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Background With the aim of addressing the difficulty in identifying temperatures in virtual chemistry experiments, we propose a temperature-sensing simulation method of virtual chemistry experiments. Methods We construct a virtual chemistry experiment temperature simulation platform, based on which a wearable temperature generation device is developed. The typical middle school virtual experiments of concentrated sulfuric acid dilution and ammonium nitrate dissolution are conducted to verify the actual effect of the device. Results The platform is capable to indicate near real-world experimental situations. The performance of the device not only meets the temperature sensing characteristics of human skin, but also matches the temperature change of virtual chemistry experiments in real-time. Conclusions It is demonstrated that this temperature-sensing simulation method can represent exothermic or endothermic chemistry experiments, which is beneficial for students to gain understanding of the principles of thermal energy transformation in chemical reactions, thus avoiding the danger that may be posed in the course of traditional teaching of chemistry experiments effectively. Although this methoddoes not have a convenient enough operation for users, the immersion of virtual chemical experiments can be enhanced.

As an important method for humans to perceive their environment, touch has not been fully integrated into virtual reality technology. Existing tactile feedback devices have the problem of being large and expensive, and most studies have not explored the ability of the affected area to distinguish an external stimulus, thus it is difficult to perform natural human-computer interactions. This article describes the development of a device that can transmit multimodal tactile information in accordance with the characteristics of human hand skin perception during a human-computer interaction. The device has 10 miniature vibrators ( $\Phi =10$ mm, d=2.7 mm) and 2 semiconductor refrigerators (23 mm $\times23$ mm $\times4$ mm), which can achieve temperature and vibration feedback. First, the structure and working principle of the device were introduced, and the device’s performance was analyzed. Subsequently, an experiment based on the perception characteristics of human hand skin was designed. The experiment determined the vibration level (1-5), heating level (I-IV), and cooling level (I-III) that are consistent with the perception characteristics of the hand skin. Finally, a chemical experiment was designed to test the performance of the device. The results of the experiment showed that 92% of the volunteers thought the device had a higher sense of authenticity and immersion than the traditional virtual reality experience.

Privātskološanas izplatība politikas veidotājiem rada grūtības. Ķīnas “Dubultās samazināšanas” politika paredz samazināt privātskološanu, lai atvieglotu slodzi skolēniem. Šī darba mērķis ir atrast galvenos cēloņus, kāpēc vecākiem ir trauksme par savu bērnu izglītību, meklējot saistību starp privātskološanu un vecāku satraukumu par bērnu izglītību. Pētījums ir balstīts uz literatūras izpēti un anketu, kurā piedalījās 656 vecāki, kuru bērni ir 1. līdz 12. klases skolēni Ķīnā. Rezultāti liecina, ka vecākiem jau bija raksturīga konkurences psiholoģija, un vecāku trauksme par bērnu izglītību vairāk veicina privātskološanas uzplaukumu, nevis privātskološana rada vecāku trauksmi par bērnu izglītību. Nav teikts, ka privātskološanas samazināšana samazinās slodzi skolēniem, jo vecāki jūtas bezspēcīgi mainīt konkurējošo izglītības vidi. Politikas veidotājiem tiek ieteikts meklēt citas metodes, lai mazinātu spiedienu uz skolēniem., The prevalence of private tutoring brings difficulties to policymakers. The Chinese “Double Reduction” policy intends to reduce private tutoring for easing the burden on students. This paper aims to find the main causes of parents’ educational anxiety, searching the relations between private tutoring and parents' educational anxiety. The study is based on literature research and a questionnaire of 656 parents whose children were largely k-12 students in China. The results show that competitive psychology already existed in parents, and parents' educational anxiety contributes more to the prosperity of private tutoring rather than private tutoring creating parents’ educational anxiety. It can be argued that reducing private tutoring could not certainly reduce the burden on students, because parents feel powerless to change the competitive environment. It is suggested that policymakers should find other measures to reduce students’ pressure.

We report a 15-year-old male patient with recurrent epileptic seizures for 12 years. Oral multiple drugs do not work well to his condition. MRI FLAIR scans revealed focal cortical dysplasia type II in the right parietal lobe. The diagnosis of the patient was drug-refractory epilepsy, FCD-related secondary epilepsy. According to the shape of the FCD lesion, electrodes were implanted in a tapered pattern along the bottom of the sulcus to completely destroy the focus. Magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after surgery revealed that the FCD at the sulcus bottom was completely destroyed. After 26 months of follow-up, the patient had undergone no epileptic seizures, reaching Engel class I. For FCD that are located deep in the brain and adjacent to functional areas, craniotomy has a high risk. And stereoelectroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation may be a preferred treatment.