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In this study, pectinase-extracted pectin (PPHP), mixed enzyme-extracted pectin (MPHP), and water-extracted pectin (WPHP) from Premna ligustrides Hemsl. leaves were prepared by pectinase-assisted extraction, pectinase and cellulase-assisted extraction and hot water extraction, respectively, and their molecular masses, monosaccharide compositions, infrared spectra, galacturonic acid contents, degrees of esterification were determined. In addition, their scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation and Fe3+ reducing power were assayed, and their antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were explored. The results showed that the yields of WPHP, PPHP and MPHP were 5.11%, 6.45% and 8.91%, respectively. WPHP belonged to high-ester pectin, while MPHP and PPHP belonged to low-ester pectin. The weight-average molecular mass of pectin in the leaves of Premna ligustrides Hemsl was reduced by enzymatic treatment. The contents of total phenols and total flavonoids in MPHP were 17.09 and 26.46 mg/g, respectively, higher than those in WPHP and PPHP. All three pectins had strong scavenging capacities against DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation, among which MPHP had the strongest antioxidant activity. The results of in vitro antibacterial activity showed that MPHP had the best antibacterial effect on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results provide a basis for further searching for the material basis of the antibacterial activity of pectin from Premna ligustroides Hemsl. leaves, and are of significance for the in-depth development and utilization of pectin from Premna ligustroides Hemsl. leaves.

China has the world’s largest fisheries industry that has provided a healthy and high-quality food source. Currently, guaranteeing national food security, implementing an all-encompassing approach to food, and establishing a diversified food supply system all pose a great demand for the high-quality development of China’s fisheries industry. This study explores the development status and trend of fisheries in China from the aspects of fishery resources and capture, aquaculture and marine ranching, and aquatic product processing and circulation, and examines major problems through industry research and extensive discussion. Industry development goals and key measures are further proposed. Results found that the pressure on offshore capture is too high, understanding of deep-sea and polar resources is insufficient, the independent capability of technologies and equipment is inadequate, the mechanized, automatic, and intelligent levels of aquaculture are low, high-quality feed and raw materials rely heavily on imports, the basic software and hardware capabilities of the intelligent fisheries are deficient, and the aquatic product processing capacity is lagging behind. Therefore, the following key measures are proposed: conservation and restoration of offshore fishery resources, development and scientific utilization of deep-sea fishery resources, construction and application of a new technology system for green and healthy aquaculture, research and application of deep-sea aquaculture platform technologies, construction and promotion of new aquaculture models, and green processing and high-value utilization of aquatic products.Through the high-quality development of fisheries, China is expected to become advantageous in fisheries science and technology by 2035, with a total output of 8.1×107 t of aquatic products. By 2050, intelligent fisheries is expected to be realized in China, outputting 1×108 t of aquatic products.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a novel MRI-based paravertebral muscle quality (PVMQ) score for assessing muscle quality and to investigate its correlation with the degree of fat infiltration (DFF) and the vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score of paravertebral muscles. Additionally, the study compares the effectiveness of the PVMQ score and the VBQ score in assessing muscle quality and bone quality. Methods: PVMQ scores were derived from the ratio of paravertebral muscle signal intensity (SI) to L3 cerebrospinal fluid SI on T2-weighted MRI. Image J software assessed paravertebral muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and DFF. Spearman rank correlation analyses explored associations between PVMQ, VBQ scores, DFF, and T-scores in both genders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves compared PVMQ and VBQ scores' effectiveness in distinguishing osteopenia/osteoporosis and high paraspinal muscle DFF. Results: In this study of 144 patients (94 females), PVMQ scores were significantly higher in osteoporosis and osteopenia groups compared to normals, with variations observed between genders (P < 0.05). PVMQ showed stronger positive correlation with VBQ scores and DFF in females than males (0.584 vs 0.445, 0.579 vs 0.528; P < 0.01). ROC analysis favored PVMQ over VBQ for low muscle mass in both genders (AUC = 0.767 vs 0.718, 0.793 vs 0.718). VBQ was better for bone mass in males (0.737/0.865 vs 0.691/0.858), whereas PVMQ excelled for females (0.808/0.764 vs 0.721/0.718). Conclusion: The novel PVMQ score provides a reliable assessment of paravertebral muscle quality and shows a strong correlation with VBQ scores and DFF, particularly in females. It outperforms VBQ scores in evaluating muscle mass and offers valuable insights for assessing bone mass in females. These findings underscore the potential of the PVMQ score as a dual-purpose tool for evaluating both muscle and bone health, informing future research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]