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Objective To explore correlation between serum bilirubin and sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods Total 79 PD cases from He'nan Provincial People's Hospital, and 77 age and sex matched controls were recruited from October 2021 to October 2022. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating ScaleⅢ(UPDRSⅢ) was used to evaluate motor symptoms, modified Hoehn⁃Yahr staging was used to evaluate disease severity, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionaire⁃ Hong Kong (RBDQ ⁃HK) was used to access the severity of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to access the sleep quality, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to access the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The levels of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured. Results Seventy⁃nine PD patients were divided into the early PD group (n = 47) and middle⁃late PD group (n = 32). The levels of TBIL (Z = 4.988, P = 0.000; Z = 3.917, P = 0.000), IBIL (Z = 4.860, P = 0.000; Z = 3.827, P = 0.000) and DBIL (Z = 4.054, P = 0.000; Z = 3.468, P = 0.002) in the early PD group and middle⁃late PD group were lower than those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed serum TBIL levels were negatively correlated with PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.310, P = 0.006) and ESS score (r = ⁃ 0.254, P =0.027), serum IBIL levels were negatively correlated with PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.284, P = 0.013), serum DBIL levels were negatively correlated with RBDQ⁃HK score (r = ⁃ 0.244, P = 0.034), PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.288, P = 0.012) and ESS score (r = ⁃ 0.295, P = 0.010). Conclusions Serum bilirubin in PD patients were lower than those in the control group inferring that a decrease in serum bilirubin might be a potential mechanism for the occurrence of PD. The lower serum bilirubin was, the more severe sleep disorders in PD patients were.

Objectives: Sleep health and other lifestyle behaviours are gaining increasing attention in public health, particularly for cancer prevention, but a comprehensive assessment is lacking. Methods: The study included 380,042 UK Biobank participants. A healthy sleep score was constructed based on five sleep factors: chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed based on four lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity. The effect of healthy sleep and lifestyle on cancer risk was examined by Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Both healthy sleep and lifestyle patterns were significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall cancer and specific cancer sites. Participants with healthy sleep and lifestyle patterns had a lower risk of overall cancer (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.68–0.77), liver cancer (HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31–0.90), bladder cancer (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47–0.79), lung cancer (HR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.19–0.27), and colorectal cancer (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96) compared to those with unhealthy patterns. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of public health education and interventions to improve sleep and other lifestyle behaviours for cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clear cell likelihood score (ccLS) is reliable for diagnosing small renal masses (SRMs). However, the diagnostic value of Clear cell likelihood score version 1.0 (ccLS v1.0) and v2.0 for common subtypes of SRMs might be a potential score extension. Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of ccLS v1.0 and v2.0 for characterizing five common subtypes of SRMs. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: 797 patients (563 males, 234 females; mean age, 53 ± 12 years) with 867 histologically proven renal masses. Field Strength/Sequences: 3.0 and 1.5 T/T2 weighted imaging, T1 weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, a dual‐echo chemical shift (in‐ and opposed‐phase) T1 weighted imaging, multiphase dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging. Assessment: Six abdominal radiologists were trained in the ccLS algorithm and independently scored each SRM using ccLS v1.0 and v2.0, respectively. All SRMs had definite pathological results. The pooled area under curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ccLS v1.0 and v2.0 for characterizing common subtypes of SRMs. The average κ values were calculated to evaluate the interobserver agreement of the two scoring versions. Statistical Tests: Random‐effects logistic regression; Receiver operating characteristic analysis; DeLong test; Weighted Kappa test; Z test. The statistical significance level was P < 0.05. Results: The pooled AUCs of clear cell likelihood score version 2.0 (ccLS v2.0) were statistically superior to those of ccLS v1.0 for diagnosing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (0.907 vs. 0.851), papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) (0.926 vs. 0.888), renal oncocytoma (RO) (0.745 vs. 0.679), and angiomyolipoma without visible fat (AMLwvf) (0.826 vs. 0.766). Interobserver agreement for SRMs between ccLS v1.0 and v2.0 is comparable and was not statistically significant (P = 0.993). Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of ccLS v2.0 surpasses that of ccLS v1.0 for characterizing ccRCC, pRCC, RO, and AMLwvf. Especially, the standardized algorithm has optimal performance for ccRCC and pRCC. ccLS has potential as a supportive clinical tool. Evidence Level: 4. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the reaction kinetic mechanism of La3+ was studied in the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at various temperatures. First, the diffusion coefficient of La3+(D) measured by cyclic voltammetry(CV) increases from 3.06×10-5 cm2/s to 6.08×10-5 cm2/s with the temperature ranging from 723 K to 873 K, and the activation energy of La3+ diffusion(ED) in the molten salts is 34.51 kJ/mol calculated by the Arrhenius equation. Subsequently, the kinetic parameters of La3+ on the W electrode were studied by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). In the temperature range of 723-873 K, the exchange current density(i0) is measured to be 0.48-1.39 A/cm2, and the reaction rate constant(k0) is determined as 2.04×10-4-5.90×10-4 cm/s. Moreover, the corresponding reaction activation energy(Ea) is found to be 35.04 kJ/mol. The Nyquist plots and the fitted circuit diagrams explored the reaction kinetic mechanism of La3+ on a W electrode. It was illustrated that the electrochemical reduction rate of La3+ in the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt is controlled by diffusion and charge transfer, and it is positively correlated with temperature.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is detected in nearly 100% of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV‐based biomarkers are used for NPC screening in endemic regions. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA), and recently identified anti‐BNLF2b antibodies have been shown to be the most effective screening tool; however, the screening efficacy still needs to be improved. This study developed a multiplex serological assay by testing IgA and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against representative EBV antigens that are highly transcribed in NPC and/or function crucially in viral reactivation, including BALFs, BNLF2a/b, LF1, LF2, and Zta (BZLF1). Among them, BNLF2b‐IgG had the best performance distinguishing NPC patients from controls (area under the curve: 0.951, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.913–0.990). Antibodies to lytic antigens BALF2 and VCA were significantly higher in advanced‐stage than in early‐stage tumors; in contrast, antibodies to latent protein EBNA1 and early lytic antigen BNLF2b were not correlated with tumor progression. Accordingly, a novel strategy combining EBNA1‐IgA and BNLF2b‐IgG was proposed and validated improving the integrated discrimination by 15.8% (95% CI: 9.8%–21.7%, p <.0001) compared with the two‐antibody method. Furthermore, we found EBV antibody profile in patients was more complicated compared with that in healthy carriers, in which stronger correlations between antibodies against different phases of antigens were observed. Overall, our serological assay indicated that aberrant latent infection of EBV in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells was probably a key step in NPC initiation, while more lytic protein expression might be involved in NPC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma levels of oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS)‐modified CD44 have emerged as a promising biomarker for multi‐cancer detection. Here, we explored its potential to predict the survival of patients with lung cancer. A prospective observational cohort was conducted involving 274 newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center from 2013 to 2015. The plasma levels of ofCS‐modified CD44 were measured, and Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between plasma‐modified CD44 levels and overall survival (OS) as well as other prognostic outcomes. Prognostic nomograms were constructed based on plasma ofCS‐modified CD44 levels to predict survival outcomes for patients with lung cancer. Patients with high expression ofCS‐modified CD44 exhibited significantly worse outcomes in terms of OS (HR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.13–2.29, p = 0.009) and progression‐free survival (PFS). These findings were consistent across various analyses. The concordance index of the prognostic nomogram for predicting OS in both the training set and validation set were 0.723 and 0.737, respectively. Additionally, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the nomogram could serve as a useful tool for predicting OS in patients with lung cancer. Plasma ofCS‐modified CD44 may serve as an independent prognosis marker for patients with lung cancer. Further validation of its predictive value could enhance prognostic assessment and guide personalized treatment strategies for patients with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]