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Abstract Background Gliomas are the highly aggressive brain tumor and also the most devastating human tumors. The latent TGF binding proteins (LTBP) had been found to be involved in malignant biological process and could be used as potent biomarkers in several solid tumors. While the role of LTBP family in human glioma remain to be elucidated. Methods Normalized gene expression and corresponding clinical data of 2407 gliomas samples in public datasets were downloaded from Gliovis. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox regression analysis was used for survival analyses.Western blot (WB) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing were employed to test LTBPs protein level in 154 gliomas samples. Correlation between LTBP2 expression and immune infiltration was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) and IHC in glioma tissues. CCK8 and flow cytometric analysis were used to detect the effect of LTBP2 on glioma cells. Orthotopic glioma- mouse models were utilized to evaluate effects in vivo. Results LTBP2 mRNA level was dramatically higher in glioma samples compared with non-tumor brain tissues in XENA-TCGA_GTEx, Gill and Gravendeel datasets (all P

BackgroundMany cancer patients have not received timely treatment or even had treatment interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether the prognosis of patients with breast cancer after surgery was affected by any interruptions in radiotherapy.MethodsThe healthcare documents for breast cancer patients experiencing radiotherapy interruption after surgery, including treatment-related characteristics, and time of interruption, type of disease progression, and survival status, were collected between January and April 2020 during the Wuhan blockade.ResultsThe final number of patients included was 148, and neither the Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve nor the cross-tabulation analysis found statistical significance. Cox regression analysis also did not identify risk factors associated with PFS.ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with postoperative breast cancer may not be significantly impacted by the interruption of radiotherapy, given its integration with additional treatments like targeted and endocrine therapies.

Summary: Gastric cancer exerts a significant healthcare burden worldwide and is highly geographically heterogeneous. This study investigates the burden of gastric cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and compares it with Japan, South Korea, and the United States. The results indicated a declining trend in ASIR and ASDR in four countries. However, the incidence and death rates in China remain disproportionately high. Significant gender disparities exist in the incidence and death rates, with males experiencing significantly higher rates than females. Incidence and death rates were found to increase with age in all studied countries. In China, a transient upward trend was observed in the period effect, whereas the cohort effect has been declining. In contrast, the remaining countries showed decreasing patterns in both period and cohort effects. The burden of disease remains high in China, therefore, broaden the scope of gastroscopy screening and concentrate on high-risk groups is vital.

Breast cancer remains one of the predominant malignancies worldwide. In the context of inoperable advanced or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, systemic management primarily relies on HER2-targeting monoclonal antibodies. With the successful development of anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), these agents have been increasingly integrated into therapeutic regimens for metastatic breast cancer. Here, we present the case of a 42-year-old female patient with HER2-positive pulmonary metastatic breast cancer who underwent an extensive treatment protocol. This protocol included chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, surgical intervention on the breast, and anti-HER2 therapies. The anti-HER2 therapies involved both singular and dual targeting strategies using trastuzumab and the ADC disitamab vedotin (RC48) over an 8-year period. After experiencing disease progression following HER2-targeted therapy with RC48, the patient achieved noticeable partial remission through a therapeutic regimen that combined trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS8201) and tislelizumab. The data suggest a promising role for DS8201 in managing advanced stages of HER2-amplified metastatic breast cancer, especially in cases that demonstrate progression after initial HER2-directed therapies using ADCs. Furthermore, its combination with anti-PD-1 agents enhances therapeutic efficacy by augmenting the anti-tumoral immune response.

ObjectiveThis study amied to investigate the prognostic characteristics of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients by analyzing B cell marker genes based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing.MethodsUtilizing single-cell sequencing data from TNBC patients, we examined tumor-associated B cell marker genes. Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as the foundation for predictive modeling. Independent validation set was conducted using the GSE58812 dataset. Immune cell infiltration into the tumor was assessed through various, including XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, and ssGSEA. The TIDE score was utilized to predict immunotherapy outcomes. Additional investigations were conducted on the immune checkpoint blockade gene, tumor mutational load, and the GSEA enrichment analysis.ResultsOur analysis encompassed 22,106 cells and 20,556 genes in cancerous tissue samples from four TNBC patients, resulting in the identification of 116 B cell marker genes. A B cell marker gene score (BCMG score) involving nine B cell marker genes (ZBP1, SEL1L3, CCND2, TNFRSF13C, HSPA6, PLPP5, CXCR4, GZMB, and CCDC50) was developed using TCGA transcriptomic data, revealing statistically significant differences in survival analysis (P

Background: An imbalance of redox homeostasis participates in tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis, which results from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the biological mechanism and prognostic significance of redox-associated messenger RNAs (ramRNAs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) still remain unclear.Methods: Transcriptional profiles and clinicopathological information were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) of LUAD patients. A total of 31 overlapped ramRNAs were determined, and patients were separated into three subtypes by unsupervised consensus clustering. Biological functions and tumor immune-infiltrating levels were analyzed, and then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The TCGA cohort was divided into a training set and an internal validation set at a ratio of 6:4. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to compute the risk score and determine the risk cutoff in the training set. Both TCGA and GEO cohort were distinguished into a high-risk or low-risk group at the median cutoff, and then, relationships of mutation characteristics, tumor stemness, immune differences, and drug sensitivity were investigated.Results: Five optimal signatures (ANLN, HLA-DQA1, RHOV, TLR2, and TYMS) were selected. Patients in the high-risk group had poorer prognosis, higher tumor mutational burden, overexpression of PD-L1, and lower immune dysfunction and exclusion score compared with the low-risk group. Cisplatin, docetaxel, and gemcitabine had significantly lower IC50 in the high-risk group.Conclusion: This study constructed a novel predictive signature of LUAD based on redox-associated genes. Risk score based on ramRNAs served as a promising biomarker for prognosis, TME, and anti-cancer therapies of LUAD.

Accumulating studies indicated that gut microbial changes played key roles in the progression of multiple diseases, which seriously threaten the host health. Gut microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with the development of diarrhea, but gut microbial composition and variability in diarrheic horses have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated gut fungal compositions and changes in healthy and diarrheic horses using amplicon sequencing. Results indicated that the alpha and beta diversities of gut fungal community in diarrheal horses changed significantly, accompanied by distinct changes in taxonomic compositions. The types of main fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota) in healthy and diarrheal horses were same but different in relative abundances. However, the species and abundances of dominant fungal genera in diarrheal horses changed significantly compared with healthy horses. Results of Metastats analysis indicated that all differential fungal phyla (Blastocladiomycota, Kickxellomycota, Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, and Olpidiomycota) showed a decreasing trend during diarrhea. Moreover, a total of 175 differential fungal genera were identified for the gut fungal community between healthy and diarrheal horses, where 4 fungal genera increased significantly, 171 bacterial genera decreased dramatically during diarrhea. Among these decreased bacteria, 74 fungal genera even completely disappeared from the intestine. Moreover, this is the first comparative analysis of equine gut fungal community in different health states, which is beneficial to understand the important role of gut fungal community in equine health.

Increasing evidence reveals the importance of gut microbiota in animals for regulating intestinal homeostasis, metabolism, and host health. The gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in horses remains scarce. This study investigated and compared gut microbial changes in horses during diarrhea. The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in diarrheic horses decreased observably, accompanied by obvious shifts in taxonomic compositions. The dominant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Kiritimatiellaeota) and genera (uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae, uncultured_bacterium_f_p-251-o5, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, and Treponema_2) in the healthy and diarrheic horses were same regardless of health status but different in abundances. Compared with the healthy horses, the relative abundances of Planctomycetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, and Proteobacteria in the diarrheic horses were observably decreased, whereas Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Fibrobacteres were dramatically increased. Moreover, diarrhea also resulted in a significant reduction in the proportions of 31 genera and a significant increase in the proportions of 14 genera. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the gut bacterial diversity and abundance of horses changed significantly during diarrhea. Additionally, these findings also demonstrated that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be an important driving factor of diarrhea in horses.

Abstract Background Ruminants serve as one of the most important reservoirs for pathogenic Escherichia coli. Infection with E. coli, a foodborne enteropathogen, can lead to asymptomatic infections that can cause life-threatening complications in humans. Therefore, from a clinical and human health perspective, it is important to know which virulence genes, phylogenetic groups, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in E. coli strains in yaks with diarrheic infections. Methods Two-hundred and ninety-two rectal swabs were collected from diarrheic yaks in Qinghai Plateau, China. The antimicrobial sensitivity of each resulting isolate was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method, and different PCR assays were performed for the detection of virulence genes and different phylogroups. Additionally, strains were allocated to different serogroups based on the presence of O antigen via the slide agglutination method. Results Among the E. coli isolates tested, most of the isolates were multidrug resistant (97%) and harbored at least one virulence gene (100%). We observed ten virulence genes (sfa, eaeA, cnf1, etrA, papC, hlyA, aer, faeG, rfc, and sepA), of which sfa was the most commonly found (96.9%). Significant positive associations between some resistance phenotypes and virulence genes were observed (P 1). The majority of the E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup A (79.5%), and the others belonged to phylogroups B1 (7.5%), D (4.1%), B2 (5.8%), and F (0.7%). Among all the E. coli strains tested, serogroups O91 and O145 were the most prevalent, accounting for 15.4 and 14.4%, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that yaks with diarrhea serve as a reservoir of pathogenic E. coli carrying various virulence genes and resistance phenotypes. Therefore, clinicians and relevant authorities must ensure the regulatory use of antimicrobial agents and prevent the spread of these organisms through manure to farm workers and food-processing plants.

Background & objectives: Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) which is a major threat to animals and humans health. This virus has been reported earlier from low altitude regions of Tibet, in mosquitoes, Tibetan pigs and local Tibetans, but no reports are available for the probable propagation of JE to high altitude regions (3100 m) of Tibet. This study aimed to find the evidence of JEV in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and pigs from high altitude regions of Tibet, China. Methods: In total, 102 porcine serum samples and eight pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were subjected to real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for the amplification of a fragment (~ 420 bp) of the NS1 gene. The resultant amplicons of the genes were subsequently analyzed and sequenced. Results: Overall seroprevalence of JE in Tibetan pigs was 6.86%, while five pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were found positive for JEV. Results showed genotype III as the most prevalent (100%) among JEV positive isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the JEV positive strains showed 98.8-99% similarity to four reference strains from China (JEV-Hubei, Whe, HYZ and CQ11-66). Interpretation & conclusion: The present study revealed that JEV has extended its geographic range to high altitude regions of Tibet. The factors like increased tourism and transportation might play key role in the transmission of JE that comprises a potential health risk for humans and animals.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is one of the most common problems in the poultry industry and leads to lameness by affecting the proximal growth plate of the tibia. However, due to the unique environmental and geographical conditions of Tibet, no case of TD has been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on blood parameters and tibial growth plate development in chickens using the complete blood count, morphology, and histological examination. The results of this study showed an undesirable impact on the overall performance, body weight, and mortality of Arbor Acres chickens (AACs) exposed to a high altitude hypoxic environment. However, AACs raised under hypoxic conditions showed an elevated number of red blood cells (RBCs) and an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values on day 14 compared to the hypobaric normoxia group. Notably, the morphology and histology analyses showed that the size of tibial growth plates in AACs was enlarged and that the blood vessel density was also higher after exposure to the hypoxic environment for 14 days, while no such change was observed in TBCs. Altogether, our results revealed that the hypoxic environment has a potentially new role in increasing the blood vessel density of proximal tibial growth plates to strengthen and enhance the size of the growth plates, which may provide new insights for the therapeutic manipulation of hypoxia in poultry TD.

We investigated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) prevalence in high-altitude regions of Tibet, China, by using standard assays to test mosquitoes, pigs, and humans. Results confirmed that JEV has spread to these areas. Disease prevention and control strategies should be used along with surveillance to limit spread of JEV in high-altitude regions of Tibet.

Ehrlichia canis is an important zoonotic tick-borne pathogen transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latrielle) that causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) in dogs. We have investigated the prevalence of R. sanguineus and E. canis infection in pet dogs in Wenzhou, China. Serum samples were obtained from animal hospitals were examined for antibodies by commercial rapid in-clinic ELISA kits. Ticks were collected from dogs and molecular detection methods were used to identify the tick species and CME by amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and disulfide oxidoreductase gene, respectively. The results indicated that 1.29% of the serum samples were positive for E. canis, and 5.50% of dogs were infested with ticks. The Wenzhou samples of R. sanguineus exhibited a high homology (99.7%-99.8%) and these parasites showed a 99.1%-100% homology to previously reported isolates. The E. canis derived from R. sanguineus in the current study showed a similarity of 98.7%-99.7% to previously published isolates. Our results indicate that precaution should be employed for the potential threat posed by these ticks, especially to pet owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theileria, Babesia and Cryptosporidium are important parasitic pathogens in cattle. Herein, we carried out this survey to reveal the prevalence and genetic characteristics of four important protozoa in yaks in western China. A total of 1091 serum samples were totally acquired from yaks on the high remote plateau and were assayed for antibodies against Theileria and Babesia by pilot commercial ELISA kits. Eighty-five blood samples and 57 feces were obtained and PCR analyses were performed. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of Theileria, Babesia and mixed Theileria-Babesia infections in yaks was 15.12, 21.54 and 6.51%, respectively. Four out of 85 blood samples were observed to be PCR-positive for Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina) with 99.77% similarity to the MK587709.1 isolate. Among the 57 fecal samples, five samples tested positive for C. parvum (IId genotype), while one sample tested positive for C. hominis. Our study provides a solid theoretical basis for the need to prevent infections of animals by those protozoa in order to improve yaks' productivity on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The avian lymphoid leukosis is caused by various avian retroviruses which induce a variety of benign and malignant neoplasm in domestic chickens with subsequent economic losses to poultry industry. Effected birds show lymphocyte tumor, abnormal proliferation and series of tumors in connective tissues and other visceral organs. To evaluate the status of lymphoid leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A) infection in freerange chickens in five different cities of Anhui province, a total of 732 serum samples were analyzed through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in 2015 and 2016. The diagnosis of avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV-A) infection was confirmed by necropsy, histopathological examinations and PCR analysis. The results showed, 20 chickens as positive for ALV-A (2.73%, 95% CI 1.7-4.2) and these chickens were found to be positive for ALV-A with the further distribution of 2.91% (95% CI 1.0-6.7), 3.70% (95% CI 1.5-7.5), 2.48% (95% CI 0.5-7.1), 3.13% (95% CI 0.6-8.9) and 1.30% (95% CI 0.2-4.6) in Anhui province of Huaibei, Suzhou, Bozhou, Bengbu and Fuyang, respectively. The present survey showed that free-ranging chickens of Anhui province have been exposed to lymphoid leukosis virus subgroup A, indicating a high risk factor for poultry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ruminants serve as one of the most important reservoirs for pathogenic Escherichia coli. Infection with E. coli, a foodborne enteropathogen, can lead to asymptomatic infections that can cause life-threatening complications in humans. Therefore, from a clinical and human health perspective, it is important to know which virulence genes, phylogenetic groups, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in E. coli strains in yaks with diarrheic infections. Methods: Two-hundred and ninety-two rectal swabs were collected from diarrheic yaks in Qinghai Plateau, China. The antimicrobial sensitivity of each resulting isolate was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method, and different PCR assays were performed for the detection of virulence genes and different phylogroups. Additionally, strains were allocated to different serogroups based on the presence of O antigen via the slide agglutination method. Results: Among the E. coli isolates tested, most of the isolates were multidrug resistant (97%) and harbored at least one virulence gene (100%). We observed ten virulence genes (sfa, eaeA, cnf1, etrA, papC, hlyA, aer, faeG, rfc, and sepA), of which sfa was the most commonly found (96.9%). Significant positive associations between some resistance phenotypes and virulence genes were observed (P < 0.05, OR > 1). The majority of the E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup A (79.5%), and the others belonged to phylogroups B1 (7.5%), D (4.1%), B2 (5.8%), and F (0.7%). Among all the E. coli strains tested, serogroups O91 and O145 were the most prevalent, accounting for 15.4 and 14.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that yaks with diarrhea serve as a reservoir of pathogenic E. coli carrying various virulence genes and resistance phenotypes. Therefore, clinicians and relevant authorities must ensure the regulatory use of antimicrobial agents and prevent the spread of these organisms through manure to farm workers and foodprocessing plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic nematodes of Oesophagostomum spp., commonly known as 'nodular worms' are one of the most widely distributed and prevalent emerging zoonotic nematodes. However, little is known about the prevalence and gene characteristics of those parasites in Tibetan pigs. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, isolation and identification of Oesophagostomum spp from Tibetan pigs by genetic markers of nad1, cox3 and ITS1 for the first time. The results revealed that the infection rate of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum by genetic markers of nad1 was 81.13%; 35 (66.04%); the O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum by genetic markers cox3 was 66.04%, and O. dentatum and O. stephanostomum by genetic markers ITS1 was found to be 77.36%. Interestingly, the O. stephanostomum specie was identified and isolated from 90.48% stomach and 69.23% colon samples by genetic markers of ITS1. The present study, for the first time has described the presence and genetic characterization of Oesophagostomun spp of O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and especially O. stephanostomum in Tibetan pigs from the high and remote Tibetan plateau. A public concern should be raised in terms of economical losses and severe public health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a zoonotic animal disease causing a serious obstacle to public health, social and economic progress, food security and food safety. The present study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province, China. A total 2007serum samples were obtained from 6 counties in Hubei province in 2014 and 2015 and were tested for antibodies to Brucella by serum agglutination test. The results showed that the seroprevalence of Brucella in goats was 0.25% (95% CI= 0.1-0.6). In different genders, the prevalence were 0.21% (95% CI= 0-0.8) and 0.28% (95% CI= 0.1-0.8) in male and female goats, respectively. In different seasons, the prevalence ranged from 0 to 0.38% with the distribution of that 0 (95 CI: 0.0, 0.1) in spring; 0.35% (95 CI: 0.1, 0.3) in summer; 0.38% (95 CI: 0.1, 0.6) in autumn and 0 (95 CI: 0.0, 1.3) in winter, respectively. The present study herein indicated the existence of Brucella infection in goats in Hubei province in serology for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survey was to investigate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China. A total 454 serum samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi in 2014 and 2015. Each sample was assayed for T. gondii antibodies by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and an indirect hemagglutination test. The results showed that seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 25.6% by ELISA. On gender basis, the prevalence was found 25.1% in males and 27.8% in females. By the method of IHA, the seroprevalence in Tibetan pigs were 21.6%, and the prevalence was found 23.1% and 21.4% in males and females, respectively. The results indicates that the Tibetan gigs were exposed to T. gondii in Tibet area, which should arise a public concern of the threat to human and other animals in this unique region of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate the seroprevalence of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) in Tibetan pigs on Tibetan plateau of China, a total of 454 serum samples were collected from December 2014 to January 2015 and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Streptococcus antibodies. The seroprevalence was found to be 61.79% (95% CI 55.4-67.9), 57.81% (95% CI 50.5-64.9) and 62.50% (95% CI 35.4-84.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo'gvamda respectively; and 61.34% (95% CI 54.1-68.2) of females and 59.23 % (95% CI 53.0-65.3) of males were found to be positive for S. suis. These findings suggested a high seroprevalence of S. suis in Tibet pigs triggering a public concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we collected 565 fecal samples from free-range Tibetan yaks to examine whether these animals can serve as a reservoir for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing of each resulting isolate was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method, whereas PCR analysis was performed for detection of resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, strains containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) genes were initially identified via the double-disk synergy method and confirmed by PCR analysis. Of the 488 E. coli isolates examined, approximately 31.1% were multidrug resistant. OmpA (30.2%) and etrA (23.1%), and blaCTX-M (27.6%) and blaTEM (14.4%) were the mainly prevalent virulence and drug resistance genes, respectively. Notably, we detected the CTX-M type but not the SHV type among the ESBL-producing strains and there was a significant association between resistance and virulence genes for aac(3)-lla, blaTEM/ompA, blaCTX-M/etrA, and cmlA/cnf1 (P<0.05). Lastly, the majority of the strains belonged to phylogroup A (72.7%). This is the first report of the occurrence of pathogenic and antimicrobialresistant ESBL-producing E. coli strains in free-range Tibetan yaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the drug resistance profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from Tibetan piglets having white score diarrhea in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau of China. A total of 81 E. coli strains were isolated from 83 fecal samples. While commonly used antimicrobial drugs and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the drug resistant and representative drug resistance genes. The results showed that the isolated E. coli was highly resistant to medemycin (100%), aztreonam (87.65%), tobramycin (55.56%), and kanamycin (46.91%), and lower resistant to cefoxitin (40.74%) and ceftazidime (30.86%). Isolates tolerant to 3 or more than 3 antimicrobial drugs accounted for 87.65% and were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). The prevalent genes detected were blaTEM and aac-Im, belonging to beta-Lactamases and aminoglycosides, class respectively. In conclusion, the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli from free-ranging Tibetan piglets showed a high tolerant rate than other regions of China. The results of the present study revealed that, the use of single antibiotic for a long period of time was the main reason that increased the antibiotic resistance in Tibetan pigs. Therefore, the insensitive antimicrobial drugs should be avoided in clinical treatment of bacterial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word-wildly spread Theileria, is an economical important parasite to sheep and goats production. However, a little is known about whether goats in Hubei province are exposed to Theileriosis. Therefore, a survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Theileria infection in goats in Hubei province, China. A total 912 and 1047 serum samples were collected in 2014 and 2015, respectively and were assayed for Theileria antibodies by ELISA. The results showed that the prevalence was 17.0 and 21.8% in 2014 and 2015, respectively, which had revealed a growing trend of Theileriosis infection in goats in Hubei province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]