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The Bainiuchang Ag polymetallic deposit is located at the junction between the Cathaysia, Yangtze, China and Indosinian blocks. It has experienced many geological events, and records excellent conditions for multiple mineralization. In this paper, elemental correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, a semivariogram of Zn/Pb values, mineralization distribution and trend surface analysis have been carried out based on the prospecting database and ore body model. Our results show that Ag–Pb–Zn were mineralized at moderate temperatures. Tin was mineralized at high temperatures, and Sn and Zn/Pb values are well correlated. The Zn/Pb values can be used for tracing the ore-forming fluid. The semivariogram revealed that the Zn/Pb values are moderately spatially dependent, with good mineralization continuity in the 100° and 10° directions. The spatial pattern of the elemental grade correlates with mineralization enrichment. The trend surface analysis shows that the Ag, Pb, Zn, and Cu mineralization is weak in the south and strong in the north of the deposit, and the Sn grades and Zn/Pb values are high in the south and low in the north. High-temperature Sn, medium-temperature Cu, and medium-temperature Ag–Pb–Zn mineralization have occurred in a south-to-north trend. Therefore, the source of the ore-forming fluid was in the southern part of the mining area. During the migration of the ore-forming fluid from south to north, different minerals were precipitated due to changes in the physicochemical environment. The spatial patterns of mineralization may provide a basis for studying the formation of the ore deposit, and can guide ore exploration and mining in the mine area and similar ore deposits elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]