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To evaluate the changes in the liver volume and function after direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt (DIPS) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) with diffuse hepatic vein (HV) occlusion.The clinical data of 29 patients with BCS who underwent DIPS for intractable ascites caused by diffuse hepatic vein occlusion in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were analysed retrospectively; the patients included 8 males and 21 females, with an average age of 33.3 ± 6.3 years. The patients underwent abdominal CT scanning and liver function examinations before DIPS, and 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after DIPS. The changes of the liver volume and liver function before and after DIPS were compared.All 29 patients underwent DIPS successfully. 28 patients survived during the follow-up of 12-33 months, with a median follow-up of 16 months. The patients' liver function were significantly improved at 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation compared to before the operation (P 0.05). The liver volumes measured before the operation and 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation were 2124.586 ± 420.889 cmDirect intrahepatic portocaval shunt has achieved satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of BCS with diffuse hepatic vein occlusion. The congestive hepatomegaly was gradually reduced after the operation. The liver volume (which was defined as the clinical efficacy in this study) remained stable after 6 months.

Carbon-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) with atomic sizes of active sites have become the promising candidates for a variety of catalytic systems because of their high atom utilization, and unique electronic structures. Different types of single-atom sites can be fabricated via multiple preparation strategies, which would demonstrate distinct different coordination configurations and electronic features, and ultimately affected the structure-catalysis relationship of SACs in targeted reactions. As a result, it is necessary to identify the active sites of SACs and understand the structure-catalysis relationship of SACs at the atomic scale. In this review, a variety of preparation strategies of carbon-based SACs were documented. Then, the recent development on versatile characterization techniques and computational achievements were summarized regarding in understanding the electronic and geometric characteristics of carbon-based SACs. Finally, major challenges and development directions concerning single-atom sites identification and advanced tools development are discussed to shed light on future research of carbon-based SACs.

By reasonably adjusting two-dimensional filler double gradient distribution, the restrictive relationship between breakdown strength and dielectric constant is balanced, and the synergistic improvement of breakdown and polarization is realized.

BACKGROUND Suicidal behaviors, including suicide deaths and attempts, are major public health concerns. However, previous suicide models required a huge amount of input features, resulting in limited applicability in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE We aimed to construct applicable models (ie, with limited features) for short- and long-term suicidal behavior prediction. We further validated these models among individuals with different genetic risks of suicide. METHODS Based on the prospective cohort of UK Biobank, we included 223 (0.06%) eligible cases of suicide attempts or deaths, according to hospital inpatient or death register data within 1 year from baseline and randomly selected 4460 (1.18%) controls (1:20) without such records. We similarly identified 833 (0.22%) cases of suicidal behaviors 1 to 6 years from baseline and 16,660 (4.42%) corresponding controls. Based on 143 input features, mainly including sociodemographic, environmental, and psychosocial factors; medical history; and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for suicidality, we applied a bagged balanced light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM) with stratified 10-fold cross-validation and grid-search to construct the full prediction models for suicide attempts or deaths within 1 year or between 1 and 6 years. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach was used to quantify the importance of input features, and the top 20 features with the highest SHAP values were selected to train the applicable models. The external validity of the established models was assessed among 50,310 individuals who participated in UK Biobank repeated assessments both overall and by the level of PRS for suicidality. RESULTS Individuals with suicidal behaviors were on average 56 years old, with equal sex distribution. The application of these full models in the external validation data set demonstrated good model performance, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of 0.919 and 0.892 within 1 year and between 1 and 6 years, respectively. Importantly, the applicable models with the top 20 most important features showed comparable external-validated performance (AUROC curves of 0.901 and 0.885) as the full models, based on which we found that individuals in the top quintile of predicted risk accounted for 91.7% (n=11) and 80.7% (n=25) of all suicidality cases within 1 year and during 1 to 6 years, respectively. We further obtained comparable prediction accuracy when applying these models to subpopulations with different genetic susceptibilities to suicidality. For example, for the 1-year risk prediction, the AUROC curves were 0.907 and 0.885 for the high (>2nd tertile of PRS) and low ( CONCLUSIONS We established applicable machine learning–based models for predicting both the short- and long-term risk of suicidality with high accuracy across populations of varying genetic risk for suicide, highlighting a cost-effective method of identifying individuals with a high risk of suicidality.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality in females worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays vital roles in regulating cellular iron import. However, the distinct role of TfR1 in BC remains elusive. TfR1 expression was investigated using the TCGA, GEO, TIMER, UALCAN and Oncomine databases. The prognostic potential of TfR1 was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the molecular mechanism of TfR1. The potential link between TfR1 expression and infiltrating abundances of immune cells was examined through the TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithm. The expression of TfR1 was dramatically upregulated in BC tissues. Increased TfR1 expression and decreased methylation levels of TfR1 were strongly correlated with multiple clinicopathological parameters. Elevated TfR1 expression was associated with a poor survival rate in BC patients. The nomogram model further confirmed that TfR1 could act as an independent prognostic biomarker in BC. The results of GO, KEGG and GSEA revealed that TfR1 was closely correlated with multiple signaling pathways and immune responses. Additionally, TfR1 was positively associated with the infiltration abundances of six major immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in BC. Interestingly, TfR1 influenced prognosis partially through immune infiltration. These comprehensive bioinformatics analyses suggest that TfR1 is a new independent prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in BC.

Highly efficient single atom catalysts are critical to substantially promote for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to organic pollutant degradation, but it remains a challenge at present. Herein, single atom Mn anchored on N-doped porous carbon (SA-Mn-NSC) was synthesized by ball milling of Mn-doped carbon nitride and spirulina biochar to dominantly activate PMS. The precursor of carbon nitride and spirulina possessed a strong coordinating capability for Mn(II), facilitating the formation of highly dispersed nitrogen-coordinated Mn sites (Mn-N

Emerging single atom catalysts (SACs), especially carbon-based SACs are appealing materials in environmental catalysis because of their ultrahigh performances, environmental friendliness, structural/chemical robustness, and the maximum utilization of active metal sites. The metal centres, carbon matrixes, and coordination characteristics collectively determine the electronic features of carbon-based SACs, and their behaviours in catalysing peroxide activation and efficiencies in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). However, there is lack of a comprehensive and critical review reporting the successful marriage of carbon-based SACs in AOP-based remediation technologies. It is particularly necessary to systematically compare and reveal the catalytic sites and the associated mechanisms of carbon-based SACs in diverse AOP systems. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies, characterisation, and computation of carbon-based SACs, and for the first time, showcase their innovative applications in AOP technologies. We unveil the origins of versatile catalytic oxidation pathways in different AOP systems and the mechanisms of micropollutant degradation over carbon-based SACs, distinguished from the upsized counterparts (metals/oxides and carbon substrates). We also provide directions to the rational design of on-demand SACs for green chemistry and environmental sustainability. Also, we suggest a designated and integrated experimental/theoretical protocol for revealing the structure-catalysis relations of SACs in AOP applications, and propose the prospects for future opportunities and challenges.

Easily separated novel magnetic composite, derived from a kind of green macroalgae—Enteromorpha prolifera, was employed for effective adsorption of radioactive cobalt (60Co) and nickel (63Ni). The ...

Water purification via the solar-driven evaporation of water is a promising solution to alleviate water crises. Herein, a novel three-dimensional interconnected porous structure and ultra-light maize straw/graphene aerogel is facilely synthesized through a low-temperature hydrothermal reduction process and atmospheric drying using microbubbles and ice crystals as templates. The capillary action of the natural pore structure of biomass maize straw accelerated the transportation of water to the heating interface, and the aerogel is also advantageous to use because of the excellent light absorption capacity of graphene. During the synthesis process, the degree of self-assembly, and the density and wettability of the aerogel were controlled via tuning the maize straw/graphene ratio. An optimal sample of maize straw/graphene aerogel displayed a three-dimensional interconnected porous network structure, low density (9.67 mg cm−3), excellent mechanical properties (compression strength of up to 11.4 kPa at 70% strain), and high evaporation rate (2.71 kg m−2 h−1) under 1 solar radiation. More significantly, maize straw/graphene aerogels were nitrogen-doped through the addition of urea, and these outperformed state-of-the-art graphene-based photothermal materials in solar-driven water evaporation, with rates of up to 3.22 kg m−2 h−1, which was attributed to the formation of a super-hydrophilic, porous, and ultra-light aerogel that further accelerated water transport and the diffusion of water molecules. The nitrogen doping also improved the mechanical properties (compression strength of up to 16.7 kPa at 70% strain), and the aerogel exhibited excellent stability and salt resistance, and accomplished high levels of desalination. The aerogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties and resilience, excellent thermal insulation properties, a wide sunlight absorption spectrum, fast water transmission, and a large pore structure that is conducive to vapor diffusion and high desalination, and, thus, there is great potential for this aerogel to be used for practical applications.

Background To elucidate the influence of childhood asthma on adult height after consideration of genetic heterogeneity in height. Methods Based on the UK Biobank, we conducted a matched cohort study, including 13,602 European individuals with asthma diagnosed before 18 years old and 136,008 matched unexposed individuals without such an experience. Ascertainment of asthma was based on self-reported data (97.6%) or clinical diagnosis in healthcare registers (2.4%). We studied three height outcomes, including (1) the attained adult height (in centimeters), (2) the height deviation measured as the difference between a person’s rank of genetically determined height (based on generated polygenetic risk score) and their rank of attained adult height in the study population (deviation in % of height order after standardization), and (3) the presence of height deficit comparing genetically determined and attained height (yes or no). We applied linear mixed-effect models to assess the associations of asthma diagnosed at different ages with attained adult height and height deviation, and conditional logistic regression models to estimate the associations of asthma with the risk of height deficit. Results 40.07% (59,944/149,610) of the study participants were born before 1950, and most of them were men (57.65%). After controlling for multiple covariates, childhood asthma was associated with shorter attained adult height, irrespective of age at asthma diagnosis. However, in the analysis of height deviation (deviation in %), we observed the greatest height deviation among individuals with asthma diagnosed before 4 years of age (− 2.57 [95% CI − 4.14 to − 1.00] and − 2.80 [95% CI − 4.06 to − 1.54] for the age of ≤ 2 and 3–4 years, respectively). The magnitude of height deviation in relation to asthma declined thereafter and became null after age 6. Similarly, there was a statistically significant height deficit in relation to an asthma diagnosis at ages ≤ 2 and 3–4 (odds ratios = 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.40, and 1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.29) but not thereafter. The result pattern was similar when separately analyzing asthma with or without inhaled glucocorticoid (ICS) use, despite that the estimates were consistently stronger among asthma individuals who used ICS. Conclusions Our results suggest a notable association of childhood asthma, primarily asthma diagnosed at an early age, with adult height, after consideration of genetic heterogeneity in height and use of ICS. This finding highlights the need for surveillance on the growth problems among children with asthma.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world and became a global pandemic in 2020. One promising drug target for SARS-CoV-2 is the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). This study was designed to explore the expression status, prognostic significance and molecular functions of TMPRSS2 in lung cancer. TMPRSS2 expression was investigated using the TIMER, Oncomine, UALCAN, GEO, HPA and TCGA databases. The prognostic value of TMPRSS2 was examined using Cox regression and a nomogram. KEGG, GO and GSEA were performed to investigate the cellular function of TMPRSS2 in lung cancer. The relationship between TMPRSS2 and immune infiltration was determined using the TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms. TMPRSS2 mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced in lung cancer. Decreased TMPRSS2 expression and increased DNA methylation of TMPRSS2 were associated with various clinicopathological parameters in patients with lung cancer. Low TMPRSS2 mRNA expression also correlated with poor outcome in lung cancer patients. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed and exhibited good predictive power for the overall survival of lung cancer patients. KEGG and GO analyses and GSEA implied that multiple immune- and metabolism-related pathways were significantly linked with TMPRSS2 expression. Intriguingly, TMPRSS2 expression associated with immune cell infiltration in lung cancer. More importantly, TMPRSS2 expression was markedly decreased in SARS-CoV-infected cells. These findings indicate that TMPRSS2 may be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer through metabolic pathways and immune cell infiltration.

An environmentally friendly, facile, and economical Fe/N co-doped carbonaceous material (Fe-N@C) was prepared by the in-situ pyrolysis of Fe/N rich Enteromorpha biomass for peroxymonosulfate activation and organic contaminants degradation. Results indicated that Enteromorpha-based catalysts prepared at high pyrolysis temperature displayed some highly graphitic nanosheets with rich nitrogen doped. The graphitic N derived from the intrinsic N in Enteromorpha showed the high correlation with the paracetamol (PCM) removal rate; this was confirmed by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, showing the high adsorption energy (ΔEads, −2.62 eV) of PMS molecular adsorbed onto the graphitic N area. A weak correlation between the PCM removal rate and adsorption capacity was also observed, revealing that the PCM catalytic reaction could be greatly accelerated after the pre-adsorption. It was interesting that the intrinsic Fe in Enteromorpha did not affect the PCM degradation, but PCM removal rate of acid treated Fe-N/C was improved as more active sites were formed after the Fe extraction by acid treatment. Both the radical pathways of O2 − and non-radical 1O2 generated in the Fe-N@C/PMS system were the primary mechanisms for the PCM degradation, which was consistent with the Fukui function values of f° and f- based on the DFT calculation. In addition, high stability of the carbon-based catalysts was observed after three runs and calcinating regeneration, which showed the promising applications for environmental remediation.

N-Doped carbon nanotubes encapsulating bimetallic Fe/Mn nanoparticles (FeMn@NCNTs) were fabricated after a one-step pyrolysis and were used as the catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade acetamiprid. The FeMn@NCNTs showed uniform nanotubes with rich N doping and the encapsulated FeMn nanoparticles were doubly protected by both NCNTs and a clingy graphitic structure. The results indicated that the confined FeMn nanoparticles were designated as Fe2.7Mn0.3C according to the XRD pattern and elemental composition. Radical quenching indicated that SO4˙− and ˙OH were the dominant radicals in the FeMn@NCNTs/PMS system. The indispensable roles of both radical pathways of O2˙− and non-radical 1O2 in the superior catalytic performance were also confirmed. As a result, both the embedded FeMn nanoparticles and NCNTs in FeMn@NCNTs contributed to the acetamiprid degradation with multiple degradation mechanisms. XPS results confirmed the formation of redox cycles between the multiple valence states of Mn and Fe, which ensured the superior catalytic activity of FeMn@NCNTs for PMS activation. In addition, only a small decrease in the catalytic performance from 99.5% to 90% was observed after four cycles. The catalytic activity of used FeMn@NCNTs was mostly recovered after heat regeneration (350 °C), which exhibited the excellent stability and reusability of the FeMn@NCNTs.

Herein, sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was prepared by a liquid-phase reduction route and then applied to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP). The effects of Fe/S molar ratio, catalyst dosage, PS concentration, initial pH, and co-existing ions (Cl−, SO42−, CO32−) on the catalytic performance of S-nZVI/PS system were investigated. Simultaneously, the fluctuations of solution pH, oxidation-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and Fe2+ concentration were also monitored during the reaction. Results shown that 98.8 % of CAP could be removed under the optimum reaction conditions (S-nZVI dosage = 0.1 g/L, PS concentration = 3 mM, initial pH = 6.86). Compared to the pristine nZVI, the sulfidation behavior could critically improve the removal efficiency of CAP, ascribe to the enhancements of hydrophobicity of nZVI, production of hydroxyl radicals, and salt resistance. Furthermore, possible degradation pathways of CAP in S-nZVI/PS system were inferred based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study proves that the S-nZVI is a more promising catalyst for activating PS than nZVI, especially in the field of saline pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that starts with inflammation of the synovium. The pain and joint dysfunction caused by RA urgently need an effective treatment to alleviate the inflammatory reaction and delay the progression of the disease. The pathological damage of RA is proposed to associate with the dysfunction of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. Moxibustion, as a main complementary therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been proved effective to reduce chronic inflammatory reaction on RA, but whether the anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is still unclear. Therefore, moxibustion was conducted in the rats with RA to investigate its effect on PD-1/PD-L1. Methods. The rats' right hind paws were injected with Freundʼs complete adjuvant (FCA) to establish the model of RA. Seven days after the injection of FCA, moxibustion therapy was performed on the acupoints of Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) once a day for three weeks. Then, ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze the influence of moxibustion on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. If the moxibustion had an effect on the expression of PD-1/PD-L1-related molecules, we would knock down PD-1 with adenovirus vector. After moxibustion therapy, ELISA and histological analysis were performed to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of moxibustion. Results. The results demonstrated that moxibustion had an effect on the expression of PD-1-related molecules. The results of ELISA manifested that moxibustion decreased the level of IFN-γ and increased the level of IL-4 and IL-10. HE staining revealed that moxibustion alleviated the proliferation of synovial tissue. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and pathological improvement were weakened when PD-1 was blocked. Conclusions. The results indicate that moxibustion affected the expression of PD-1/PD-L1-related molecules and can effectively treat RA damage. The anti-inflammatory effect of moxibustion was weakened when PD-1 was knocked down.

Preferential removal of phosphate from aqueous was conducted by a novel biomass-based nanocomposite (EP-N+-Zr) with encapsulated hydrous zirconium oxide, and the biopolymer EP-N+-Zr features were described. EP-N+-Zr exhibited high selective sequestration toward phosphate when humic acid or other competing anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, ClO4−) coexisted at relatively high levels. Such excellent performance of EP-N+-Zr was attributed to its specific two site structures; the embedded HZO nanoparticles and quaternary ammonia groups [N+(CH2CH3)3Cl−] bonded inside the biomass—Enteromorpha prolifera, which facilitated preferable capture towards phosphate through specific affinity and nonspecific preconcentration of phosphate ions on the basis of the ion exchange, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate (20 °C) as calculated by Langmuir model was 88.5 mg(P)/g. Regeneration tests showed that EP-N+-Zr could be recycled at least five times without noticeable capacity losses using binary NaOH-NaCl as eluent.

Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) based materials have emerged as promising catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic pollutant removal. In this work, the Mn and O co-doped polymeric carbon nitride (Mn/O-PCN) was synthesized via simple calcination and activated PMS for enrofloxacin (ENR) removal. The obtained Mn/O-PCN + PMS system exhibited excellent reactivity for ENR degradation. The Mn and O co-dopants could modulate the electronic structure of PCN. ENR can be oxidized by electrons transferring and 1O2 on the surface of Mn/O-PCN + PMS complex via a non-radical way. A positive correlation was observed between ENR oxidation rates and the Mn content. Effects of pH, PMS concentration, and different ions on the degradation of ENR have also been studied. Cycling experiments showed that Mn/O-PCN materials have good reusability. Our study reported an effective PMS activator for organic pollutants removal and revealed the mechanism of active sites in modified PCN during non-radical PMS activation.

The pomelo peel was used as a bio-carrier for anchoring the dual-metal hydroxide (Zr La), forming the Zr La/PP composites. Morphology properties of the Zr La/PP composites indicated that a large amount of Zr La dual-metal hydroxides were self-aggregated on the virgin biomaterials, forming the different sizes (10–100 nm) of nano-structured aggregates on the Zr La/PP composites. The Zr distribution corresponded well to the dispersed La in the Zr La/PP composites. Fluoride capture by Zr La/PP composites increased with the increase in temperature. The preferential fluoride adsorption by the Zr La/PP composites can also be achieved in magnitudes of coexisting ions. The Zr La/PP composites exhibited a promising fluoride adsorption capacity with a significantly excellent stability. Several column adsorption-desorption cycles exhibited that there were no significant loss in fluoride capacity; this indicated the high adsorption stability of Zr La/PP composites. Based on all results above, it was suggested that the Zr La/PP composites could be used as a promising adsorbent for fluoride removal in real application.

Herein, we fabricated a novel carbohydrate-based adsorbent by using the pomelo peel (PP) as the biocarrier. The virgin PP was embedded with hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) nanoparticle, forming the HZO-PP composites for highly efficient fluoride adsorption. Characteristics of HZO-PP were determined by TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, BET surface area, and FTIR. The result showed that HZO nanoparticles have been successfully anchored onto the inner pore of PPs, which play a significant role in defluorination. It is favorable for fluoride uptake with more acidic solution, which greatly enhanced the interfacial reaction between the fluoride ions and protonated HZO through electrostatic interaction or electro-dipole interaction. No significant Zr leaching and organic dissolution were observed within pH 3.0–11.0; this indicated the strong interfacial reaction between the biocarrier and HZO, which illustrated the high stability of the HZO-PP for use. Competing tests indicated that fluoride uptake by HZO-PP still retained about 76–88% as the concentrations of coexisting NO3− or SO42− was 25 times higher than that of F−. The HZO-PP in column after six adsorption-regeneration cycles still retained 94% of adsorption capacity (15.4 mg/g). All these results implied that biomaterials anchored with multivalent metal oxides represented the potential nanocomposites for fluoride removal.

A new cellulose based multifunctional hybrid material with high capacity and specific affinity toward phosphate was fabricated and well characterized, where the nano-sized hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) was deposited onto the framework of amine cross-linking orange peel (AOP). The AOP-HZO samples with different sizes were packed into the stratified water purification column for enhanced phosphate uptake. Results indicated the increasing adsorption with decreasing particle size of AOP-HZO, suggesting that smaller particles with higher surface area facilitate the adsorption of phosphate. Phosphate adsorption in AOP-HZO stratified column in terms of pH manifested that the phosphate uptake by the HZO nanoparticles was greatly facilitated at pH 3.0. It was suggested that more HZO nanoparticles were protonated at more acidic solution, and the selectivity of protonated HZO towards phosphate was significantly higher than the N+(CH2CH3)3 groups in AOP. The zeta potential results also indicated that HZO has a significant negative charge under higher pH conditions, in which the quaternary amine groups in AOP-HZO play a predominant role for phosphate uptake.

A pilot-scale internal circulation-anoxic/oxic (IC-A/O) coupling reactor was performed for soybean protein wastewater treatment. Results indicated that after the IC-A/O coupling system, the CODcr (8000–10,000 mg·L−1) and NH3-N (250–270 mg·L−1, decomposed from the organic nitrogen) in influent of soybean protein wastewater was greatly reduced to 70–90 mg·L−1 and

The three-dimensional (3D) reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube nanocomposites (rGO/CNTs nanocomposites) and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (rGO nanocomposites) were anchored with amorphous MoSx, forming the MoSx-rGO/CNTs and MoSx-rGO nanocomposites. Their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities were intensively evaluated. Results indicated that the rGO/CNTs nanocomposite provided more sites for the amorphous MoSx as compared with that of CNTs nanocomposite. Raman spectra of MoSx-rGO and MoSx-rGO/CNTs nanocomposites confirmed the amorphous state of MoSx in all MoSx anchored nanocomposites. TEM and SEM morphology indicated that the amorphous MoSx was well-dispersed on the rGO/CNTs and rGO nanocomposites. The amorphous MoSx nanoparticles in MoSx-rGO/CNTs and MoSx-rGO nanocomposites could provide more S atoms at their edges, and therefore greatly improve the HER activity. HER performances indicated that the rGO/CNTs and rGO nanocomposites anchored with crystalline MoS2 exhibited poor HER performance. In contrast, MoSx-rGO/CNTs and MoSx-rGO nanocomposites anchored with a small amount of MoSx exhibited the excellent HER activity (179 mV of overpotential at 10 mA cm−2). Results also indicated that the HER activities of the MoSx-@rGO nanocomposites were a bit smaller than those of MoSx-rGO/CNTs nanocomposites. The CNTs in the rGO/CNTs nanocomposites would improve the intimate electrolyte/electrode contact and promote the high-rate charge transfer, which further strengthened their electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances.