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Lung cancer is one of the most serious cancers in the world. Subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma can be quickly distinguished by analyzing 3D radiomic signatures and radiological features.This study included 493 patients from 3 hospitals with a total of 506 lesions confirmed as minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). After segmenting the lesion area, 3D radiomic signatures were extracted using the PyRadiomics package v. 3.0.1 implemented in Python (https://pyradiomics.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html), and the corresponding radiological features were collected. Subsequently, the top 100 features were identified by feature screening methods, including the Spearman rank correlation and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature selection, and the top 10 features were determined by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a nomogram incorporating 3D radiomic signatures and radiological features in the prediction system. The nomogram was evaluated from multiple perspectives and tested on the validation cohort.The model combined 3 radiological features and seven 3D radiomic signatures. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.877 (95% CI: 0.829-0.925) in the training cohort, 0.864 (95% CI: 0.789-0.940) in the testing cohort, and 0.836 (95% CI: 0.749-0.924) in the validation cohort. The nomogram applied in all 3 cohorts showed reliable accuracy and calibration. The decision curve also demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of the nomogram.In this study, a nomogram-based model combining 3D radiomic signatures and radiological features was developed. Its performance in identifying IAC and MIA/AIS was satisfactory and had clinical value.

Deep learning–based segmentation models usually require substantial data, and the model usually suffers from poor generalization due to the lack of training data and inefficient network structure. We proposed to combine the deformable model and medical transformer neural network on the image segmentation task to alleviate the aforementioned problems. The proposed method first employs a statistical shape model to generate simulated contours of the target object, and then the thin plate spline is applied to create a realistic texture. Finally, a medical transformer network was constructed to segment three types of medical images, including prostate MR image, heart US image, and tongue color images. The segmentation accuracy of the three tasks achieved 89.97%, 91.90%, and 94.25%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves medical image segmentation performance. Graphical abstract

The discrimination approach of adulterated milk was proposed combined synchronous two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation slice spectra at the characteristic wavebands of adulterant in milk with multivariate method. Two common adulterants, melamine and urea, were analyzed to demonstrate useful by the method. 2T2D (near infrared) NIR slice spectra at characteristic wavebands of adulterant were extracted from the synchronous 2T2D correlation spectra, and were input to construct the N-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA) models. One-dimensional (1D) spectroscopy featuring all the present components in the samples combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was also evaluated for comparison. The results indicated that for one kind of adulterant in model, prediction accuracies of slice spectral models were both 100% for melamine-adulterated and urea-adulterated samples discrimination. Moreover, for two kinds of adulterants in model, prediction accuracies of slice spectral models were 90.57% and 100% for melamine-adulterated and urea-adulterated discrimination, respectively, which was better than those of 1D whole models based on PLS-DA (only 81.13% and 98.15%, respectively). The comparison informs that the 2T2D slice spectra extracted at the characteristic wavebands of adulterant highlighted the adulterant spectral features and was obviously advantage to improve the discrimination accuracy. Meanwhile, the complexity of slice spectra is significantly reduced compared with the whole matrix of synchronous 2T2D correlation spectra.

Inefficient sample preparation methods hinder the performance of high-throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy (H-SMFS) for viscous damping among reactants and unstable linkage. Here, we demonstrated a sample preparation method for H-SMFS systems to achieve a higher ratio of effective target molecules per sample cell by gas-phase silanization and reactant hydrophobization. Digital holographic centrifugal force microscopy (DH-CFM) was used to verify its performance. The experimental result indicated that the DNA stretching success ratio was improved from 0.89% to 13.5%. This enhanced efficiency preparation method has potential application for force-based DNA stretching experiments and other modifying procedures.

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) plays a vital role in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to its nanoscale resolution. However, the realization of highly precise measurement for AFM is still a challenge. A main factor is the positioning accuracy of the piezoelectric scanner (PZT), affected significantly by the hysteresis of PZT. The paper reports a new dynamic polynomial fitting method modeling hysteresis to achieve the inverse model of the PZT. The inverse model is used as the feedforward input, combined with the fuzzy feedback controller proposed in our former paper, to correct the nonlinear errors induced by the hysteresis. The method is demonstrated to be effective in improving the positioning accuracy of the lateral PZT. Its accuracy can achieve 1 nm.

Argon oxygen decarbonization (AOD) slag refers to a byproduct of stainless steel (SS) production, which has caused considerable environmental stress. Finding an effective approach for recycling AOD slag is essential to environmental safety. In this work, batch leaching tests were carried out to explore the leaching behavior of AOD slag and soil. Pot experiments was conducted to analyze the fertilization effect of AOD slag for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) planting. The plant height, biomass, total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root tips (RT), root hairs (RH)), chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the tall fescue seedlings were measured. As indicated from the results, adding AOD slag into soil increased soil pH. The leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Al, Cr of the AOD slag was higher than the original soil, while that of Mg, Mn, and Fe was lower. Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect. Elevating the rate of AOD slag fertilization increased the Cr accumulation in the tall fescue seedling that aggravated damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the AOD slag fertilization was at a low rate (≤1%), ROS scavenging was attributed to the synergistic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) defense systems, while at a high rate (≥2%) of AOD slag fertilization, scavenging of excessive ROS could be mainly due to the CAT defense system.

To improve the robustness of near infrared (NIR) identification models for the milk adulteration, a novel approach was explored based on asynchronous two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) slice spectra obtained at characteristic wavebands for pure milk and adulterant combined with an N-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA). NIR diffuse reflectance spectra from four different brands, Guangming (GM), Mengniu (MN), Sanyuan (SY), and Wandashan (WDS), were collected in range of 11,000 to 4000 cm

Argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag is the by-product of the stainless steel refining process, which has caused considerable environmental stress. In this work, the utilization of AOD slag as mineral fertilizer for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) planting were investigated by pot experiments. The morpho-physiological parameters of biomass, plant height, root morphology and the biochemical parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and chlorophyll were measured. The accumulation of chromium in plants was also determined for an environmental safety perspective. It was found that low rates (≤0.5 wt.% for alfalfa and ≤2 wt.% for perennial ryegrass) of AOD slag fertilization are beneficial to the growth of these two plants. However, the soil enrichment with higher AOD slag amounts resulted in the reduction of biomass, plant height, and root growth. Compared with the alfalfa, the perennial ryegrass showed higher tolerance for AOD slag fertilization. The toxicity of the utilization of AOD slag as mineral fertilizer for perennial ryegrass planting is slight. Health risks induced by the consumption of the alfalfa grown on the soil with high AOD slag rates (≥8 wt.%) were detected.

PLZT is an excellent electro-optic material. The anti-glare goggles composed of PLZT and driving circuit have a good application in strong laser protection. With the increasing popularity of anti-glare PLZT goggles, the measurement of the photoelectric parameters of PLZT goggles becomes important. This article aims to develop an optoelectronic parameter measuring system for the anti-glare PLZT goggles. When the change of the illuminance or the illuminance of the light incident on the PLZT surface reaches a certain threshold, the PLZT driving circuit quickly controls the change of the working state of the PLZT and reduces the light transmittance of the PLZT. Avoid blindness or eyes burns during strong flashes. After the strong flash is over, the light transmittance can be automatically restored to normal conditions within a certain period of time. In this paper, the integrating sphere and high-power LED are used as the light source to generate uniform glare, and the microcontroller is used to control the output optical power. Two output windows are arranged on the integrating sphere, one is used to detect the actual output illuminance of the integrating sphere, that is the illuminance of the surface incident on the PLZT surface, and the PLZT to be detected is placed after the other window, and the illuminance after entering the PLZT is detected. Two photodiodes are used to detect the illuminance of the two beams, and the two results are used to calculate the light transmittance and change time through the PLZT.

Aim The study was conducted to investigate the role of c-Myc in the regulation of ionizing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells. Methods Control and c-Myc-silenced Hela cells were collected at different time points after 60Co γ-ray radiation. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was applied to determine the percentage of cells in M phase. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting were used to detect the induction of autophagy after radiation. Immunoblotting was also used to measure the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Results In c-Myc-silenced cells, radiation induced delayed but long-lasting G2/M arrest and an abnormal M phase compared with the control. In addition, c-Myc knockdown significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death induced by radiation. Meanwhile, radiation-induced autophagy appeared stronger in c-Myc-silenced cells. Mechanically, we found that Caspase 8 and survivin expression was decreased in c-Myc-silenced Hela-630 cells. Conclusions These data showed that c-Myc serves as a co-regulator in radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells.

Most biological cells live in turbid media that poses an obstacle to real-time measurement of morphology, which is significant in the biomedical field. Imaging through turbid environments is experimentally challenging using visible-light illumination for multiple scattering. Therefore, an infrared digital holographic method is reported herein to test biological samples through turbid media that can achieve real-time three-dimensional morphology measurement. Pure milk is employed as turbid media with 500 μm maximum thickness. The correctness of phase reconstructed from the infrared system is proved compared to that of a visible-light system with less than a 10% deviation of phase difference.

Immediate medical intervention is required after pelvic tumor radiotherapy to protect the radiosensitive intestine and also to mitigate tumor growth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to promote tissue repair processes. Here, we analyzed the effect observed upon combining the TLR2 agonist, peptidoglycan (PGN), with radiation therapy on tumors as well as intestinal tissue, both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to radiotherapy alone, PGN when combined with ionizing radiation (IR) elicited enhanced antitumor effects and also reduced the IR-induced intestinal damage. Mechanistic studies showed that PGN first induced an IL13 response in the irradiated intestine, but was decreased in tumor cell models screened by Th1/Th2 FlowCytomix assay and validated by the application of IL13 and anti-IL13 neutralizing antibodies. Next, PGN stimulated Akt3, but not Akt1/2, as was verified by AKT1/2/3 plasmid transfection assay and in AKT1/2/3 knockout mice in vivo. Akt3 expression was inhibited in 20 μg/mL PGN-treated tumor cells and in 1.5 mg/kg PGN-treated mouse tumor models. However, Akt3 was raised via IL13 in the irradiated intestine and human intestinal cell line after the same treatment. Finally, PGN activated mTOR via IL13/AKT3 in the intestine and restored intestinal structure and function. As an adjuvant to radiotherapy, PGN inhibited tumorigenesis by suppression of mTOR activity. To summarize, the IL13/AKT3/mTOR pathway was lessened in PGN-treated irradiated tumors but was raised in the normal intestine tissue. This distinct effect of PGN on normal and tumor tissues during pelvic radiotherapy suggests that PGN may be a promising adjuvant therapy to radiation.

Synthetic aperture has been a common method in digital holographic microscopy resolution enhancement over the years. Multiangle illumination is one type of synthetic aperture methods. Reconstructed phase errors appeared when synthesizing aperture not considering the difference between different inclined incident beams' reconstruction distances. To reduce phase errors, this paper proposes a method using different reconstruction distances in inclined incident beams to achieve synthetic aperture resolution enhancement. A multiangle illumination reflectance digital holographic microscopy system is built to prove this method. The reconstruction distances can be calculated theoretically to compute the phase image. The phase image errors can be remarkably reduced by using the proposed method by analyzing the experimental result.

In-line digital holographic particle imaging is gifted with high axial resolution but axial displacement of nearly-in-focus or in-focus particle is unable to be measured because of twin-image problem. Both in-focus and out-of-focus particles can be measured by off-axis digital holographic particle imaging but with poor axial resolution. These two make particle tracking in three-dimensional more complicated. This paper proposes a compound method of in-line and off-axis digital holographic microscopy to measure the axial displacement of both the in-focus and out-of-focus particle with improved resolution up to nanometer scale collectively. In the proposed compound digital holographic microscopy (CDHM), the critical reconstruction distance (CRD) is calculated. The twin image effect can be resolved by ensuring the reconstruction distance is larger than the CRD, then in-line digital holographic particle imaging can be effectively applied. If the reconstruction distance is smaller than the CRD, the ring pixels of optical path length (RPOPL) method is applied to improve resolution. The axial displacement of silica particles 5 μ m and 10 μ m in diameter fixed on the piezoelectric stage were successfully measured using CDHM method at resolution up to 4 nm (in-focus particle) and 2 nm (out-of-focus particle).

Scanning heterodyne interferometers are widely used in micro-vibration measurements due to its high sensitivity and high resistivity to environment change. However, the amplitude range of scanning heterodyne interferometers is limited by the approximation in the theory to several nanometers. To solve this problem, a method for vibration amplitude range enhancement is proposed. By exploiting the Bessel functions, the interferometer is able to measure vibration amplitude ranging up to several hundred nanometers. The method was validated by measuring a micro-cantilever and the results were desirable. To further demonstrate the method, measurements were performed on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) with the maximum amplitude up to ∼ 300 nm.

A phase noise optimizing method was proposed in this paper to improve the imaging quality of digital microscopic holography (DHM). In this method, bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) was utilized to decompose the digital hologram. According to the principle of decomposition, the characteristics of first order intrinsic mode function (IMF1) are close to the gray value of ideal interference fringes. Therefore, after using BEMD method the digital hologram was optimized with enhanced interference fringes, from which phase image with reduced noise can be retrieved. The validity of the proposed method on noise reduction was verified by experimental results on a nano-step.

A digital hologram-optimizing method was proposed to improve the imaging quality of dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy (DDHM) by reducing the phase noise level. In our previous work, phase noise reduction was achieved by dual-wavelength digital image-plane holographic microscopy (DDIPHM). In the optimization method in this paper, the phase noise was further reduced by enhancing the real-image term and suppressing effects of the zero-order term in the frequency spectrum of a digital hologram. Practically, the carrier frequency of the real-image term has the correspondence with interference fringes in the hologram. Mathematically, the first order intrinsic mode function (IMF1) in bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) has similar characteristics to the grayscale values of ideal interference fringes. Therefore, with the combination of DDIPHM and BEMD, by utilizing the characteristics of IMF1, the digital hologram was optimized with purified interference fringes, enhancing the real-image term simultaneously. Finally, the validity of the proposed method was verified by experimental results on a microstep.

We utilize digital image-plane holographic microscopy (DIPHM) to achieve the real-time surface profile measurement of microstructure. The impulse response functions of DIPHM and traditional digital holographic microscopy (DHM) are both derived. The theoretical derivations indicate that the differences between the two techniques are caused by the diffraction effect of the recording plane with a finite size. The diffraction effect would introduce an unstable factor to the wavefront reconstruction. Therefore, the DIPHM has the characteristics of totally full field of view and low measuring noise compared to DHM. In addition, we take DIPHM and DHM in dual-wavelength mode as a special example to confirm the points above. From both experimental results and theoretical analysis, DIPHM is demonstrated to be an optimized technique with high-quality imaging, especially benefiting the situation where multi-wavelength measurement is required. This method is robust against environmental noise. SCANNING 38:288-296, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Three-dimensional particle tracking in biological systems is a quickly growing field, many techniques have been developed providing tracking characters. Digital in-line holographic microscopy is a valuable technique for particle tracking. However, the speckle noise, out-of-focus signals and twin image influenced the particle tracking. Here an adaptive noise reduction method based on bidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition is introduced into digital in-line holographic microscopy. It can eliminate the speckle noise and background of the hologram adaptively. Combined with the three-dimensional deconvolution approach in the reconstruction, the particle feature would be identified effectively. Tracking the fixed beads on the cover-glass with piezoelectric stage through multiple holographic images demonstrate the tracking resolution, which approaches 2 nm in axial direction and 1 nm in transverse direction. This would facilitate the development and use in the biological area such as living cells and single-molecule approaches.

This study investigated whether exosomal microRNA-7 (miR-7) mediates lung bystander autophagy after focal brain irradiation in mice. After 10 Gy or sham irradiation of mice brains, lung tissues were extracted for the detection of autophagy markers by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), meanwhile the brains were dissociated, the neuron/astrocyte/microglia/oligodendrocyte were isolated, and the miR-7 expression in each population were detected, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was developed to identify whether Bcl-2 is a target gene of miR-7. After 10 Gy or sham irradiation of astrocytes, exosomes were extracted, stained with Dil (1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate), and added into non-irradiated astrocytes. Meanwhile, Dil-stained exosomes released from 10 Gy or sham irradiated astrocytes were injected into LC3B-GFP mice via the tail vein. Lung tissues were then extracted for western blotting and qRT-PCR. Irradiation of mouse brains increased the LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 levels, while decreased the Bcl-2 level in non-irradiated lung tissue. Interestingly, brain irradiation remarkably increased the miR-7 expression in astrocyte and oligodendrocyte. MiR-7 significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of the wild-type Bcl-2-3'-untranslated regions (UTR) reporter vector, but not that of the Bcl-2-3'-UTR mutant vector, indicating that Bcl-2 is directly targeted by miR-7. In in vitro study, the addition of irradiated astrocyte-secreted exosomes increased the LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 levels, while decreased the Bcl-2 level in non-irradiated astrocytes. Further, the injection of irradiated astrocyte-secreted exosomes through the tail vein increased the lung LC3B-II/I ratio, Beclin-1 and miR-7 level, but decreased the Bcl-2 level in vivo. We concluded that exosomal miR-7 targets Bcl-2 to mediate distant bystander autophagy in the lungs after brain irradiation.

The influence of prepared plasma induced by a prepulse on the THz emission generated by main two-color femtosecond lasers (fs-lasers) has been investigated numerically and analytically by using a photocurrent model. Results observed in a previous report, such as the suppression of THz emission from the main pulse due to the existence of a prepulse, were easily reproduced. Further calculation showed that such suppression originates from residual electrons of the prepared plasma affecting the main pulse. Moreover, an exact expression between the E-field of THz waves generated by the main pulse and the residual electron density of the prepared plasma has been obtained.

The study was conducted to investigate the role of c-Myc in the regulation of ionizing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells.Control and c-Myc-silenced Hela cells were collected at different time points afterIn c-Myc-silenced cells, radiation induced delayed but long-lasting G2/M arrest and an abnormal M phase compared with the control. In addition, c-Myc knockdown significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death induced by radiation. Meanwhile, radiation-induced autophagy appeared stronger in c-Myc-silenced cells. Mechanically, we found that Caspase 8 and survivin expression was decreased in c-Myc-silenced Hela-630 cells.These data showed that c-Myc serves as a co-regulator in radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death in human cervical cancer cells.

Scrubbers are being widely used to remove the dust, sulphur dioxide and other harmful gases from coal-fired boilers. In this paper, a novel ‘wet-type’ desulphurization absorber, the PCF device (Chinese LOGO), was developed and studied through an experimental method. The mixture of air and SO 2 was used as simulated flue gas and CaCO 3 -in-water suspension was used as absorbent. The results show that the PCF device has a good overall performance for FGD. Under moderate conditions employed, the content of SO 2 in outlet flue gas can achieve a level much lower than that permitted, while the pressure drop is very small due to co-flows in preliminarily treating chamber and no venturi structure in inlet tube. Guide plates and self-excitation chamber can improve the SO 2 removal efficiency by intensifying the mass-transfer and second purification. Some feasible process parameters are as follows: slurry pH value = 5.6–6.0, liquid–gas ratio = 8.7–10.4 L/m 3 , superficial gas velocity in inner cylinder = 3.5–4.5 m/s, and addition of Cl − (in the form of CaCl 2 ) to the slurry (25 g/L) decreased the degree of SO 2 removal about 13.12%.

The wet flue gas desulphurization has been the most widely used in the coal-fired power plants because of high SO 2 removal efficiency, reliability and low utility consumption. In this paper, laboratory studies on the removal of SO 2 from gas mixtures with a novel wet-type PCF device (Chinese LOGO) were reported, CaCO 3 -in-water suspension used as absorbent. The main work included the influences of some process parameters such as slurry pH, limestone concentration in feed stream, SO 2 inlet concentration, liquid–gas ratio and superficial gas velocity. Meanwhile, the desulphurization process in the PCF device was analyzed using the two-film theory of gas–liquid mass-transfer. The results show that the PCF device has low pressure drop, large specific capacity for flue gas treatment, high absorption rate and good dewatering performance. Under moderate conditions, the concentration of SO 2 in outlet flue gas can achieve a much lower level than that of permitted. The reasonable operating conditions for the PCF device are as follows: slurry pH value is 5.7 ± 0.1, limestone concentration in feed stream is 13 wt.%, SO 2 inlet concentration is less than 4.1 g/m 3 , liquid–gas ratio is 8.7–10.4 L/m 3 and superficial gas velocity in preliminary treating chamber is 2.0–2.5 m/s (3.4–4.3 m/s in inner cylinder). Furthermore, the results obtained from the two-film theory show that the SO 2 removal rate is controlled by the combination of both gas- and liquid-film diffusions in the range of operating conditions tested.

A novel wet-type flue gas desulphurization process were developed and tested in this study. The process used a PCF device as the absorber where SO2 was absorbed into slurry of reactive CaCO3. A mod...

We utilize digital image-plane holographic microscopy (DIPHM) to achieve the real-time surface profile measurement of microstructure. The impulse response functions of DIPHM and traditional digital holographic microscopy (DHM) are both derived. The theoretical derivations indicate that the differences between the two techniques are caused by the diffraction effect of the recording plane with a finite size. The diffraction effect would introduce an unstable factor to the wavefront reconstruction. Therefore, the DIPHM has the characteristics of totally full field of view and low measuring noise compared to DHM. In addition, we take DIPHM and DHM in dual-wavelength mode as a special example to confirm the points above. From both experimental results and theoretical analysis, DIPHM is demonstrated to be an optimized technique with high-quality imaging, especially benefiting the situation where multi-wavelength measurement is required. This method is robust against environmental noise. SCANNING 38:288-296, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Particle tracking with nanometer resolution is of growing importance in microrheology, microfluidics, and life science. Pixel difference method of optical path length (OPL) is a proposed novel digital holographic microscopy (DHM) method to achieve 3D particle tracking utilizing configuration of an off-axis digital holographic microscope. Pixel difference methodology focuses on variation of the OPL of two fixed pixel points in the recording plane. In this method, the second derivative of OPL difference is a tracking tag. Instead of calculating two dimensional images in classical DHM, pixel difference method of OPL only concerns trend of one-dimensional data series. In this sense, the tracking efficiency, which is important in dynamic investigation, is improved. Pixel difference of OPL, with nanometer-scale resolution, is presented as applicable in particle tracking by tracking the beads fixed on the piezoelectric stage with nanometer precision.

Three-dimension reconstruction, known as an important research direction of computer graphics, is widely used in the related field such as industrial design and manufacture, construction, aerospace, biology and so on. Via such technology we can obtain three-dimension digital point cloud from a two-dimension image, and then simulate the three-dimensional structure of the physical object for further study. At present, the obtaining of three-dimension digital point cloud data is mainly based on the adaptive optics system with Shack-Hartmann sensor and phase-shifting digital holography. Referring to surface fitting, there are also many available methods such as iterated discrete fourier transform, convolution and image interpolation, linear phase retrieval. The main problems we came across in three-dimension reconstruction are the extraction of feature points and arithmetic of curve fitting. To solve such problems, we can, first of all, calculate the relevant surface normal vector information of each pixel in the light source coordinate system, then these vectors are to be converted to the coordinates of image through the coordinate conversion, so the expectant 3D point cloud get arise. Secondly, after the following procedures of de-noising, repairing, the feature points can later be selected and fitted to get the fitting function of the surface topography by means of Zernike polynomial, so as to reconstruct the determinand's three-dimensional topography. In this paper, a new kind of three-dimension reconstruction algorithm is proposed, with the assistance of which, the topography can be estimated from its grayscale at different sample points. Moreover, the previous stimulation and the experimental results prove that the new algorithm has a strong capability to fit, especially for large-scale objects .