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In this paper, based on a layered metastructure, a tunable encoder capable of circular dichroism (CD) and polarization conversion (PC) is researched, which contains one common medium, magnetized plasma, and yttrium iron garnet (YIG). The linear polarization waves (LPWs) are elected as incident waves. The incident angle and external magnetic field intensity are θ and HO. A modulable dielectric layer (MDL), composed of YIG, is optionally added to the preceding item of the given metastructure, which owns a certain thickness. By adjusting the proper θ, HO, and adding the MDL, the CD can be obtained at a certain frequency point, where the right-handed circular polarization waves (CPWs) and left-handed CPWs have different reflections. Meanwhile, the LPWs can be converted to CPWs or other polarization waves in a specific frequency band. Furthermore, the θ and addition of the MDL are considered as the first and second logic levels, respectively, to form four logic codes, which can realize the PC from LPWs to CPWs or LPWs within the same specific frequency band. Hence, the designed encoder has a promising potential in the precise control of PC in the special bandwidth, which can provide excellent support for the research of tunable and diverse polarization splitters and selectors.

Abstract Objective To construct the deep learning convolution neural network (CNN) model and machine learning support vector machine (SVM) model of bone remodeling of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) based on CT image data to improve the accuracy of image diagnosis. Methods Maxillary sinus CT data of 1000 samples in 500 patients from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital was collected. The first part is the establishment and testing of chronic maxillary sinusitis detection model by 461 images. The second part is the establishment and testing of the detection model of chronic maxillary sinusitis with bone remodeling by 802 images. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) value of the test set were recorded, respectively. Results Preliminary application results of CT based AI in the diagnosis of chronic maxillary sinusitis and bone remodeling. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test set of 93 samples of CMS, were 0.9796, 0.8636 and 0.9247, respectively. Simultaneously, the value of AUC was 0.94. And the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the test set of 161 samples of CMS with bone remodeling were 0.7353, 0.9685 and 0.9193, respectively. Simultaneously, the value of AUC was 0.89. Conclusion It is feasible to use artificial intelligence research methods such as deep learning and machine learning to automatically identify CMS and bone remodeling in MSCT images of paranasal sinuses, which is helpful to standardize imaging diagnosis and meet the needs of clinical application.

Gut microbiota has been implicated in the initiation and progression of various diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective therapeutic strategies are scarce. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in TNBS-induced colitis and its associated kidney injury while evaluating the potential of dietary protein as a therapeutic intervention. The intrarectal administration of TNBS induced colitis in mice, concurrently with kidney damage. Interestingly, this effect was absent when TNBS was administered intraperitoneally, indicating a potential role of gut microbiota. Depletion of gut bacteria with antibiotics significantly attenuated the severity of TNBS-induced inflammation, oxidative damage, and tissue injury in the colon and kidneys. Mechanistic investigations using cultured colon epithelial cells and bone-marrow macrophages unveiled that TNBS induced cell oxidation, inflammation and injury, which was amplified by the bacterial component LPS and mitigated by thiol antioxidants. Importantly, in vivo administration of thiol-rich whey protein entirely prevented TNBS-induced colonic and kidney injury. Our findings suggest that gut bacteria significantly contribute to the initiation and progression of colitis and associated kidney injury, potentially through mechanisms involving LPS-induced exaggeration of oxidative cellular damage. Furthermore, our research highlights the potential of dietary thiol antioxidants as preventive and therapeutic interventions.

The Janus metastructure (JMS) is constructed in a special way so that the electromagnetic waves (EWs) propagate in the artificially constructed metastructure from different directions, which can show different electromagnetic characteristics and present a variety of functions at the same time. Its research is of great significance for breaking through the development bottleneck of traditional single-scale and single-function devices and can serve numerous novel application scenarios. This review discusses the design and research progress of JMS from three aspects: construction method, function realization, and application scenario. Finally, we discuss the key challenges currently facing the JMS and offer a vision for future research directions. We sincerely hope that this review will not only provide new insights into the development of JMS, which is a promising and dynamic hot research area but also promote research in this area from a more diverse and comprehensive perspective.

High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases, yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown. Rat models of acute hypertension ocular pressure were established by injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow®). Single-cell RNA sequencing was then used to describe the cellular composition and molecular profile of the retina following high intraocular pressure. Our results identified a total of 12 cell types, namely retinal pigment epithelial cells, rod-photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, Müller cells, microglia, cone-photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, endothelial cells, retinal progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, pericytes, and fibroblasts. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure revealed obvious changes in the proportions of various retinal cells, with ganglion cells decreased by 23%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining confirmed the damage to retinal ganglion cells under high intraocular pressure. We extracted data from retinal ganglion cells and analyzed the retinal ganglion cell cluster with the most distinct expression. We found upregulation of the B3gat2 gene, which is associated with neuronal migration and adhesion, and downregulation of the Tsc22d gene, which participates in inhibition of inflammation. This study is the first to reveal molecular changes and intercellular interactions in the retina under high intraocular pressure. These data contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanism of retinal injury induced by high intraocular pressure and will benefit the development of novel therapies.

Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.

Resolution capability of the linear structured illumination microscopy (SIM) plays a key role in its applications in physics, medicine, biology, and life science. Many advanced methodologies have been developed to extend the resolution of structured illumination by using subdiffraction-limited optical excitation patterns. However, obtaining SIM images with a resolution beyond 40 nm at visible frequency remains as an insurmountable obstacle due to the intrinsic limitation of spatial frequency bandwidth of the involved materials and the complexity of the illumination system. Here, a low-loss natural organic hyperbolic material (OHM) that can support record high spatial-frequency modes beyond 50k0 , i.e., effective refractive index larger than 50, at visible frequencies is reported. OHM-based speckle structured illumination microscopy demonstrates imaging resolution at 30 nm scales with enhanced fluorophore photostability, biocompatibility, easy to use and low cost. This study will open up a new route in super-resolution microscopy by utilizing OHM films for various applications including bioimaging and sensing.