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Underwater target localization uses real-time sensory measurements to estimate the position of underwater objects of interest, providing critical feedback information for underwater robots. While acoustic sensing is the most acknowledged method in underwater robots and possibly the only effective approach for long-range underwater target localization, such a sensing modality generally suffers from low resolution, high cost and high energy consumption, thus leading to a mediocre performance when applied to close-range underwater target localization. On the other hand, optical sensing has attracted increasing attention in the underwater robotics community for its advantages of high resolution and low cost, holding a great potential particularly in close-range underwater target localization. However, most existing studies in underwater optical sensing are restricted to specific types of targets due to the limited training data available. In addition, these studies typically focus on the design of estimation algorithms and ignore the influence of illumination conditions on the sensing performance, thus hindering wider applications in the real world. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a novel target localization method that assimilates both optical and acoustic sensory measurements to estimate the 3D positions of close-range underwater targets. A test platform with controllable illumination conditions is designed and developed to experimentally investigate the proposed multi-modal sensing approach. A large vision model is applied to process the optical imaging measurements, eliminating the requirement for training data acquisition, thus significantly expanding the scope of potential applications. Extensive experiments are conducted, the results of which validate the effectiveness of the proposed underwater target localization method.

The rapid accumulation of Earth observation data presents a formidable challenge for the processing capabilities of traditional remote sensing desktop software, particularly when it comes to analyzing expansive geographical areas and prolonged temporal sequences. Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative solution, surmounting the barriers traditionally associated with the management and computation of voluminous datasets. This paper introduces the Analytical Insight of Earth (AI Earth), an innovative remote sensing intelligent computing cloud platform, powered by the robust Alibaba Cloud infrastructure. AI Earth provides an extensive collection of publicly available remote sensing datasets, along with a suite of computational tools powered by a high-performance computing engine. Furthermore, it provides a variety of classic deep learning (DL) models and a novel remote sensing large vision segmentation model tailored to different recognition tasks. The platform enables users to upload their unique samples for model training and to deploy third-party models, thereby increasing the accessibility and openness of DL applications. This platform will facilitate researchers in leveraging remote sensing data for large-scale applied research in areas such as resources, environment, ecology, and climate.

Recently, \citeauthor*{akbari2021locality}~(ICALP 2023) studied the locality of graph problems in distributed, sequential, dynamic, and online settings from a {unified} point of view. They designed a novel $O(\log n)$-locality deterministic algorithm for proper 3-coloring bipartite graphs in the $\mathsf{Online}$-$\mathsf{LOCAL}$ model. In this work, we establish the optimality of the algorithm by showing a \textit{tight} deterministic $\Omega(\log n)$ locality lower bound, which holds even on grids. To complement this result, we have the following additional results: \begin{enumerate} \item We show a higher and {tight} $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$ lower bound for 3-coloring toroidal and cylindrical grids. \item Considering the generalization of $3$-coloring bipartite graphs to $(k+1)$-coloring $k$-partite graphs, %where $k \geq 2$ is a constant, we show that the problem also has $O(\log n)$ locality when the input is a $k$-partite graph that admits a \emph{locally inferable unique coloring}. This special class of $k$-partite graphs covers several fundamental graph classes such as $k$-trees and triangular grids. Moreover, for this special class of graphs, we show a {tight} $\Omega(\log n)$ locality lower bound. \item For general $k$-partite graphs with $k \geq 3$, we prove that the problem of $(2k-2)$-coloring $k$-partite graphs exhibits a locality of $\Omega(n)$ in the $\onlineLOCAL$ model, matching the round complexity of the same problem in the $\LOCAL$ model recently shown by \citeauthor*{coiteux2023no}~(STOC 2024). Consequently, the problem of $(k+1)$-coloring $k$-partite graphs admits a locality lower bound of $\Omega(n)$ when $k\geq 3$, contrasting sharply with the $\Theta(\log n)$ locality for the case of $k=2$. \end{enumerate}

We study the sea quark contributions to the electromagnetic form factors of $\Sigma$ baryons with nonlocal chiral effective theory. Both octet and decuplet intermediate states are included in the one loop calculation. $G_{\Sigma^{-}}^{u}$ and $G_{\Sigma^{+}}^{d}$ could be priority observables for the examination of sea quark contributions to baryon structure because these quantities are much larger than the strange form factors of nucleon. It will be less difficult for lattice simulation to determine the sign of these pure sea quark contributions unambiguously. In $\Sigma^0$, the light sea quark form factors $G_{\Sigma^{0}}^{u}$ and $G_{\Sigma^{0}}^{d}$ are identical. Since the light sea quark form factors in proton are different, it will be more meaningful to compare lattice result of the light sea quark form factors in $\Sigma^0$ with that obtained from effective field theory., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

The electromagnetic form factors of octet baryons are investigated with the nonlocal chiral effective theory. The nonlocal interaction generates both the regulator which makes the loop integral convergent and the $Q^2$ dependence of form factors at tree level. Both octet and decuplet intermediate states are included in the one loop calculation. The momentum dependence of baryon form factors are studied up to 1 GeV$^2$ with the same number of parameters as for the nucleon form factors. The obtained magnetic moments of all the baryon octets as well as the radii are in good agreement with the experimental data and/or lattice simulation.