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Traditional high‐dose antibiotic treatments of intracellular methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are highly inefficient and associated with a high rate of infection relapse. As an effective antibacterial technology, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) may be able to break the dilemma. However, indiscriminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) release leads to potential side effects. This study incorporates Staphylococcal Protein A antibody‐modified Cu2+/tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin nanoparticles (Cu(II)NS‐SPA) into hydrogel microspheres (HAMA@Cu(II)NS‐SPA) to achieve precise eradication of intracellular bacteria. This eradication is under bioorthogonal activation mediated by bacillithiol (BSH) (internally) and ultrasound (US) (externally). To specify, the US responsiveness of Cu(II)NS‐SPA is restored when it is reduced to Cu(I)NS‐SPA by the BSH secreted characteristically by intracellular MRSA, thus forming a bioorthogonal activation with the external US, which confines ROS production within the infected MΦ. Under external US activation at 2 W cm−2, over 95% of intracellular MRSA can be cleared. In vivo, a single injection of HAMA@Cu(II)NS‐SPA achieves up to two weeks of antibacterial sonodynamic therapy, reducing pro‐inflammatory factor expression by 90%, and peri‐implant bone trabeculae numbers exceed the control group by five times. In summary, these micro/nano hydrogel microspheres mediated by internal and external bioorthogonal activation can precisely eliminate intracellular MRSA, effectively treating multi‐drug resistant intracellular bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumorigenesis arises from the dysfunction of cancer genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation through various mechanisms. Establishing a complete cancer gene catalogue will make precision oncology possible. Although existing methods based on graph neural networks (GNN) are effective in identifying cancer genes, they fall short in effectively integrating data from multiple views and interpreting predictive outcomes. To address these shortcomings, an interpretable representation learning framework IMVRL-GCN is proposed to capture both shared and specific representations from multiview data, offering significant insights into the identification of cancer genes. Experimental results demonstrate that IMVRL-GCN outperforms state-of-the-art cancer gene identification methods and several baselines. Furthermore, IMVRL-GCN is employed to identify a total of 74 high-confidence novel cancer genes, and multiview data analysis highlights the pivotal roles of shared, mutation-specific, and structure-specific representations in discriminating distinctive cancer genes. Exploration of the mechanisms behind their discriminative capabilities suggests that shared representations are strongly associated with gene functions, while mutation-specific and structure-specific representations are linked to mutagenic propensity and functional synergy, respectively. Finally, our in-depth analyses of these candidates suggest potential insights for individualized treatments: afatinib could counteract many mutation-driven risks, and targeting interactions with cancer gene SRC is a reasonable strategy to mitigate interaction-induced risks for NR3C1 , RXRA , HNF4A , and SP1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has attracted great attention worldwide. Previous research on the removal of toxic heavy metals from wastewater effluents through adsorption by typical solid wastes (e.g., fly ash and coal gangue) has mainly focused on the control of wastewater pollutants. In this study, a coal gangue (CG) by-product from Hancheng City was used as a raw material to prepare polymeric aluminum chloride-loaded coal gangue-based porous carbon (PAC-CGPC) by hydrothermal synthesis. This material was subsequently employed to assess its performance in mitigating Pb2+ in soils. In addition, the effects of the pore structure of the prepared material on the adsorption rates, adsorption mechanisms, and plant root uptakes of soil Pb2+ were investigated in this study. The raw CG and prepared PAC-CGPC materials exhibited specific surface areas of 1.8997 and 152.7892 m2/g, respectively. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicate that the adsorption of Pb2+ based on PAC-CGPC mainly follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that chemisorption may be the dominant process. In addition, the adsorption isotherm results showed that the Freundlich model explained better the adsorption process of Pb2+, suggests that the adsorption sites of lead ions on APC-CGPC are not uniformly distributed and tend to be enriched in APC, and also shows the ion exchange between aluminum and lead ions. The thermodynamic model fitting results demonstrated the occurrence of spontaneous and exothermic PAC-CGPC-based adsorption of Pb2+, involving ion exchange and surface complexation. The effects of the PAC-CGPC addition on soybean plants were further explored through pot experiments. The results revealed substantial decreases in the Pb2+ contents in the soybean organs (roots, stems, and leaves) following the addition of the PAC-CGPC material at a dose of 3% compared with the control and raw CG groups. Furthermore, the addition of the PAC-CGPC material at a dose of 3% effectively reduced the bioavailable Pb2+ content in the soil by 82.11 and enhanced soybean growth by 15.3%. These findings demonstrated the inhibition effect of the PAC-CGPC material on the translocation of Pb2+ in the soybean seedlings. The modified CG adsorbent has highly pore structure and good hydrophilicity, making it prone to migration in unsaturated soils and, consequently, enhancing Pb2+ immobilization. This research provides theoretical support for the development of CG-based materials capable of immobilizing soil pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollution caused by printing and dyeing wastewater is increasingly severe, posing significant harm to aquatic plants and animals. In this study, porous carbon was synthesized via the high-temperature pyrolysis of light and heavy organic matter present in oily sludge, utilizing low oil content sludge as the raw material and zinc chloride as a chemical activator. The results exhibited a significant increase in the specific surface area of the oily sludge-based porous carbon, from 4.95 m²/g to 10.95 m²/g. The effects of various parameters such as pH, amount of sorbent, dye concentration, temperature, and contact time on dye removal have been studied. The results showed that the oil sludge-based porous carbon exhibited high efficiency in removing Malachite Green from aqueous solutions, which has low polarity and remains consistently above 97%. The removal rate of Crystal Violet, which is more polar, was as low as 24.14%. The corresponding adsorption capacities were 33.41 mg/g for Malachite Green, 16.41 mg/g for Crystal Violet, and 13.56 mg/g for Methylene Blue. The adsorption capacity of OSC700 for three types of dyes was characterized by monolayer adsorption, primarily driven by chemical adsorption, with significant contributions from electrostatic and hydrophobic effects. The adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and accompanied by an increase in entropy. For less polar substances, the adsorption on oily sludge-based porous carbon is primarily driven by aromatic functional groups on the carbon surface, hydrophobicity, π-π electron-donor-acceptor (π-π EDA) interactions, and surface hydrogen bond formation. In contrast, for more polar dyes, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions dominate, with electrostatic adsorption being the predominant mechanism and minimal hydrogen bond formation during adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of large bone and articular cartilage defects caused by traumatic injury is increasing worldwide; the tissue regeneration process for these injuries is lengthy due to limited self‐healing ability. Endogenous bioelectrical phenomenon has been well recognized to play an important role in bone and cartilage homeostasis and regeneration. Studies have reported that electrical stimulation (ES) can effectively regulate various biological processes and holds promise as an external intervention to enhance the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, thereby accelerating the process of bone and cartilage regeneration. Hence, electroactive biomaterials have been considered a biomimetic approach to ensure functional recovery by integrating various physiological signals, including electrical, biochemical, and mechanical signals. This review will discuss the role of endogenous bioelectricity in bone and cartilage tissue, as well as the effects of ES on cellular behaviors. Then, recent advances in electroactive materials and their applications in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration are systematically overviewed, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages as tissue repair materials and performances in the modulation of cell fate. Finally, the significance of mimicking the electrophysiological microenvironment of target tissue is emphasized and future development challenges of electroactive biomaterials for bone and cartilage repair strategies are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]