: The objective was to investigate synchronous changes of SCFAs in feces and plasma of patients with PD, taking constipation as a confounder to better disentangle the SCFA metabolism exclusively associated with PD. Methods: The concentrations of fecal and plasma SCFAs in 33 healthy control subjects and 95 patients with PD were measured using liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Patients with PD were divided into patients with PD without constipation (n = 35) and patients with PD with constipation (n = 60). Gut–blood barrier (GBB) permeability was assessed by plasma/fecal ratio of SCFA concentrations and fecal α1‐antitrypsin concentration. Results: Patients with PD displayed decreased concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, and butyric acid and increased concentrations of plasma acetic and propionic acid. Fecal acetic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acid were lower and plasma acetic and propionic acid were higher in patients with PD with constipation than in patients with PD without constipation. Constipation aggravated GBB permeability in patients with PD. Combined fecal and plasma SCFAs could discriminate patients with PD from healthy control subjects. Fecal SCFAs, except propionic acid, were negatively correlated with disease severity, while plasma acetic, propionic, and valeric acid showed a positive correlation. Conclusions: Our study showed alterations of fecal and plasma SCFAs in patients with PD that were associated with an impaired GBB and might be aggravated by constipation. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isothermal (IT) and non-isothermal (NIT) crystallization kinetics, morphology, and structure of poly(ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Avrami equation could well describe the overall IT crystallization process of ECTFE, and, furthermore, the overall crystallization rate decreased at higher crystallization temperatures (Tc). The equilibrium melting point for ECTFE was found to be 238.66 °C. The activation energies for IT and NIT crystallization were determined as −137.68 and −120.54 kJ/mol, respectively. The Jeziorny model fitted well with the initial stages of NIT melt crystallization, while deviations from linearity in the later stages of the process were due to the collisions of spherulites. Spherulites of ECTFE organized in a hexagonal crystal system were found. The relative crystalline degree of ECTFE under NIT conditions was about 54.55%, and this decreased with the increase in cooling rate. Moreover, the Ozawa and Mo models were suitable for modeling the overall NIT crystallization process of ECTFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oasification affected soil microbial community composition. • Six autotrophic carbon fixation pathways all existed in desert and oasis soils. • The rTCA cycle was the most common carbon fixation pathway. • Agricultural activities affected microbial carbon fixation by changing soil environment. Microbial carbon fixation has been proved to play a key role in soil carbon accumulation in arid desert oasis, but the fixation mechanism remains unclear. To solve it, we used metagenomic sequencing technology to measure the changes of soil microbial community structure, carbon fixation–related genes and carbon fixation pathway, as well as their relationships with soil properties between natural desert shrubbery (CK) and four oasis farmlands with different cultivation years (i.e., 3, 18 and 30 years) in the arid desert region of northwest China. The results showed that the contents of four soil carbon fraction (soil organic carbon/SOC, soil recalcitrant organic carbon/ROC, soil water solution carbon /WSC, and microbial biomass carbon/MBC) all significantly increased with the cultivation years (30 years ≥ 18 years > 6 years ≥ 3 years ≥ CK) (P < 0.05). Microbial composition was significant difference among CK, 3-, 6-, 18- and 30-years cultivated farmlands. Bacteria were the soil dominant taxa, and its relative abundance gradually decreased with the cultivation years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were the dominant phylum of soil microorganisms in desert shrubbery and oasis farmlands. Their relative abundance changed obviously with cultivation years. Six microbial carbon fixation pathways. i.e., the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA), dicarboxylate/4–hydroxybutyrate cycle (DC/4–HB cycle), 3–hydroxypropionate bicycle (3–HP bi–cycle), 3–hydroxypropionate/4–hydroxybutyrate cycle (3–HP/4–HB cycle), Calvin cycle and the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WL pathway), were found in all soils, but only the rTCA, DC/4–HB, 3–HP/4–HB cycles and WL pathway significantly changed with the cultivation years. The rTCA cycle was the most common fixation pathway, followed by DC/4–HB cycle and 3–HP/4–HB cycle, while WL pathway was least detected. Soil properties, especially p H, recalcitrant organic carbon, bulk density, total salinity and soil water contents, affected microbial community composition and carbon fixation–related genes in the oasification process. Our results suggested that oasification affected microbial carbon fixation by changing the soil environment due to human agricultural activities. Limited by energy supply in the nutrient–poor soils, rTCA and DC/4–HB cycles were mainly used by microorganisms to fix carbon in oasis farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sand physico-chemical properties exhibited distinct changes across the intertidal zones on island beaches. • Consistent patterns of variation were observed in macrofaunal diversity and functional groups across the intertidal zones. • Variations in macrofaunal communities on island beaches were primarily influenced by sand moisture, salinity, and nutrition. • Island beaches are not ecological deserts, they require careful protection. Island beaches, once mistakenly considered as 'ecological deserts', are actually unique ecosystems that support abundant macrofaunal communities. However, limited studies have examined the variations and determinants of macrofaunal communities across the intertidal zones on island beaches, which is crucial for shedding light on the underlying ecological processes and enhancing biodiversity conservation efforts. Here, we explored the variations in macrofaunal communities along sand physico-chemical gradient across four intertidal zones on nine representative beaches, within the largest land-bridge archipelago in eastern China. Our findings revealed that species richness, density, and Shannon-Wiener diversity of macrofaunal communities were notably higher in the lower intertidal zones, exhibiting a positive correlation with elevated levels of sand moisture (M), electrical conductivity (EC), available potassium (AK), and grain size (GS). Conversely, macrofaunal Simpson diversity displayed an inverse pattern, with heightened values observed in the vegetation zone. The Saprophagous, Predaceous, and Omnivorous groups of macrofaunal communities demonstrated an increase with higher levels of EC, AK, and M in the lower intertidal zones. Furthermore, Phytophagous group of macrofaunal communities tended to inhabit the vegetation zones characterized by elevated levels of sand total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and organic carbon (OC). Primarily, our findings indicate that sand nutrition, moisture, and salinity play pivotal roles in shaping the variations of macrofaunal communities on island beaches. These insights offer valuable perspectives into the holistic responses of macrofauna on island beaches to changes in sand physico-chemical properties, serving as a crucial theoretical foundation for the assessment, conservation, and restoration of island beaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetically sluggish electrochemical water splitting reaction still faces great challenges, and the rational design of excellent electrocatalysts is the key to solving the problem. Herein, an etching and pyrolysis strategy is employed to dope Ru into highly hollow nanocaged RuCo@C heterostructured catalysts using the metal–organic framework ZIF-67 as a template by adjusting the annealing temperature, which not only enhances the activity but also reduces the cost. Property studies show that the optimal heterostructured catalyst RuCo@C-350 presents outstanding electrocatalytic activities with low overpotentials to drive 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 91 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER, 230 mV) under alkaline conditions. Moreover, RuCo@C-350 demonstrates remarkable catalytic behavior for overall water splitting in a two-electrode system with 1.56 V to drive a 10 mA cm−2 current density in an alkaline electrolyte. The derived highly hollow heterostructure that exposes numerous active centers and accelerates the mass transportation and the strong synergistic coupling effect between the integrated components together improve the catalytic activity and stability of the composite catalyst. This work promotes an in-depth understanding of the rational construction of MOF template-induced bifunctional Ru-based electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannizzarite is a naturally occurring mineral formed by van der Waals (vdW) stacking of alternating layers of PbS-like and Bi2S3-like two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although the PbS-type and Bi2S3-type 2D material layers are structurally isotropic individually, the forced commensuration between these two types of layers while forming the heterostructure of cannizzarite induces strong structural anisotropy. Here we demonstrate the mechanical exfoliation of natural cannizzarite mineral to obtain thin vdW heterostructures of PbS-type and Bi2S3-type atomic layers. The structural anisotropy induced anisotropic optical properties of thin cannizzarite flakes are explored through angle-resolved polarized Raman scattering, linear dichroism, and polarization-dependent anisotropic third-harmonic generation. Our study establishes cannizzarite as a new natural vdW heterostructure-based 2D material with highly anisotropic optical properties for realizing polarization-sensitive linear and nonlinear photonic devices for future on-chip optical computing and optical information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics have gained attention with their unique ability to withstand stress deformations. However, stress makes significant impact on the electrical performance of the flexible devices. It is commonly believed that the stress imposed on the flexible device is only related to the bending curvature. Our study shows that the actual stress imposed on the device is not only related to the bending radius but also closely related to the device dimension. In this study, the effective stress of the device layer as well as the stress distributions are investigated, with the fundamental flexible diodes as representative examples. Flexible single-crystalline silicon p-i-n diodes are fabricated and measured under different bending curvature conditions. Then the dominant affecting factor of the flexible diodes with bending stress is extracted. 3D finite-element method (3D-FEM) stress distribution modeling is also employed to analyze the stress distributions and demonstrate that the effective stress of the device layer is closely and proportionally related to the device dimension. Furthermore, theoretical calculations are conducted to verify the FEM results and quantitatively show the relation between the stress and the dimension of the flexible devices. The analysis provides a guideline in the design of flexible electronics under bending conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-element layered materials have gained substantial attention in the context of achieving the customized light-matter interactions at subwavelength scale via stoichiometric engineering, which is crucial for the realization of miniaturized polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Herein, naturally occurring hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite is introduced as one new multi-element van der Waals (vdW) layered material. The mechanically exfoliated thin gerstleyite flakes are demonstrated to exhibit polarization-sensitive anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses including angle-resolved Raman scattering, anomalous wavelength-dependent linear dichroism transition, birefringence effect, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gerstleyite crystal is estimated by the probed flake thickness-dependent THG response. We envisage that our findings in the context of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in the exfoliated hydrated sulfosalt layers will be a valuable addition to the vdW layered material family and will have many implications in compact waveplates, on-chip photodetectors, optical sensors and switches, integrated photonic circuits, and nonlinear signal processing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are living in the era of genome editing. Nowadays, targeted editing of the plant nuclear DNA is prevalent in basic biological research and crop improvement since its first establishment a decade ago. However, achieving the same accomplishment for the plant mitochondrial genome has long been deemed impossible. Recently, the pioneer studies on editing plant mitogenome have been done using the mitochondria‐targeted transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (mitoTALENs) in rice, rapeseed, and Arabidopsis. It is well documented that mitochondria play essential roles in plant development and stress tolerance, particularly, in cytoplasmic male sterility widely used in production of hybrids. The success of mitochondrial genome editing enables studying the fundamentals of mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, mitochondrial RNA editing (mostly by nuclear‐encoded pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins) in a sequence‐specific manner can simultaneously change the production of translatable mitochondrial mRNA. Moreover, direct editing of the nuclear‐encoding mitochondria‐targeted factors required for plant mitochondrial genome dynamics and recombination may facilitate genetic manipulation of plant mitochondria. Here, the present state of knowledge on editing the plant mitochondrial genome is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of pyrene or pyrene‐o‐carborane‐appendant selenoviologens (Py‐SeV2+, Py‐Cb‐SeV2+) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron‐rich pyrene‐o‐carborane heterojunction (Py‐Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron‐deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s−1) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+•) compared with Py‐SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices' (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host–guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt‐NPs catalyst, the Py‐Cb‐SeV2+‐based system shows high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of pyrene or pyrene‐o‐carborane‐appendant selenoviologens (Py‐SeV2+, Py‐Cb‐SeV2+) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron‐rich pyrene‐o‐carborane heterojunction (Py‐Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron‐deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s−1) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+•) compared with Py‐SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices' (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host–guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt‐NPs catalyst, the Py‐Cb‐SeV2+‐based system shows high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Recent studies have shown that the expression level of triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) may be associated with the occurrence and metastasis of tumors, but the expression level of TPI1 and its effect on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are not yet clear. Methods. We comprehensively explored and validated the TPI1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma in public datasets. The associations of TPI1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were also studied in both histological types. Moreover, we analyzed the potential relations of TPI1 with immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in the tumor microenvironment based on previous literatures and bioinformatic tools. Results. We found that TPI1 was significantly overexpressed in LUAD and LUSC. Significant associations of TPI1 expression were observed regarding age, gender, and pathological stages in LUAD. However, similar trend was only found with respect to age in LUSC. The high expression of TPI1 was significantly associated with worse survival in LUAD, but not in LUSC. Furthermore, we explored the potential distribution and changes of TPI1 expression in tumor microenvironment. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed to identify possible roles of TPI1 in both lung cancers. Conclusions. TPI1 was overexpressed in both LUAD and LUSC. Increased TPI1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD and changed immune cell infiltrating in various degrees in both histological types. Our study provides insights in understanding the potential roles of TPI1 in tumor progression and immune microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maleimide-based luminophores bearing conjugated units are attracting intensive scientific interest as organic luminophores, owing to their excellent light emission properties and wide applications. In this article, after we synthesized amino-maleimide derivatives via a simple route, a series of amino-aryl-maleimide luminophores were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. The obtained luminophores show yellowish-green emission, and the emission maximum wavelength is from 534 nm to 547 nm. In particular, the obtained luminophores have large Stokes shifts (>100 nm) and the emission intensity in the solid state is stronger than that in solution with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). In addition, the amino-aryl-maleimide luminophores respond to the increasing polarity of various solvents and show a positive solvatochromic fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have proposed a goal-oriented iteration algorithm with adaptive error estimation for the 3-D modeling of the time-domain marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. The algorithm is based on finite-element time-domain (FETD) formulations, and it updates both the time step and the mesh size in a staggered manner. With this scheme, the computational error is well suppressed, and the efficiency of the FETD simulation is guaranteed by adaptive time-stepping within each iteration. The verification results of an electric dipole radiation model and a synthetic 1-D marine CSEM model have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves a fine balance between computational accuracy and efficiency. Through numerical examples incorporated with stratum anisotropy and seafloor topography, we further conclude that both background anisotropy and topography impede the identification of submarine high-resistivity bodies with the electric field response. Contrarily, the time derivative of the magnetic field is sensitive to high-resistivity reservoirs over an extensive period of time in both anisotropic and topographic models. Based on this, we suggest that the magnetic field should be collected along with the electric field over the whole target area to reveal the anisotropic structure of submarine sediments and the existence of oil and gas reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dilute-to-dense transition of granular flow in silo has been investigated by researchers, yet a detailed particle-scale description of this transition is still lacking. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM) simulations are performed to investigate the dynamics of particles during this transition process through adjusting the inflow rate at the upper inlet. Based on Voronoi tessellation, the concept of caged particles is introduced to characterize the microscopic packing details of particles inside the silo. The analyses of probability density functions (PDFs) of vertical velocity and local packing fraction of particle in the proximity of outlet suggest that the dilute flow regime can be divided into two sub-stages (stage I and stage II). And the transition from stage I to stage II is manifested by the formation of persistent connection between the left and right clusters made of caged particles. It is found that for the dilute-to-dense transition process under fixed inflow rate condition, there exist two well defined critical packing heights that scale with the outlet size. Dynamic buildup and collapse of contact force network astride the whole outlet take place when the packing height of particle assembly at the centerline is in between these two critical heights. The simulation results thus suggest that the formation of a persistent contact force network spanning the whole outlet signals the transition of flow state from the dilute to dense. [Display omitted] • The dilute-to-dense transition of particle flow in silo is modeled through DEM simulation. • The dilute flow stage can be further divided into two substages. • The connection between clusters of caged particles manifests the transition of substages. • Dilute-to-dense transition is signed by the formation of contact network astride the outlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A distributed multi-time scale voltage control strategy is proposed, that combines distributed control with data-driven SOP. • This DRL method only needs local information to make decisions in the actual control process. • A partition scheme that fits the reactive power compensation capability of SOP is designed. In the context of the increasing penetration level of photovoltaic energy, its intermittence and randomness bring challenges such as voltage over-limit and increased network loss to the distribution network. The paper proposes a real-time two-time-scale voltage regulation method with soft open point (SOP) to solve the reactive power optimization problem. To obtain hourly scheduling strategies for on-load tap changers and switchable capacitor banks, the centralized optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer second-order cone programming in the first stage. In the second stage, the active distribution system is divided into multiple subsystems according to the proposed partitioning method, and the SOP is regulated to adjust the voltage in real-time through an effective control strategy and local measurement information of the subsystems. The proposed method takes full account of the randomness of photovoltaic, and can conduct distributed real-time voltage regulation in the active distribution system based on the rapid and continuous response of SOP. Compared with traditional methods, this method has lower communication costs, better real-time performance, and does not dependent on an accurate power flow model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 123-bus simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible microwave passive components play an important role in flexible integrated circuits, especially for high-speed wireless communication systems. It is clear that bending can have a significant impact on the flexible components' performance. However, an analysis of the physical mechanisms of flexible microwave passive components under mechanical bending conditions has not been completed. In this paper, we describe a study of the performance variations and operating mechanisms of flexible microwave inductors and capacitors under mechanical bending conditions. Flexible spiral inductors and metal-insulator-metal capacitors of various dimensions were fabricated on plastic substrates and measured under different mechanical bending conditions. Modeling of the flexible components was conducted. The influence of mechanical bending on flexible inductors and capacitors was characterized based on experimental and modeled results. The underlying operational mechanisms of flexible inductors and capacitors under bending conditions are discussed using the distributions of the electric and magnetic fields from the model. In addition, the performance variations with different component parameters (e.g. the metal and substrate materials, the thicknesses of the metals and dielectrics) were studied under bending conditions. The results are helpful for the use of flexible microwave passive components in flexible microwave monolithic integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin ternary 2D materials have recently gained significant attention in the context of tailoring physical properties of materials via stoichiometric variation, which are crucial to many applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and nanophotonics. Herein, sulfide mineral getchellite is identified as a new type of ternary layered material and large‐area getchellite thin flakes are prepared through mechanical exfoliation. The highly anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses of getchellite thin flakes facilitated by the reduced in‐plane crystal symmetry are reported, including anisotropic Raman scattering, wavelength‐dependent linear dichroism transition, and anisotropic third‐harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility for getchellite crystal is retrieved from the thickness‐dependent THG emission. The demonstrated strong anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties of van der Waals layered getchellite will have implications for future technological innovations in photodetectors, optical sensors, nonlinear optical signal processors, and other on‐chip photonic device prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-element layered materials enable the use of stoichiometric variation to engineer their optical responses at subwavelength scale. In this regard, naturally occurring van der Waals minerals allow us to harness a wide range of chemical compositions, crystal structures and lattice symmetries for layered materials under atomically thin limit. Recently, one type of naturally occurring sulfide mineral, ternary teallite has attained significant interest in the context of thermoelectric, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications, but understanding of light-matter interactions in such ternary teallite crystals is scarcely available. Herein, polarization-dependent linear and nonlinear optical responses in mechanically exfoliated teallite crystals are investigated including anisotropic Raman modes, wavelength-dependent linear dichroism, optical band gap evolution, and anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of teallite crystal is estimated using the thickness-dependent THG emission process. We anticipate that our findings will open the avenue to a better understanding of the tailored light-matter interactions in complex multi-element layered materials and their implications in optical sensors, frequency modulators, integrated photonic circuits, and other nonlinear signal processing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]