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BackgroundEndoscopic examination is a popular and routine procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Skilled endoscopists are in great demand in clinical practice, but the training process for beginners to become endoscopy specialists is fairly long. Convenience and a self-paced, learner-centered approach make electronic learning (e-learning) an excellent instructional prospect. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and apply an e-learning system in gastroscopy teaching and learning and to evaluate its effectiveness and user satisfaction. MethodsThe e-learning software Gastroscope Roaming System was developed for primary learners. The system simulates the real structure of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract to teach the main characteristics of gastroscopy under both normal conditions and conditions of common UGI tract diseases. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated to an e-learning group (EG)or a non–e-learning control group after a pretest. On completing the training, participants undertook a posttest and gastroscopy examination. In addition, the EG completed a satisfaction questionnaire. ResultsOf the 44 volunteers, 41 (93%) completed the gastroscopy learning and testing components. No significant pretest differences were found between the intervention and control groups (mean 50.86, SD 6.12 vs mean 50.76, SD 6.88; P=.96). After 1 month of learning, the EG’s posttest scores were higher (mean 83.70, SD 5.99 vs mean 78.76, SD 7.58; P=.03) and improved more (P=.01) than those of the control group, with better performance in the gastroscopy examination (mean 91.05, SD 4.58 vs mean 84.38, SD 5.19; P

A short peptide termed NEMO‐binding domain (NBD) peptide has an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB). Despite its efficacy in inhibiting inflammatory responses, the precise neuroprotective mechanisms of NBD peptide in spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. This study aims to determine whether the pyroptosis‐related aspects involved in the neuroprotective effects of NBD peptide post‐SCI.Using RNA sequencing, the molecular mechanisms of NBD peptide in SCI are explored. The evaluation of functional recovery is performed using the Basso mouse scale, Nissl staining, footprint analysis, Masson's trichrome staining, and HE staining. Western blotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence assays are used to examine pyroptosis, autophagy, lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), and the NF‐κB/p38‐MAPK related signaling pathway.NBD peptide mitigated glial scar formation, reduced motor neuron death, and enhanced functional recovery in SCI mice. Additionally, NBD peptide inhibits pyroptosis, ameliorate LMP‐induced autophagy flux disorder in neuron post‐SCI. Mechanistically, NBD peptide alleviates LMP and subsequently enhances autophagy by inhibiting ASMase through the NF‐κB/p38‐MAPK/Elk‐1/Egr‐1 signaling cascade, thereby mitigating neuronal death. NBD peptide contributes to functional restoration by suppressing ASMase‐mediated LMP and autophagy depression, and inhibiting pyroptosis in neuron following SCI, which may have potential clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of wind power generation in recent years, the demand for detecting weak signals of wind turbine faults has become more urgent. This paper introduces a novel memristor chaotic circuit constructed based on third-order magnetically memristors. The Melnikov chaotic condition of this circuit is analyzed, and its dynamical characteristics are studied through phase trajectory diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and Poincaré maps. Leveraging the initial value sensitivity and noise immunity of chaotic systems, the memristor chaotic circuit is employed for the detection of weak signals in wind turbine faults. Using the chaotic system state transition method, we find the threshold for the circuit state to transition from chaotic state to large-scale periodic state, adjust the parameters to make the system in a critical state, input the wind turbine fault vibration signal, and detect the fault signal based on its state transition. Subsequently, the chaotic resonance method is employed, introducing the signal under test, which contains high-intensity chaotic noise, into this novel memristive circuit. This results in chaotic resonance, causing the noise components to be concentrated toward the frequency region where the weak signal under test is located, thereby enhancing the fault signal and facilitating fault identification. The results indicate that this novel memristor chaotic circuit possesses advantages such as high accuracy, strong noise immunity, straightforward operation, and clear judgment in the field of weak signal detection. This circuit shows promising applications in the field of weak signal detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling between neurons can lead to diverse neural network architectures, with the Hopfield neural network (HNN) being particularly noteworthy for its resemblance to human brain function and its potential in modeling chaotic systems. This paper introduces a novel approach: a fractional-order HNN coupled with a hyperbolic tangent-type memristor. Initially, we propose a new model for the hyperbolic tangent-type memristor and fingerprints. Subsequently, we construct a memristor-coupled fractional-order Hopfield neural network (mFOHNN) and explore its dynamic behavior using various analytical tools, including phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagrams, Poincaré maps, and attractor basins. Our findings reveal rich coexisting bifurcation behavior in the neural network model, influenced by different initial values of coexisting attractors. Finally, we validate the model through analysis and implementation using Multisim circuit simulation software and FPGA hardware, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing and treating avascular necrosis at the distal end of the flaps are critical to surgery success, but current treatments are not ideal. A recent study shows that apoptotic bodies (ABs) generated near the site of apoptosis can be taken up and promote cell proliferation. The study reveals that ABs derived from fibroblast‐like cells in the subcutaneous connective tissue (FSCT cells) of skin flaps promoted ischaemic flap survival. It is also found that ABs inhibited cell death and oxidative stress and promoted M1‐to‐M2 polarization in macrophages. Transcriptome sequencing and protein level testing demonstrated that ABs promoted ischaemic flap survival in endothelial cells and macrophages by inhibiting ferroptosis via the KEAP1‐Nrf2 axis. Furthermore, microRNA (miR) sequencing data and in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ABs inhibited KEAP1 by delivering miR‐339‐5p to exert therapeutic effects. In conclusion, FSCT cell‐derived ABs inhibited ferroptosis, promoted the macrophage M1‐to‐M2 transition via the miR‐339‐5p/KEAP1/Nrf2 axis and promoted ischaemic flap survival. These results provide a potential therapeutic strategy to promote ischaemic flap survival by administering ABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]