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Objective: To explore medium and long term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in treating lumbar specific infection., Methods: From October 2017 to January 2021, 24 patients with lumbar specific infection were treated by OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation, including 15 males and 9 females, aged from 27 to 61 years old with an average of (43.0±15.0) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 6 to 24 months with an average of (14.0±7.0) months;7 patients with L 2 -L 3 , 12 patients with L 3 -L 4 and 5 patients with L 4 -L 5 ;19 patients with tuberculosis infection and 5 patients with brucella infection. The amount of intraoperative blood loss, operative time and complications were recorded, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) rating were compared before and one month after opertaion., Results: All patients were followed up from 9 to 24 months with an average of (13.0±6.0) months. Operative time was (132.5±21.4) min, and intraoperative blood loss was (227.3±43.1) ml. ESR and CRP were decreased from (82.34±18.62) mmol·h -1 and (53.08±21.84) mg·L -1 before operation to (33.52±17.31) mmol·h -1 and (15.48±8.36) mg·L -1 at one month after operation, respectively ( P <0.05). VAS was decreased from (7.52±1.36) before opertaion to (1.74±0.87) at one month after operation ( P <0.05). JOA was increased from (17.86±3.95) before operation to (24.72±3.19) at one month after operation ( P <0.05). Four patients had neurological symptoms before operation, and were classified to grade D according to ASIA classification, who were recovered to grade E at 1 month after operation. One patient was suffered from psoas major muscle injury after operation, and returned to normal at 3 weeks. One patient was suffered from abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation, and relieved after gastrointestinal decompression and enema. No complications such as abdominal organ injury and poor wound healing occurred in all patients., Conclusion: OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation is a new minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of lumbar specific infection, especially the lesion located on the middle lumbar vertebra. It has advantages of less trauma, short operation time, less blood loss, convenient operation, complete removal of the lesion, safety and effectiveness, and has good medium-and long-term efficacy for lumbar specific infection.

Aim: To study the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cell lines., Methods: The expression of PPARgamma was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARgamma ligands on growth of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells was measured by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Cell death ELISA, Hoechst 33342 fluorescent staining and DNA ladder assay were used to observe the effects of PPAR gamma ligands on apoptosis. Regulatory proteins of cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by Western blot analysis., Results: PPARgamma was expressed at much higher levels in renal tumors than in the normal kidney (2.16+/-0.85 vs 0.90+/-0.73; P<0.01). TZD PPARgamma ligands inhibited RCC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 7.08 micromol/L and 11.32 micromol/L for pioglitazone, and 5.71 micromol/L and 8.38 micromol/L for troglitazone in 786-O and A498 cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed a G0/G1 arrest in human RCC cells following 24-h exposure to TZD. Analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins revealed that TZD decreased the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, pRb, cyclin D1, and Cdk4 but increased the levels of p21 and p27 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, high doses of TZD induced massive apoptosis in renal cancer cells, with increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression., Conclusion: TZD PPAR gamma ligands showed potent inhibitory effect on proliferation, and could induce apoptosis in RCC cells. These results suggest that ligands for PPAR gamma have potential antitumor effects on renal carcinoma cells.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-actived receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma)and the inducement of apoptosis by PPAR-gamma ligand in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)-derived cell lines., Methods: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determined the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA and protein in two RCC derived cell lines(786-O and A498) and two normal kidney(NK)-derived cell lines(HK-2 and HMCC). Two RCC cell lines were treated with 50 micromol/L troglitazoned for and evaluated for the effects of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on the cells apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and DNA ladder assay. The mutative expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax before and after TZDs treatment were also performed by western blot analysis., Results: The expression of PPAR-gamma was observed to be stronger in 786-O and A498 cells than in HK-2 and HMCC cells by RT- PCR and Western blot analysis. Treated with 50 micromol/L troglitazone (for 48 h) it induced typical apoatosis in 786-O and A498 cells. After treatment, a decrease in Bcl-2 expression in RCC cells was observed by Western blot analysis,and the expression of Bax,however,was up-regulated., Conclusion: The results reveal that troglitazone has the tumor-suppressive effect on RCC cells. High-affinity PPAR-gamma ligands (TZDs) may be the candidates for a novel approach to the treatment of this refractory neoplasm.

Objective: To investigate the effects of BBSKE (1,2-[bis (1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3 (2H)-ketone)]ethane), a novel organoselenium compound, on the proliferation and apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3, and to study its effect on the growth of prostate cancer in vivo., Methods: Prostate cancer cells of the cell line PC-3 was cultivated in media with different concentrations of BBSKE and cisplatin. The inhibition of proliferation was measured by colorimetric MTT assay. The morphologic changes were observed by fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the DNA degradation was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to identify the expression of bcl-2 and bax. The activity of caspase-3 was determined by a micro-ELISA reader. Mouse prostate cancer cells of the TRAMP-C2 line were cultured and then injected subcutaneously into 2 male C57BL/6 mice to establish the animal model. Then the 2 mice were killed to collect the cancer cells. Twenty-four mice were injected intraperitoneally with single cell suspension of TRAMP-C2 cell and then divided into 3 groups of 8 mice undergoing intraperitoneal injection for 7 days: BBSKE group (BBSKE was administered at the dosage of 25mg/kg/day), cisplatin group (cisplatin 2mg/kg/d was injected), and control group (pure solvent was injected). Three weeks after the mice were killed and the tumors were taken out to calculate the inhibition rate., Results: BBSKE inhibited the growth of the PC-3 cells dosage-dependently with a value of IC(50) of 17.90 micro mol/L after a 48 h exposure, higher than that in the case of cisplatin (15.00 micro mol/L). After exposure of PC-3 cells to BBSKE at the dosage of 20 micro mol/L for 48 hours the apoptosis rate was 26.32%, significantly higher than that of the control group (1.75%, P < 0.01). The expression of bcl-2 was decreased and the expression of bax remained almost unchanged along with the increase of BBSKE concentration. The activity of caspase 3 in the subgroup of BBSKE of the concentration of 5 micro mol/L remained almost unchanged, and was increased to 3.65 +/- 0.57 and 4.39 +/- 1.01 respectively in the BBSKE 10 micro mol/L and 20 micro mol/L subgroups, both significantly higher than that of the control group (both P < 0.05). In the in vivo experiment, the growth of tumor was significantly inhibited by BBSKE with an inhibition rate of 40% and the inhibition rate of the cisplatin group was 48%., Conclusion: The novel organoselenium BBSKE inhibits the proliferation of PC-3 cell and promote its apoptosis, probably through downregulating the expression of bcl-2 and the activity of caspase-3. BBSKE also inhibits the growth of prostate cancer in vivo.