Search

Objectives Our previous study showed that resveratrol (Res) attenuates apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cell injury induced by hyperoxia by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated whether Res protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by activating SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Methods Naturally delivered neonatal rats were randomly divided into six groups: normoxia + normal saline, normoxia + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), normoxia + Res, hyperoxia + normal saline, hyperoxia + DMSO, and hyperoxia + Res. Lung tissue samples were collected on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate lung development. Dual-immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used to evaluate the levels of silencing information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), Nrf2, transcription factor A (TFAM) and citrate synthase, the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondria, the integrity of mtDNA, and the expression of TFAM in mitochondria. Results We found that hyperoxia insulted lung development, whereas Res attenuated the hyperoxia lung injury. Res significantly upregulated the levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, Nrf2, TFAM, and citrate synthase; promoted TFAM expression in the mitochondria; and increased the copy number of ND1 and the ratio of ND4/ND1. Conclusion Our data suggest that Res attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats, and this was achieved, in part, by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Key Points Hyperoxia insulted lung development in neonatal rats. Resveratrol promoted mitochondrial biogenesis to attenuate hyperoxia lung injury in neonatal rats. Resveratrol, at least in part, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To rationally design photocatalysts with high generation rate and selectivity of target product remains an ongoing challenge for CO2 conversion in pure H2O. Herein, from the viewpoint of enhancing the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron‐hole pairs and the adsorption ability of CO2 molecule, we have constructed a series of Z‐scheme defective heterojunctions of BiOBr nanosheets and hollow NH2‐functionalized metal‐organic framework (MOF) MIL‐125 with Ti ions as metal centers (noted as NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)). Systematic characterization demonstrates that the BiOBr nanosheets are anchored on the surface of hollow NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti), which facilitates the efficient visible‐light‐driven catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with nearly 100% selectivity by pure H2O. Especially, the CO generation rate of optimized catalyst with oxygen vacancies reaches 459.7 μmol g−1 h−1, which is higher than those of all the previously reported photocatalysts without sacrificial reagents. This approach provides a new insight for using inorganic semiconductors to fabricate semiconducting MOFs for high‐efficiency photocatalytic reduction CO2 into value‐added chemicals by pure H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PM2.5-bounded elements were measured in outdoor and indoor from two urban middle schools in Xi'an. The PM2.5 mass was from 42.4 to 283.7 µg/m3 with bounded element from 3.4 to 41.7 µg/m3. Both the particle mass and the bounded elements displayed higher levels compared with previous studies in school environments. The most abundant elements were Ca, K, Fe, S, Zn and Cl both indoor and outdoor in two schools, which accounted for about 90% of the total elements. Strong correlations between indoor and outdoor were obtained along with relative effect from students' and teachers' activities on the indoor distributions between workdays and weekends. There had different indoor/outdoor (I/O) distributions for the two schools. It revealed the main outdoor sources for elements in JT and predominance of indoor sources in HT. The principal component analysis investigated main sources of elements in this study were coal combustion, geogenic dust and industrial emission, even though there displayed differences in the two school classrooms. The health risk assessment showed that the cancer risk for Ni and Pb was below the safe value while As and Cr might pose acceptable potential threat to both students' and teachers' health. The total non-cancer risks of accumulative multi-metals in JT exhibited to be higher than 1, indicating that there existed the potential non-carcinogenic health risks of exposure metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel internal model control (IMC) method for wave rotor refrigeration process (WRRP) based on Harris hawks optimization (HHO) is presented in this paper. Firstly, an identification model is established by the test data of the WRRP. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, the Routh order reduction method was used to reduce the order of the identification model. This procedure yields an approximate second order model with time delay for the WRRP. Secondly, an IMC method based on HHO is proposed after analyzing the time delay characteristics of the WRRP model. This method improves the traditional IMC structure, and introduces a three degree of freedom IMC structure. The parameters of the controller are optimized by HHO to make the comprehensive performance index of the system reach the best. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a good performance of tracking and disturbance rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]