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In the present study, we developed an effective encapsulation method for highly stable perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). By simultaneously introducing UV absorbers with biomimetic textures on the backside of the FTO substrate and a heat-extraction composite layer composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and commercially available Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) on the Au electrode, we successfully demonstrated highly efficient and stable PeSCs. The UV-absorbing layer with micro- and nano-hierarchical structures effectively cut UV light while increasing the transmittance of visible light, resulting in enhanced device stability without sacrificing the photocurrent caused by cutting the incident UV light. In addition, the introduction of a composite layer comprising rGO and NOA on the Au electrode offers superior protection, attributed to the hydrophobic nature of epoxy and the increased complexity of the oxygen or water diffusion pathway. Additionally, the outstanding thermal conductivity of rGO facilitated efficient heat dissipation through the encapsulation layer. The encapsulated PeSCs reproducibly maintained their performance during a long-term operation, even after a series of rigorous aging tests over 2 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant advances in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), the operational instability and susceptibility to Pb leakage of PeSCs severely limit their widespread application. To address these issues, this study investigates the effect of doping the Spiro‐OMeTAD hole‐transporting layer (HTL) with a chemically‐modified 2D conjugated covalent organic framework (Tp‐Azo‐COF) on the photovoltaic performance and stability of PeSCs. Enriched with abundant carbonyl (C═O) groups and azo (N═N) nodes, Tp‐Azo‐COF has excellent chelation and adsorption capabilities, and experimental results confirm that Tp‐Azo‐COF effectively decreases Pb leakage and Li‐ion migration, improving the environmental safety and operational stability of PeSCs. The optimized PeSCs (0.12 cm2) exhibit an efficiency of 24.25%, a new benchmark for COF‐modified devices, and maintain robust performance in large‐area modules (18 cm2) with an efficiency of 21.96%. Under accelerated aging tests, including continuous light irradiation at maximum power point tracking for 980 h, the module demonstrated exceptional durability, with near‐100% efficiency retention. The COF doping strategy developed in this study significantly enhances operational stability and minimizes Pb leakage in PeSCs, paving the way for the sustainable, large‐scale deployment of perovskite photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A core-shell hydrogel bead system was designed to maintain the catalytic activity of phytase and protect its enzymatic functionality from heat treatment. The designed structure consists of a chitosan-phytase complex core and an alginate-carrageenan hydrogel shell. The core-shell hydrogel was optimized to improve phytase encapsulation efficiency and increase the thermal stability of the encapsulated phytase. After heat treatment, encapsulated phytase retained ∼ 70 % of its catalytic activity and the same secondary structure of free phytase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated strong intermolecular interactions between chitosan and phytase in the core, but little interaction between the core and the alginate and κ-carrageenan shell, this supports the structural and functional stability of the phytase. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the designed core-shell structure had a higher melting point. Encapsulating phytase in a core-shell hydrogel bead can enhance the thermal stability of phytase, which broadens the potential applications for phytase delivery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)