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The accurate analysis of chemical isomers plays an important role in the study of their different toxic effects and targeted detection of pollutant isomers in foods. The Alternaria mycotoxins tenuazonic acid (TeA) and iso-tenuazonic acid (ITeA) are two isomer mycotoxins with the lack of single analysis methods due to the similar structures. Antibody-based immunoassays exhibit high sensitivity and superior application in isomer-specific determination. Previously, various kinds of antibodies for TeA have been prepared in our group. Herein, highly specific nanobodies (Nbs) against ITeA mycotoxin were selected from immune nanobody phage display library, and one of Nbs, namely Nb(B3G3) exhibited excellent affinity, thermal stability as well as organic solvent tolerance. By molecular simulation and docking technology, it was found that stronger interaction between Nb(B3G3) and ITeA lead to higher affinity than that for its isomer TeA. Furthermore, a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was established with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 ng/mL for ITeA mycotoxin. The recovery rate of ITeA in spiked samples was analyzed with 84.8%-89.5% for rice, 78.3%-96.3% for flour, and 79.5%-90.7% for bread. A conventional LC-MS/MS method was used to evaluate the accuracy of this proposed icELISA, which showed a satisfactory consistent correlation. Since the convenient strategy for nanobody generation by phage display technology, this study provide new biorecognition elements and sensitive immunoassay for analysis of ITeA in foods.

Histamine (HA) is an important food contaminant generated during food fermentation or spoilage. However, an immunoassay for direct (derivatization free) determination of HA has rarely been reported due to its small size to induce the desired antibodies by its current hapten-protein conjugates. In this work, despite violating the classical hapten design criteria which recommend introducing a linear aliphatic (phenyl free) linker into the immunizing hapten, a novel haptens, HA-245 designed and synthesized with a phenyl-contained linker, exhibited significantly enhanced immunological properties. Thus, a quality-improved monoclonal antibody (Mab) against HA was elicited by its hapten-carrier conjugates. Then, as the linear aliphatic linker contained haptens, Hapten B was used as linker-heterologous coating haptens to eliminate the recognition of linker antibodies. Indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) was developed with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.21 mg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 mg/L in buffer solution. The average recoveries of HA from spiked food samples for this ic-ELISA ranged from 84.1% and 108.5%, and the analysis results agreed well with those of referenced LC-MS/MS. This investigation not only realized derivatization-free immunoassay for HA, but also provided a valuable guidance for hapten design and development of immunoassay for small molecules.

Background: Acute swelling or cellulitis may develop within a few days after placing a definitive prosthesis or reconnecting a loose healing abutment/prosthesis, though its cause remains unclear. In this study, we propose a mechanism for the underlying pathogenesis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the symptoms and signs, onset of symptoms, recovery duration, and laboratory data of seven women and two men (55–84 years) who exhibited acute swelling and pain around dental implants within a month of connecting definitive prosthesis or reconnecting a loose healing abutment/prosthesis between 2013 and 2021. Results: The extent of the swelling varied from the gingiva and vestibule around the implant to the face and neck regions. The swelling persisted despite removal of the connected superstructure. All patients recovered within three weeks of symptom onset. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the rapid onset of symptoms and signs, progress, duration, and etiology were consistent with the pathogenesis of deep tissue injury, which is characterized by acute inflammatory swelling that initiates from the interface between bone and subcutaneous tissue and progresses outward. Clinicians should be aware of the pathogenesis of pressure-induced injury and provide adequate treatment based on the underlying physiological process.

Abstract The purpose of the retrospective study was to investigate the long-term result of implant-induced injury on the adjacent tooth. The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who had received implants and had tooth injury; direct invasion of root (group I), root surface contact (group II), or

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of posterior implants with surveyed crowns in implant-assisted removable partial dentures (IARPDs). Materials and Methods: Internal-connection implants were inserted and restored with surveyed crowns at the most posterior molar regions of Kennedy class I or II in partially edentulous patients between 2007 and 2018. IARPDs were fabricated and functioned with or without clasps on the surveyed implant crowns. Clinical outcomes of biologic problems, mechanical problems, and marginal bone loss (MBL) through periapical and panoramic views were recorded and measured. The effects of sex, Kennedy classification, opposing dentition, and clasp existence on MBL were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, and the implant length, crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio, and function period on MBL were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis at a = .05. Results: A total of 32 posterior implants were restored with a surveyed crown for IARPDs in 16 patients (7 men, 9 women; mean age: 69.3 ± 6.0 years). A total of 15 IARPDs were for the mandible (1 maxilla), and 13 were Kennedy class I (3 class II) before implant insertion. All internal-connection implants (15 bone-level and 17 tissue-level) with 7-mm (n = 12), 8.5-mm (n = 18), and 9-mm (n = 2) lengths were restored for 3 surveyed premolar crowns and 29 molar crowns (15 first molar and 14 second molar). The mean C/I ratio was 1.48. The mean function period of the implants was 60.9 ± 40.2 months (range: 14 to 155), and the mean MBL was 0.11 ± 0.36 mm. Only Kennedy class II showed significantly more MBL (P = .002). The implant survival and success rates were 96.9% and 90.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this retrospective clinical study, mainly in mandibular IARPDs, implants with surveyed crowns showed high survival and success rates during short- to medium-term functions. Posterior implants with surveyed crowns appear to be a reliable alternative for free-end removable partial denture (RPD) patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This review aimed to highlight the aetiology and risk factors of food impaction along with the treatment in each case. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed from 1947 to March 28, 2023. The search terms utilised included (food impaction) OR (interdental impaction). No filter was applied. Articles related to the classification, aetiology, treatment, and associated factors of food impaction in dentistry and published in English or with an abstract in English were selected. Results: A total of 72 articles were included in the review, which revealed the variety and complexity of aetiological factors and treatment of food impaction in dentistry, as well as the heterogeneity of previous studies. Based on the aetiology, different treatment plans and management should be considered. Conclusion: This review indicated the need to identify the pathology of food impaction before treatment. Considering the causal factors of food impaction -- including proximal contact loss, occlusal disharmony, morphological deformity, positional abnormality, and interdental papillae loss -- different management approaches such as restoration, occlusal adjustment, orthodontic, nonsurgical or surgical treatment could be applied. Further clinical and experimental research is warranted to address the prevention and treatment of food impaction in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a more sensitive immunoassay for malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG), we identified the immunocomplex binding phage-borne peptides for use in the noncompetitive phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA). An anti-LMG monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to select immunocomplex binding peptides from a circular random eight-amino-acid phage-displayed library. After three rounds of panning-elution, five peptides that bound the LMG-mAb immunocomplex were obtained. One of the phage-borne peptide clones that resulted in an assay with the highest sensitivity was chosen for further research. The concentration of LMG producing 50% of the saturated signal and the limit of detection of the assay were 7.02 and 0.55 ng/mL, respectively, with a linear range of 1.35 to 21.56 ng/mL. The PHAIA based on the same antibody was 16 times more sensitive compared to the competitive immunoassay. PHAIA was used to analyze LMG, MG, and two mixtures of spiked fish samples, with validation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Results showed a good correlation (R(2)LMG = 0.9841; R(2)MG = 0.993; R(2)Mixture = 0.9903) between the data of PHAIA and HPLC, thus the assay was an efficient method for monitoring food safety.