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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2004.10.004 Byline: Yuan-Chieh Chang (a), Ming-Huei Chen (b), Mingshu Hua (c), Phil Y. Yang (d) Keywords: Higher education institution; Academic innovation; Patenting and licensing; University-industry partnership; Firm incubation Abstract: Since the passage of the Science and Technology Basic Law in 1999, Taiwanese universities have taken a more 'scientific-economic' approach to protect and commercialize their research. This research mainly examines innovation activities such as patenting, licensing, and incubated startups in the context of Taiwanese higher education institutions (HEIs). The 'scientific-economic' framework used to analyze the strategic aspects influencing these academic innovations includes (1) intellectual property managerial capabilities, (2) the strength of external industrial partnerships, (3) the university entrepreneurial orientation, and (4) government research policy. Four hypotheses were developed. Data were collected via a questionnaire with all 122 HEIs in Taiwan surveyed. The research reveals that the aspects of intellectual property managerial capability, HEI-industry partnerships, and academic entrepreneurial orientation are useful to distinguish the university's innovation performance on patent grants, licensing incomes, and firm incubation. Also, government support on research plays a moderating role in academic innovation. Managerial and policy implications for managing innovation effectively in universities were drawn. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C. (b) Graduate Institute of Technology & Innovation Management, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, R.O.C. (c) Department of International Business Studies, National Chi Nan University, 1, University Road, Puli, Nantou, Taiwan 545, R.O.C. (d) International Business Department, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 11, Buzih Lane, Beitun District, Taichung, Taiwan 406, R.O.C. Article History: Received 17 May 2004; Revised 18 October 2004; Accepted 19 October 2004

Development of empirical model, for analysis of management of intellectual property as part of university-industry partnership in Taiwan, is described. Policies of Taiwanese government with regard to firm incubation are discussed.

How to effectively utilize and leverage academic knowledge has become a concern for university leaders and faculty, firms and policymakers alike. A questionnaire survey of 122 Taiwanese universities confirms that the "cognitive-governance" orientation of universities has gradually shifted from the "scientific-government" to a more "scientific-economic" one since the Science and Technology Basic Law was enacted in 1999. For Taiwanese universities, intellectual property infrastructure build-up, patenting and licensing activities have been steadily enhanced. The survey also reveals that the transfer of knowledge from universities to industry is largely dependent on short-term, personal and contract-based mechanisms, rather than on long-term, formal organizational, and joint capability development mechanisms. These conclusions have managerial and policy implications for capitalizing academic knowledge, not only in Taiwan but in other economies as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the preliminary results of patenting and licensing activities in Taiwanese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) from 1997 to 2001. We propose a framework to analyse the influence of a university's internal Intellectual Property Right (IPR) management and external research partnerships on creating income through patenting and licensing. Through a postal questionnaire survey, all 122 HEIs in Taiwan were surveyed. The empirical results demonstrate that internalised IPR management capability and external research partnerships have substantially increased the amount of academic patents and licensing income. The paper reveals that the relation between external research partnership and patterns of academic licensing is moderated by industry research funding, towards more domestic and partner-oriented licensing. This has crucial policy implications for enhancing effective national triple-helix interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]