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A neural signature of serial dependence has been found, which mirrors the attractive bias of visual information seen in behavioral experiments.

Non-contact optical temperature measurement has attracted intense attention in recent years due to its advantages of high speed and high safety. In this work, a Lu2WO6:Er3+ phosphor was successfully prepared by a solid state reaction. The effective energy transfer from the [WO6]6− group to Er3+ was proved using the emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime measurements, with an estimated transfer efficiency of 51%. Benefiting from the self-luminescence of the [WO6]6− group, optical thermometry was established based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of [WO6]6− emission to Er3+ emission. Remarkably, strong emission color variability from blue to green was observed under 320 nm UV excitation as the temperature increases from 298 K to 548 K, while an opposite trend from green to cyan is observed under 378 nm UV excitation. The maximum relative sensitivity (SR Max) is 3.37% K−1 (298 K), which is highly superior to most of the previously reported values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, is characterized by insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of insulin resistance in linking T2DM and periodontitis remain poorly elucidated due to the absence of an appropriate T2DM cell model. We aimed to explore an appropriate model of T2DM in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and uncover the involved mechanisms. Materials and Methods: hPDLSCs were incubated with common reagents for recapitulating insulin resistance state including high glucose (HG) (15, 25, 35, 45 mM), glucosamine (0.8, 8, 18, 28, 38 mM), or palmitic acid (PA; 100, 200, 400, 800 μM), combined with LPS for 48 h. The insulin signaling pathway, inflammation, and pyroptosis were detected by western blots and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The effects on osteogenesis were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, RT–qPCR, and western blots. Results: HG failed to recapitulate insulin resistance. Glucosamine was sufficient to induce insulin resistance but failed to trigger inflammation. In total, 100 and 200 μM PA exhibited the most proinflammatory, insulin resistance, and pyroptosis induced role, and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Conclusion: Palmitic acid is a promising candidate for developing T2DM model in hPDLSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipotoxicity refers to the accumulation of lipids in tissues other than adipose tissue (body fat). It is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the progression of diabetes complications such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathy. Accumulating evidence indicates that lipotoxicity also contributes significantly to the toxic effects of diabetes on periodontitis. Therefore, we reviewed the current in vivo, in vitro, and clinical evidence of the detrimental effects of lipotoxicity on periodontitis, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, especially oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, ceramides, adipokines, and programmed cell death pathways. By elucidating potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity and describing their associated mechanisms and clinical outcomes, including metformin, statins, liraglutide, adiponectin, and omega‐3 PUFA, this review seeks to provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment framework against diabetes‐associated periodontitis. Furthermore, the challenges and future research directions are proposed, aiming to contribute to a more profound understanding of the impact of lipotoxicity on periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well test model identification is a challenging task due to the numerous types of well test interpretation models and the non-uniqueness of pressure responses generated by different reservoir models. An automated framework is crucial to aid in the identification of well test interpretation models. Since the identification of well test interpretation relies primarily on the various flow regimes appeared on different diagnostic plots. A novel approach is proposed for the well test model identification from the pressure transient test data using the syntactic pattern recognition in this study. In this study, the identification process of well test interpretation model is divided into six steps: preprocessing, feature primitive extraction, curve shape tracking, flow regime division, model preliminary inference, and model final validation incorporating TDS technology. The automatic identification framework developed with this method has been able to identify a variety of complex well test interpretation models correctly, and the non-uniqueness of model results can be well resolved by syntactic pattern recognition combined with TDS technology. In general, the findings of this study can help for better understanding of the process by which well test expert completes the task of model identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitobiose (COS2) efficiently lowers lipids in vivo and facilitates butyric acid enrichment during human fecal fermentation. However, whether COS2 can interact with butyric acid to generate a hypolipidemic effect remains unclear. This study examined the hypolipidemic mechanism of COS2 involving butyric acid, which could alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results revealed that COS2 administration modulated the β-oxidation pathway in the liver and restructured the short chain fatty acids in the fecal of ob/ob−/− mice. Moreover, the hypolipidemic effect of COS2 and its specific accumulated metabolite butyric acid was verified in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells. Butyric acid was more effective to reverse lipid accumulation and up-regulate β-oxidation pathway at lower concentrations. Furthermore, structural analysis suggested that butyric acid formed hydrogen bonds with key residues in hydrophilic ligand binding domains (LBDs) of PPARα and activated the transcriptional activity of the receptor. Therefore, the potential mechanism behind the lipid-lowering effect of COS2 in vivo involved restoring hepatic lipid disorders via butyric acid accumulation and liver–gut axis signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]