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Supplemental Material, sj-pptx-4-gsj-10.1177_21925682211027833 for Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by Junjun Fan, Tao Liu, Xin Dong, Siguo Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Chunbao Yang, Xin Yin, Bo Liao and Xiaoxiang Li in Global Spine Journal

Powdery mildew has been recognized as a destructive foliar disease for Tibetan hulless barley and causes huge economic losses every year. However, little is known about the genetic and molecular basis of resistance to powdery mildew in hulless barley, especially the epigenetic mechanism. To understand the change patterns of histone modification after pathogen inoculation, we performed a genome-wide analysis of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations of samples from five time points using two different barley varieties (G7 is resistant to powdery mildew and Z13 is susceptible). By integration analysis of ChIP-seq and transcriptome data, we found that more than 80% of differential expressed genes may be regulated by differentially chromatin modification, suggesting that epigenetic changes have an important regulatory role in resistance response to powdery mildew. Our study provides a first glimpse into epigenetic regulation in disease response in barley, and these data represent a resource to the community for future exploitation of molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance response.

Tibetan hulless barley (qingke) is an important food crop in the Tibetan plateau. However, it often suffers from drought stress resulting in reduction of food production because of the extreme plateau environment. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the drought resistance of qingke, the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of drought-sensitive (D) and drought-resistant (XL) accessions were characterized in experiments with a time course design. The phenylpropanoid pathway was reprogrammed by downregulating the lignin pathway and increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins, and this regulation improved plant tolerance for drought stress. Besides, flavonoid glycosides have induced accumulation of metabolites that participated in drought stress resistance. HVUL7H11410 exhibited the activity of wide-spectrum glucosyltransferase and mediated flavonoid glycosylation to enhance drought stress resistance. Overall, the findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying drought stress tolerance associated with metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, the flavonoid-enriched qingke is more tolerant to drought stress and can be used as a functional food to benefit human health.

Supplemental Material, sj-pptx-1-gsj-10.1177_21925682211027833 for Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by Junjun Fan, Tao Liu, Xin Dong, Siguo Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Chunbao Yang, Xin Yin, Bo Liao and Xiaoxiang Li in Global Spine Journal

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-2-gsj-10.1177_21925682211027833 for Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by Junjun Fan, Tao Liu, Xin Dong, Siguo Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Chunbao Yang, Xin Yin, Bo Liao and Xiaoxiang Li in Global Spine Journal

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-3-gsj-10.1177_21925682211027833 for Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by Junjun Fan, Tao Liu, Xin Dong, Siguo Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Chunbao Yang, Xin Yin, Bo Liao and Xiaoxiang Li in Global Spine Journal

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants. However, excessive use of N fertilizer for cultivation is an environmental hazard. A good adaption to N deficiency is known in the Tibetan hulless barley. Therefore, it is of interest to complete the metabolic analysis on LSZQK which is a low nitrogen (low-N) sensitive genotype and Z0284 that is tolerant to low-N. We identified and quantified 750 diverse metabolites in this analysis. The two genotypes show differences in their basal metabolome under normal N condition. Polyphenols and lipids related metabolites were significantly enriched in Z0284 having a basal role prior to exposure to low-N stress. Analysis of the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) induced by low-N explain the genotype-specific responses. Fourteen DAMs showed similar patterns of change between low-N and control conditions in both genotypes. This could be the core low-N responsive metabolites regardless of the tolerance level in hulless barley. We also identified 4 DAMs (serotonin, MAG (18:4) isomer 2, tricin 7-O-feruloylhexoside and gluconic acid) shared by both genotypes displaying opposite patterns of regulation under low-N conditions and may play important roles in low-N tolerance. This report provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N stress tolerance in hulless barley.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, during the perioperative period on vertebral body bone mineral density (BMD) after spinal fusion surgery in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: The medical records of postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis who underwent instrumented intervertebral fusion for lumbar degenerative disease between July 2016 and May 2018 were reviewed. Patients with comorbidities or condition which might affect bone metabolism were excluded. Forty-six patients did not receive anti-osteoporosis treatment before surgery and during the postoperative follow-up (untreated group). Another 46 patients who was treated with zoledronic acid perioperatively were matched for age and body mass index to patients in the untreated group. Preoperative and postoperative dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) records and lumbar BMD values of the involved spinal segments and of the cephalad levels, as well as of the femoral neck were recorded. Results: A significant decrease of cephalad vertebral BMD values was observed in the untreated group (-11.47%, P < 0.001), with a slight decrease of the femoral neck (-1.28%, P > 0.05). Zoledronic acid prevented rapid bone loss after instrumented intervertebral fusion surgery, with a bone loss in the cephalad levels of -0.76 ± 4.71% compared to -11.47 ± 16.45% in the untreated group ( P < 0.001). while the change in BMD of the femoral neck in the treated group was 1.52 ± 5.88% compared to -1.28 ± 6.58% in the untreated group ( P = 0.036). Conclusions: Perioperative zoledronic acid treatment may offer protection against a significant decrease in BMD of cephalad vertebrae after spinal fusion surgery among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Lateral recess stenosis is a common pathology causing clinical syndromes in the elderly population, and there is some concern regarding the number of comorbidities that can occur when performing surgery for this condition in the elderly. However, little research has focused on the issues related to older age, and limited data is available to help the clinician counsel elderly patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression. The present study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression for lumbar degenerative disease in elderly patients with lumbar lateral recess stenosis and to determine whether age and comorbidity affect the outcome and complication rate. We identified 117 patients in our patient database who underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression for single-level lumbar lateral recess stenosis. Data regarding the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale for back and leg pain were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. Other data, including preoperative comorbidities, operation time, and intraoperative and postoperative complications, were recorded. The average follow-up period was 29.9 ± 5.5 months, with a mean age of 69.8 ± 5.4 years in elderly patients (group A) and 50.4 ± 6.4 years in younger patients (group B). Group A had a higher percentage of comorbidity than group B (83.9% vs 18.0%, P .05). The elderly patients had the same high rate of favorable outcomes as group B (P > .05). Moreover, there was no difference in surgical complications, recurrence, and neurologic deficit recovery rate between both groups. No major complications or perioperative deaths occurred in both groups. The present study demonstrates that percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal decompression for lateral recess stenosis in elderly patients may be a reasonable treatment associated with substantial benefit.

Plants cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grow in an extremely cold environment and thus are exposed to cold stress. To assess the metabolic processes during cold exposure of Tibetan hulless barley (Hordeum distichon L.), metabolic analyses were conducted on one tolerant (XiLa) and one sensitive (ZangQing) cultivar exposed to six temperatures (24 °C, 12 °C, 5 °C, 0 °C, −5 °C, −8 °C) for 24 h. In total, 770 metabolites were identified, including amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates, flavonoids, lipids, nucleotides and derivatives, and phenolamides. In principal component analysis, the samples were clearly grouped according to the cultivar, suggesting that the two cultivars have differential responses to cold stress. In cold-grown plants, eight metabolites, including monoacylglycerol (MAG, 18:2), MAG (18:3), deoxyadenosine, 6-methylmercaptopurine, and coniferin, were significantly altered in XiLa, but not in ZangQing when compared to the levels in control plants, and thus, these compounds can be considered as potential biomarkers of exposure to cold stress in hulless barley. Furthermore, differentially altered metabolites between seedlings exposed to −8 °C and those maintained at 24 °C were significantly enriched in glutathione metabolism. The findings of this study will be useful for the development of cultivars with cold stress tolerance.