Search

Your search keyword '"Yanagida M"' showing total 878 results
Start Over Author "Yanagida M"
878 results on '"Yanagida M"'

1. Esperanto for histones: CENP-A, not CenH3, is the centromeric histone H3 variant.

Author

Earnshaw, WC, Allshire, RC, Black, BE, Bloom, K, Brinkley, BR, Brown, W, Cheeseman, IM, Choo, KHA, Copenhaver, GP, Deluca, JG, Desai, A, Diekmann, S, Erhardt, S, Fitzgerald-Hayes, M, Foltz, D, Fukagawa, T, Gassmann, R, Gerlich, DW, Glover, DM, Gorbsky, GJ, Harrison, SC, Heun, P, Hirota, T, Jansen, LET, Karpen, G, Kops, GJPL, Lampson, MA, Lens, SM, Losada, A, Luger, K, Maiato, H, Maddox, PS, Margolis, RL, Masumoto, H, McAinsh, AD, Mellone, BG, Meraldi, P, Musacchio, A, Oegema, K, O'Neill, RJ, Salmon, ED, Scott, KC, Straight, AF, Stukenberg, PT, Sullivan, BA, Sullivan, KF, Sunkel, CE, Swedlow, JR, Walczak, CE, Warburton, PE, Westermann, S, Willard, HF, Wordeman, L, Yanagida, M, Yen, TJ, Yoda, K, and Cleveland, DW

Subjects
Centromere, Kinetochores, Humans, Scleroderma, Systemic, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Histones, Autoantigens, Terminology as Topic, Centromere Protein A, centromere, CENP-A, histone, kinetochore, CenH3, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Genetics
Abstract

The first centromeric protein identified in any species was CENP-A, a divergent member of the histone H3 family that was recognised by autoantibodies from patients with scleroderma-spectrum disease. It has recently been suggested to rename this protein CenH3. Here, we argue that the original name should be maintained both because it is the basis of a long established nomenclature for centromere proteins and because it avoids confusion due to the presence of canonical histone H3 at centromeres.

Published
2013

5. In vitro reactivation of spindle elongation in fission yeast nuc2 mutant cells.

Author

Masuda, H, Hirano, T, Yanagida, M, and Cande, WZ

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate, Animals, Cell Membrane Permeability, Chromosomes, Fungal, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Microtubules, Mitosis, Mutation, Phenotype, Saccharomycetales, Schizosaccharomyces, Spindle Apparatus, Temperature, Vanadates, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

To investigate the mechanisms of spindle elongation and chromosome separation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we have developed an in vitro assay using a temperature-sensitive mutant strain, nuc2. At the restrictive temperature, nuc2 cells are arrested at a metaphase-like stage with short spindles and condensed chromosomes. After permeabilization of spheroplasts of the arrested cells, spindle elongation was reactivated by addition of ATP and neurotubulin both at the restrictive and the permissive temperatures, but chromosome separation was not. This suggests that the nuc2 cells are impaired in function at a stage before sister chromatid disjunction. Spindle elongation required both ATP and exogenous tubulin and was inhibited by adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) or vanadate. The ends of yeast half-spindle microtubules pulse-labeled with biotinylated tubulin moved past each other during spindle elongation and a gap formed between the original half-spindles. These results suggest that the primary mechanochemical event responsible for spindle elongation is the sliding apart of antiparallel microtubules of the two half-spindles.

Published
1990

6. Esperanto for histones: CENP-A, not CenH3, is the centromeric histone H3 variant

Author

Earnshaw, W. C., Allshire, R. C., Black, B. E., Bloom, K., Brinkley, B. R., Brown, W., Cheeseman, I. M., Choo, K. H. A., Copenhaver, G. P., DeLuca, J. G., Desai, A., Diekmann, S., Erhardt, S., Fitzgerald-Hayes, M., Foltz, D., Fukagawa, T., Gassmann, R., Gerlich, D. W., Glover, D. M., Gorbsky, G. J., Harrison, S. C., Heun, P., Hirota, T., Jansen, L. E. T., Karpen, G., Kops, G. J. P. L., Lampson, M. A., Lens, S. M., Losada, A., Luger, K., Maiato, H., Maddox, P. S., Margolis, R. L., Masumoto, H., McAinsh, A. D., Mellone, B. G., Meraldi, P., Musacchio, A., Oegema, K., O’Neill, R. J., Salmon, E. D., Scott, K. C., Straight, A. F., Stukenberg, P. T., Sullivan, B. A., Sullivan, K. F., Sunkel, C. E., Swedlow, J. R., Walczak, C. E., Warburton, P. E., Westermann, S., Willard, H. F., Wordeman, L., Yanagida, M., Yen, T. J., Yoda, K., and Cleveland, D. W.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Development of a transonic front stage of an axial flow compressor for industrial gas turbines

Author

Katoh, Y., Kashiwabara, Y., Ishii, H., Tsuda, Y., and Yanagida, M.

Subjects
Compressors -- Blades, Gas-turbines -- Blades, Aerofoils -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

This paper describes the aerodynamic blade design of a highly loaded three-stage compressor, which is a model compressor for the front stage of an industrial gas turbine. Test results are presented that confirm design performance. Some surge and rotating stall measurement results are also discussed. The first stator blade in this test compressor operates in the high subsonic range at the inlet. To reduce the pressure loss due to blade surface shock waves, a shock-free airfoil is designed to replace the first stator blade in an NACA-65 airfoil in a three-stage compressor. Comparison of the performance of both blades shows that the shock-free airfoil blade reduces pressure loss. This paper also presents some experimental results for MCA (multicircular arc) airfoils, which are used for first rotor blades.

Published
1994

13. Investigation of the influence of coadsorbent dye upon the interfacial structure of dye-sensitized solar cells.

Author

Honda, M., Yanagida, M., Han, L., and Miyano, K.

Subjects
*DYE-sensitized solar cells, *SORBENTS, *INTERFACES (Physical sciences), *SYNCHROTRON radiation, *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, *ISOTHIOCYANATES, *SHORT-circuit currents
Abstract

The interface between Ru(tcterpy)(NCS)3TBA2 [black dye (BD); tcterpy = 4,4',4"-tricarboxy-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, NCS = thiocyanato, TBA = tetrabutylammonium cation] and nanocrystalline TiO2, as found in dye-sensitized solar cells, is investigated by soft-X-ray synchrotron radiation and compared with the adsorption structure of cis-Ru(Hdcbpy)2(NCS)2TBA2 (N719; dcbpy = 4,4/-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) on TiO2 to elucidate the relationship between the adsorption mode of BD and the photocurrent with and without coadsorbed indoline dye D131. The depth profile is charac-terized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and S K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure using synchrotron radiation. Both datasets indicate that one of the isothiocyanate groups of BD interacts with TiO2 via its S atom when the dye is adsorbed from a single-component solution. In contrast, the interaction is slightly suppressed when D131 is coadsorbed, indicated by the fact that the pres-ence of D131 changes the adsorption mode of BD. Based upon these results, the number of BD dye molecules interacting with the substrate is shown to decrease by 10% when D131 is coadsorbed, and the dissociation is shown to be related to the short-circuit photocurrent in the 600-800 nm re-gion. The design of a procedure to promote the preferential adsorption of D131 therefore leads to an improvement of the short-circuit current and conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Low-emittance electron-beam generation with laser pulse shaping in photocathode radio-frequency gun

Author

J. Yang ; F. Sakai, T. Yanagida ; M. Yorozu, Y. Okada ; Takasago, K., Endo, A. ; A. Yada, and M. Washio

Subjects
Laser beams -- Analysis, Physics
Abstract

An experimental observation of the beam transverse emittance growth due to space-charge effect in the radio-frequency (rf) gun with gaussian and square temporal laser-pulse shaping is presented. It was found that the square pulse shaping was a useful tool for both the reduction of nonlinear space-charge force and the correction of linear space charge.

Published
2002

26. General Lectures-(II)

Author

Toriie, S., Nakajima, M., Kohli, Y., Takebayashi, M., Misaki, F., Kobayashi, A., Hashimoto, Y., Mitsuyoshi, Y., Ida, K., Kawai, K., Fujita, R., Kumura, F., Takahashi, M., Ohsawa, H., Hasegawa, Y., Kidokoro, T., Jojima, Y., Miyoshi, H., Okumura, Y., Yokouchi, A., Asano, H., Uehara, A., Oka, S., Saito, H., Yaginuma, M., Yamamoto, T., Asano, A., Nakamura, M., Okada, Y., Tomioka, T., Tamesue, N., Ikeda, S., Kunisaki, T., Emura, T., Yasumoto, M., Someya, N., Goto, A., Morokuma, K., Sakamoto, H., Kasaki, Y., Imamura, K., Amano, I., Iwanaga, K., Okugawa, N., Ninomiya, K., Yoshida, S., Okabe, N., Shimogawa, Y., Nakajima M., Ida, K., Akasaka, Y., Shimamoto, K., Misaki, F., Toriie, S., Tada, M., Sugawara, K., Chikayasu, I., Takeda, H., Kawai, K., Shibue, T., Yamaguchi, A., Osame, T., Shimada, K., Hori, M., Irisa, T., Miura, Y., Hanamure, B., Chuman, Y., Sato, H., Kizu, M., Kasugai, T., Kuno, N., Aoki, I., Nitta, Y., Machii, A., Murakami, Y., Aiso, Y., Kitahara, N., Yoshizawa, Y., Hishinuma, Y., Nao, Y., Ishiyama, K., Watanabe, M., Kimura, T., Hara, T., Sakaue, S., Shinoda, T., Ito, R., Hayashi, K., Sugie, H., Sekizawa, H., Nakamura, S., Kondo, J., Tanaka, E., Taniguchi, T., Kanayama, M., Koizumi, S., Watabiki, S., Ikeda, S., Tamura, K., Okada, Y., Arai, T., Saito, T., Tojo, S., Furuya, M., Hanaue, H., Ogoshi, K., Murohisa, B., Uchimura, M., Ishigaki, J., Waki, S., Nakafuji, H., Iida, F., Aratake, K., Nakano, T., Ono, N., Hara, I., Sassa, T., Takahashi, T., Inoue, J., Maruyama, Y., Mori, Y., Kawamura, T., Imai, F., Yorita, S., Saegusa, M., Ishihara, F., Asukata, I., Matsuda, M., Wakabayashi, K., Mitani, S., Sugahara, K., Ishikawa, K., Nakayoshi, A., Nakamoto, M., Kono, A., Oda, T., Sato, Y., Takahashi, T., Nagao, F., Nagano, M., Furusawa, T., Nakama, T., Itoh, H., Nishimura, M., Tsutsumi, K., Saito, H., Yoshida, K., Ito, H., Yoshimura, M., Yoshioka, K., Shimizu, T., Kuroda, C., Uchida, H., Ishida, O., Inoue, T., Hasegawa, S., Mitsusada, K., Kajiyama, Y., Matsuzawa, Y., Yokota, K., Hayashida, Y., Ikegudhi, S., Shida, S., Tsurumi, K., Ito, K., Kamiya, K., Takada, H., Ueno, S., Onda, M., Kojima, G., Shoji, E., Miyaji, M., Goto, K., Nitta, Y., Yazaki, Y., Ito, M., Kozuka, M., Tanabe, A., Murate, H., Takeuchi, T., Koshikawa, M., Kato, N., Maeda, K., Hayashi, K., Tsuru, T., Ooyama, I., Kukimoto, H., Nakashima, Y., Katsuki, T., Ueda, N., Kanno, T., Noda, A., Toda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Nakajima, S., Morishita, R., Furukawa, K., Ikeda, F., Fujii, M., Yamamoto, T., Wakisaka, G., Matasumoto, Y., Ono, H., Hirose, S., Kobayashi, K., Sawabu, N., Takeuchi, J., Kajikawa, K., Takada, A., Hirai, Y., Ohki, I., Sato, K., Tasaka, S., Sato, A., Aono, G., Kidokoro, T., Takezoe, K., Jojima, Y., Ohara, T., Soma, S., Ukawa, S., Yamaguchi, S., Shirahama, T., Sugiyama, K., Koyama, H., Haga, M., Arikawa, H., Toyokawa, H., Sato, R., Ueno, Y., Karasawa, Y., Onuma, H., Suzuki, H., Murakami, T., Yasui, A., Ichinose, Y., Hirase, Y., Okazaki, T., Takai, T., Watanabe, K., Kato, M., Yamada, M., Tsuji, T., Kunito, Y., Kobayashi, S., Udo, K., Iriyama, K., Sugiura, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kawamura, O., Ando, S., Hayashi, K., Tsuji, K., Yukawa, Y., Saito, N., Miyazawa, M., Imai, K., Tabayashi, T., Ito, H., Umehara, S., Watanabe, Y., Murai, S., Nukaga, A., Ishimatsu, N., Sotoyama, S., Abe, M., Hirai, K., Yoshida, K., Aoki, T., Nagao, F., Aoki, Y., Taniguchi, K., Wada, N., Tabuse, K., Yanagi, I., Tsuhada, K., Katsumi, M., Nakamura, K., Takemoto, K., Yamaura, Y., Karibe, N., Yamada, G., Ichikawa, H., Ogiwara, M., Matsushita, M., Kobayashi, I., Kusano, M., Yasuna, O., Hayashi, S., Yoshizumi, M., Kojima, Y., Matsubayashi, K., Yamamoto, T., Nishimura, R., Koga, M., Tachibana, M., Kurata, M., Suto, H., Ichinose, I., Ishizuka, K., Shimoda, M., Onai, M., Akiyama, T., Sekiguchi, T., Kobayashi, S., Matsuyoshi, M., Yonezawa, N., Kasamatsu, M., Yokota, Y., Toyoda, T., Uchimoto, I., Kanamoto, M., Fukai, Y., Sugawara, K., Katoh, M., Takebayashi, M., Mitsuyoshi, Y., Shimamoto, K., Nakamura, I., Tamura, M., Nishio, M., Mukaide, Y., Kuzumoto, Y., Ota, K., Yoshida, T., Sakamoto, A., Akiyama, T., Kaneko, S., Yanagida, M., Kishimoto, S., Miyaji, K., Shiraki, Y., Inoue, K., Tamada, T., Usui, T., Ohtsuka, K., Yamada, S., Fujishima, S., Tamiya, A., Saji, K., Ueda, A., Shiraki, Y., Inoue, K., Tamada, T., Usui, T., Ohtsuka, K., Yamada, S., Fujishima, S., Tamiya, A., Saji, K., Ueda, A., Yasutake, K., Irie, K., Ijiri, Y., Sato, H., Nishijima, H., Ogino, K., Okuno, T., Date, H., Yao, T., Koga, Y., Tomioka, T., Fuyuno, S., Okabe, H., Mitsui, H., Tamechika, Y., Masuda, N., Fujiwara, T., Sakimura, M., Okada, Y., Takamura, Y., Kono, T., Kurihara, M., Sumida, M., Izumi, T., Haraikawa, M., Hayakawa, H., Shirakabe, H., Yasui, A., Ushio, K., Okamoto, M., Noguchi, M., Kinoshita, A., Yamada, T., Ichikawa, H., Shimotori, K., Kudo, T., Mukaida, I., Ishikawa, H., Sato, K., Shirane, T., Kano, A., Suzuki, T., Tanaka, M., Iwanaga, T., Taniguchi, H., Inawashiro, M., Endo, N., Kawamura, T., Suzuki, Sh., Suzuki, H., Maki, T., Hayakawa, K., Ikezawa, H., Jao, C. C., Yamada, K., Nakamura, M., Tanaka, M., Maruyama, M., Nagasako, K., Oi, I., Kozu, T., Yamashita, K., Yokoyama, I., Endo, M., Takemoto, T., Nakayama, K., Hayakawa, R., Ishiguro, M., Nakano, H., Nakazawa, S., Tsuboi, Y., Yamase, H., Yamashita, T., Fujita, T., Ishikawa, Y., Ito, N., Mitsuno, T., Kanazawa, K., Yamashiro, M., Kubo, T., Iizuka, H., Watanabe, T., Sanada, M., Satoh, H., Shimada, H., Kusama, S., Ishikawa, K., Ikeda, K., Naramoto, J., Koga, M., Okazaki, Y., Nakamura, K., Kawamura, S., Fujimoto, S., Urayama, S., Matsuura, H., Sekitani, T., Sasayama, T., Nakagawa, K., Toyama, K., Nakagawa, S., Takada, T., Kusaka, K., Takaba, S., Satomura, A., Suzuki, T., Kawakami, Y., Watanabe, Y., Suzuki, H., Koike, T., Joh, S., Hara, T., Tamura, K., Kobayagawa, K., Hashimoto, T., Uemura, F., Fukui, O., Takahashi, M., Takasato, Y., Shirakawa, K., Hisamatsu, M., Saito, T., Ashizawa, S., Sakurane, Y., Miyamura, K., Sasaki, H., Katsumi, M., Ura, S., Emoto, M., Tatsumi, Y., Totsuka, Y., Chiba, N., Ozeki, M., Nakazawa, M., Takamura, S., Iida, F., Sawano, Y., Sugita, T., Funabiki, T., Watanabe, S., Moriya, T., Tomita, N., Nishida, K., Todo, A., Miyake, T., Suzaki, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Ariyoshi, J., Hajiro, K., Oishi, M., Yanagihara, K., Nakamura, A., Kuramata, H., Soeda, S., Kondo, N., Akashi, M., Hemmi, T., Kadono, H., Ito, T., Tsuchiya, R., Ikeda, Y., Futatsuki, K., Nomoto, S., Kino, I., Arai, M., Shimazu, H., Kobori, O., Ishikawa, K., Hiroshima, Y., Matsusaka, Y., Katase, K., Sakuma, Y., Murata, N., Komura, K., Ando, H., Ohara, K., Hayashi, A., Suzuki, M., Watanuki, T., Asano, T., Koide, N., Shiobara, M., Matsuo, N., Imai, K., Segawa, K., Nakazawa, S., Okabe, N., Kawai, K., Matsumoto, K., Shimada, H., Machida, K., Koizumi, Y., Hoshi, Y., Oi, M., Watanuki, T., Seki, H., Matsumura, M., Kimura, M., Yoshimura, M., Ishikawa, I., Kishi, S., Kondo, Y., Uchida, Y., Harada, H., Mandai, M., Kikuchi, T., Mishima, K., Yamagata, Y., Suyama, T., Kawagoe, K., Inagawa, T., Kishimoto, S., Sugiya, T., Kai, T., Miyoshi, A., Fukumoto, S., Watanabe, K., Kojo, H., Turuhara, I., Miyoshi, Y., Okamoto, K., Inata, H., Okamoto, H., Sakurai, S., Sugiyama, M., Sasaki, H., Miura, K., Kurihara, T., Sakumoto, K., Okita, E., Tanaka, H., Ishihara, K., Okawa, M., Okumura, Y., Watanabe, Y., Nishizaki, N., Murakami, T., Saito, K., Aoyagi, K., Hamaguchi, E., Kitamura, T., Matsuo, Y., Seki, A., Mori, H., Ishikawa, T., Nakajima, T., Shimomura, T., Sengoku, K., Aoyagi, K., Hamaguchi, E., Uchiya, Y., Yabana, T., Konta, M., Kamijo, K., Yachi, A., Okuse, S., Ohara, H., Sato, K., Wada, T., Kurata, M., Furuta, K., Nishii, M., Yamawaki, T., Nishii, K., Umeda, K., Yoshida, H., Ito, H., Okabayashi, T., Kato, Y., Yatsuji, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nomura, K., Matsumoto, K., Kamisaka, K., Motoki, T., Kamii, K., Kameda, H., Imamura, H., Uchiya, T., Ishizawa, M., Nishizaki, H., Murakami, T., Orimo, H., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, A., Orimo, H., Fujita, T., Oda, T., Itoh, Z., Honda, R., Takeuchi, S., Fukushima, T., Suda, T., Shinonaga, M., Ishiguro, N., Fujisawa, S., Nishiyama, K., and Ohkubo, T.

Published
1973
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Selective growth of human mast cells induced by Steel factor, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 from cord blood mononuclear cells

Author

Saito H, Motohiro Ebisawa, Tachimoto H, Shichijo M, Fukagawa K, Matsumoto K, Iikura Y, Awaji T, Tsujimoto G, Yanagida M, Uzumaki H, Takahashi G, Tsuji K, and Nakahata T

Subjects
Stem Cell Factor, Umbilical Veins, Base Sequence, Interleukin-6, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Fetal Blood, Dinoprostone, Leukocyte Count, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Mast Cells, Growth Substances, Cell Division
Abstract

To establish the method for generating a large number of mature human mast cells, we cultured cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) in several conditions in the presence of Steel factor (SF). Among several cytokines tested, IL-6 enhanced SF-dependent mast cell growth from purified CD34+ cells for more than 8 wk in culture. When CBMC were cultured instead of CD34+ cells, IL-6 enhanced the mast cell development in the presence but not in the absence of PGE2. PGE2 enhanced the SF- and IL-6-dependent development of mast cells from CBMC probably by blocking granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) secretion from accessory cells, because 1) PGE2, or anti-GM-CSF enhanced the mast cell development induced by SF and IL-6 from CBMC, but not from CD34+ cells; 2) GM-CSF inhibited the enhancing effect of IL-6 on the mast cell development from CD34+ cells; and 3) PGE2 inhibited GM-CSF secretion from CBMC. The mast cells cultured in the presence of SF, IL-6, and PGE2 for >10 wk were 99% pure, and seemed to be functionally mature, because 1) they contained 5.62 micrograms of histamine and 3.46 micrograms of tryptase per 10(6) cells; and 2) when sensitized with human IgE and then challenged with anti-human IgE, the cells released a variety of mediators such as histamine, and an increase in intracellular Ca2+ was found in advance of the activation of membrane movement by using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. Electron-microscopic analysis revealed that some of the cultured mast cells are morphologically mature since they filled with scroll granules and contained crystal granules.

Published
1996

28. Union Schweizerischer Gesellschaften für experimentelle Biologie Berichte der 2. Jahresversammlung: Fribourg, 23.–24. Mai 1970

Author

Akert, K., Kawana, E., Pfenninger, K., Moor, H., Sandri, C., Arczynska, W., Held, D. R., Haab, P., Boudry, J. F., Rioch-Ramel, F., Burri, P. H., Weibel, E. R., Cerretelli, P., di Prampero, P. E., Piiper, J., Chinet, A., Farber, J. P., Bloom, D. A., Farhi, L. E., Chmouliovsky, M., Churchill, P. C., Dolivo, M., Koelle, G. B., Geelhaar, A., Robert, M., Handwerker, H. O., Wettstein, A., Hösli, L., TebĒcis, A. K., Schönwetter, H. P., Andrès, P. F., Hösli, E., Jirounek, P., Straub, R. W., Kalix, P., Kelly, J. S., Dreifuss, J. J., Jéquier, E., Krayenbühl, H. P., Mehmel, H., Rutishauser, W., Meier, R. E., Dalderup, J., Cuénod, M., Perisic, M., Niemeyer, G., Forssmann, W. G., Oetliker, H., McGuigan, J. A. S., Parmeggiani, P. L., Franzini, C., Scheid, P., Roch-Ramel, F., Jotterand, N., Scherrer, M., Bitterli, J., Siegwart, B., Steiner, C. A., Tomori, Z., Trachtenberg, M. C., Kornblith, P., Häuptli, J., Braun, R., Zellweger, A., Bron, Th., Rous, S., Chmelar, M., Chmelarova, M., Favarger, P., Cueni, L., Schoenenberger, G. A., Allgöwer, M., Schonbach, J., Exton, J. H., Miller, Jr., T. B., Park, C. R., Fellay, G., Portmann, P., GonÇalves, J., Honegger, C. G., Schardt, M., Hecker, H., Marx, W., Shoyab, M., Murer, H., Schatzmann, H. J., Schenker, T. M., von Wartburg, J. P., Schindler, R., Schaer, J. C., Grieder, A., Stauffacher, W., Amherdt, M., Cameron, D., Burr, I., Balant, L., Orci, L., Stucki, J. W., Walter, P., Touabi, M., Jeanrenaud, B., Wacker, H., Lehky, P., Stein, E., Anabitarte, M., Winterhalter, K. H., Tuchschmid, P., Briehl, R. W., Brunori, M., Amiconi, G., Antonini, E., Wyman, J., Anner, Béatrice, Ferrero, J., Schorderet, M., Burkard, W. P., Lengsfeld, H., Gey, K. F., Haefely, W., Corthay, J., Benakis, A., Glasson, B., Haeusler, G., Somlyo, A. V., Somlyo, A. P., Heinrich, U., Langemann, H., Lichtensteiger, W., Iynedjian, P. B., Peters, G., Jalfre, M., Monachon, M. A., Lazáry, S., Stähelin, H., Minder, R., Bickel, M. H., Müller, A. H., Brunner, H., Pletscher, A., Da Prada, M., Berneis, K. H., Thomasset, M., Black, L. W., Ahmad-Zadeh, C., Dubochet, J., Ducommun, M., Kellenberger, E., Wacher, Ph., Tesi, D., Daldrup, J., Gautier, A., Schreyer, M., Cogliati, R., Gautschi, J. R., Goodman, H. M., Billeter, M. A., Hindley, J., Weissmann, C., Granboulan, P., Hess, M. W., Sordat, B., Cottier, H., Joel, D. D., Kellenberger-van der Kamp, C., Kolakofsky, D., Mechler, B., Mach, B., Mira-Moser, F., Schiller, P., Schwyzer, R., Scholl, A., Eppenberger, H. M., Séchaud, J., Staehelin, M., Wehrli, W., Yanagida, M., and Ahmad-Zadeh, G.

Published
1970
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdalla, F.C. Abeliovich, H. Abraham, R.T. Acevedo-Arozena, A. Adeli, K. Agholme, L. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguirre-Ghiso, J.A. Ahn, H.J. Ait-Mohamed, O. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akira, S. Al-Younes, H.M. Al-Zeer, M.A. Albert, M.L. Albin, R.L. Alegre-Abarrategui, J. Aleo, M.F. Alirezaei, M. Almasan, A. Almonte-Becerril, M. Amano, A. Amaravadi, R. Amarnath, S. Amer, A.O. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anantharam, V. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Arancia, G. Aris, J.P. Asanuma, K. Asare, N.Y.O. Ashida, H. Askanas, V. Askew, D.S. Auberger, P. Baba, M. Backues, S.K. Baehrecke, E.H. Bahr, B.A. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Baiocchi, R. Baldini, G. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Bamber, B.A. Bampton, E.T.W. Bánhegyi, G. Bartholomew, C.R. Bassham, D.C. Bast Jr., R.C. Batoko, H. Bay, B.-H. Beau, I. Béchet, D.M. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Bekri, S. Bellaire, B. Bendall, L.J. Benetti, L. Berliocchi, L. Bernardi, H. Bernassola, F. Besteiro, S. Bhatia-Kissova, I. Bi, X. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Blum, J.S. Boise, L.H. Bonaldo, P. Boone, D.L. Bornhauser, B.C. Bortoluci, K.R. Bossis, I. Bost, F. Bourquin, J.-P. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N.R. Brancolini, C. Brech, A. Brenman, J.E. Brennand, A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bristol, M.L. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Brunk, U.T. Bulman, D.E. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Burbulla, L.F. Bursch, W. Butchar, J.P. Buzgariu, W. Bydlowski, S.P. Cadwell, K. Cahová, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calabretta, B. Calvo-Garrido, J. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campos-Salinas, J. Candi, E. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Carding, S.R. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carlin, C.R. Carmignac, V. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carra, S. Caruso, R.A. Casari, G. Casas, C. Castino, R. Cebollero, E. Cecconi, F. Celli, J. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chai, C.-Y. Chan, D.C. Chan, E.Y. Chang, R.C.-C. Che, C.-M. Chen, C.-C. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G.-Q. Chen, M. Chen, Q. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, X. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, Y. Cheong, H. Cheong, J.-H. Cherry, S. Chess-Williams, R. Cheung, Z.H. Chevet, E. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiba, T. Chin, L.-S. Chiou, S.-H. Chisari, F.V. Cho, C.H. Cho, D.-H. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, D. Choi, K.S. Choi, M.E. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chueh, S.-H. Chun, T. Chwae, Y.-J. Chye, M.-L. Ciarcia, R. Ciriolo, M.R. Clague, M.J. Clark, R.S.B. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Codogno, P. Coller, H.A. Colombo, M.I. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Condorelli, F. Cookson, M.R. Coombs, G.H. Coppens, I. Corbalan, R. Cossart, P. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Coto-Montes, A. Couve, E. Coxon, F.P. Cregg, J.M. Crespo, J.L. Cronjé, M.J. Cuervo, A.M. Cullen, J.J. Czaja, M.J. D'Amelio, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Davids, L.M. Davies, F.E. De Felici, M. De Groot, J.F. De Haan, C.A.M. De Martino, L. De Milito, A. De Tata, V. Debnath, J. Degterev, A. Dehay, B. Delbridge, L.M.D. Demarchi, F. Deng, Y.Z. Dengjel, J. Dent, P. Denton, D. Deretic, V. Desai, S.D. Devenish, R.J. Di Gioacchino, M. Di Paolo, G. Di Pietro, C. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, W.-X. Distelhorst, C.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dokudovskaya, S. Dong, Z. Dorsey, F.C. Dosenko, V. Dowling, J.J. Doxsey, S. Dreux, M. Drew, M.E. Duan, Q. Duchosal, M.A. Duff, K. Dugail, I. Durbeej, M. Duszenko, M. Edelstein, C.L. Edinger, A.L. Egea, G. Eichinger, L. Eissa, N.T. Ekmekcioglu, S. El-Deiry, W.S. Elazar, Z. Elgendy, M. Ellerby, L.M. Er Eng, K. Engelbrecht, A.-M. Engelender, S. Erenpreisa, J. Escalante, R. Esclatine, A. Eskelinen, E.-L. Espert, L. Espina, V. Fan, H. Fan, J. Fan, Q.-W. Fan, Z. Fang, S. Fang, Y. Fanto, M. Fanzani, A. Farkas, T. Farré, J.-C. Faure, M. Fechheimer, M. Feng, C.G. Feng, J. Feng, Q. Feng, Y. Fésüs, L. Feuer, R. Figueiredo-Pereira, M.E. Fimia, G.M. Fingar, D.C. Finkbeiner, S. Finkel, T. Finley, K.D. Fiorito, F. Fisher, E.A. Fisher, P.B. Flajolet, M. Florez-McClure, M.L. Florio, S. Fon, E.A. Fornai, F. Fortunato, F. Fotedar, R. Fowler, D.H. Fox, H.S. Franco, R. Frankel, L.B. Fransen, M. Fuentes, J.M. Fueyo, J. Fujii, J. Fujisaki, K. Fujita, E. Fukuda, M. Furukawa, R.H. Gaestel, M. Gailly, P. Gajewska, M. Galliot, B. Galy, V. Ganesh, S. Ganetzky, B. Ganley, I.G. Gao, F.-B. Gao, G.F. Gao, J. Garcia, L. Garcia-Manero, G. Garcia-Marcos, M. Garmyn, M. Gartel, A.L. Gatti, E. Gautel, M. Gawriluk, T.R. Gegg, M.E. Geng, J. Germain, M. Gestwicki, J.E. Gewirtz, D.A. Ghavami, S. Ghosh, P. Giammarioli, A.M. Giatromanolaki, A.N. Gibson, S.B. Gilkerson, R.W. Ginger, M.L. Ginsberg, H.N. Golab, J. Goligorsky, M.S. Golstein, P. Gomez-Manzano, C. Goncu, E. Gongora, C. Gonzalez, C.D. Gonzalez, R. González-Estévez, C. González-Polo, R.A. Gonzalez-Rey, E. Gorbunov, N.V. Gorski, S. Goruppi, S. Gottlieb, R.A. Gozuacik, D. Granato, G.E. Grant, G.D. Green, K.N. Gregorc, A. Gros, F. Grose, C. Grunt, T.W. Gual, P. Guan, J.-L. Guan, K.-L. Guichard, S.M. Gukovskaya, A.S. Gukovsky, I. Gunst, J. Gustafsson, A.B. Halayko, A.J. Hale, A.N. Halonen, S.K. Hamasaki, M. Han, F. Han, T. Hancock, M.K. Hansen, M. Harada, H. Harada, M. Hardt, S.E. Harper, J.W. Harris, A.L. Harris, J. Harris, S.D. Hashimoto, M. Haspel, J.A. Hayashi, S.-I. Hazelhurst, L.A. He, C. He, Y.-W. Hébert, M.-J. Heidenreich, K.A. Helfrich, M.H. Helgason, G.V. Henske, E.P. Herman, B. Herman, P.K. Hetz, C. Hilfiker, S. Hill, J.A. Hocking, L.J. Hofman, P. Hofmann, T.G. Höhfeld, J. Holyoake, T.L. Hong, M.-H. Hood, D.A. Hotamisligil, G.S. Houwerzijl, E.J. Høyer-Hansen, M. Hu, B. Hu, C.-A.A. Hu, H.-M. Hua, Y. Huang, C. Huang, J. Huang, S. Huang, W.-P. Huber, T.B. Huh, W.-K. Hung, T.-H. Hupp, T.R. Hur, G.M. Hurley, J.B. Hussain, S.N.A. Hussey, P.J. Hwang, J.J. Hwang, S. Ichihara, A. Ilkhanizadeh, S. Inoki, K. Into, T. Iovane, V. Iovanna, J.L. Ip, N.Y. Isaka, Y. Ishida, H. Isidoro, C. Isobe, K.-I. Iwasaki, A. Izquierdo, M. Izumi, Y. Jaakkola, P.M. Jäättelä, M. Jackson, G.R. Jackson, W.T. Janji, B. Jendrach, M. Jeon, J.-H. Jeung, E.-B. Jiang, H. Jiang, H. Jiang, J.X. Jiang, M. Jiang, Q. Jiang, X. Jiménez, A. Jin, M. Jin, S. Joe, C.O. Johansen, T. Johnson, D.E. Johnson, G.V.W. Jones, N.L. Joseph, B. Joseph, S.K. Joubert, A.M. Juhász, G. Juillerat-Jeanneret, L. Jung, C.H. Jung, Y.-K. Kaarniranta, K. Kaasik, A. Kabuta, T. Kadowaki, M. Kagedal, K. Kamada, Y. Kaminskyy, V.O. Kampinga, H.H. Kanamori, H. Kang, C. Kang, K.B. Il Kang, K. Kang, R. Kang, Y.-A. Kanki, T. Kanneganti, T.-D. Kanno, H. Kanthasamy, A.G. Kanthasamy, A. Karantza, V. Kaushal, G.P. Kaushik, S. Kawazoe, Y. Ke, P.-Y. Kehrl, J.H. Kelekar, A. Kerkhoff, C. Kessel, D.H. Khalil, H. Kiel, J.A.K.W. Kiger, A.A. Kihara, A. Kim, D.R. Kim, D.-H. Kim, D.-H. Kim, E.-K. Kim, H.-R. Kim, J.-S. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.C. Kim, J.K. Kim, P.K. Kim, S.W. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, Y. Kimchi, A. Kimmelman, A.C. King, J.S. Kinsella, T.J. Kirkin, V. Kirshenbaum, L.A. Kitamoto, K. Kitazato, K. Klein, L. Klimecki, W.T. Klucken, J. Knecht, E. Ko, B.C.B. Koch, J.C. Koga, H. Koh, J.-Y. Koh, Y.H. Koike, M. Komatsu, M. Kominami, E. Kong, H.J. Kong, W.-J. Korolchuk, V.I. Kotake, Y. Koukourakis, M.I. Kouri Flores, J.B. Kovács, A.L. Kraft, C. Krainc, D. Krämer, H. Kretz-Remy, C. Krichevsky, A.M. Kroemer, G. Krüger, R. Krut, O. Ktistakis, N.T. Kuan, C.-Y. Kucharczyk, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kundu, M. Kung, H.-J. Kurz, T. Kwon, H.J. La Spada, A.R. Lafont, F. Lamark, T. Landry, J. Lane, J.D. Lapaquette, P. Laporte, J.F. László, L. Lavandero, S. Lavoie, J.N. Layfield, R. Lazo, P.A. Le, W. Le Cam, L. Ledbetter, D.J. Lee, A.J.X. Lee, B.-W. Lee, G.M. Lee, J. Lee, J.-H. Lee, M. Lee, M.-S. Lee, S.H. Leeuwenburgh, C. Legembre, P. Legouis, R. Lehmann, M. Lei, H.-Y. Lei, Q.-Y. Leib, D.A. Leiro, J. Lemasters, J.J. Lemoine, A. Lesniak, M.S. Lev, D. Levenson, V.V. Levine, B. Levy, E. Li, F. Li, J.-L. Li, L. Li, S. Li, W. Li, X.-J. Li, Y.-B. Li, Y.-P. Liang, C. Liang, Q. Liao, Y.-F. Liberski, P.P. Lieberman, A. Lim, H.J. Lim, K.-L. Lim, K. Lin, C.-F. Lin, F.-C. Lin, J. Lin, J.D. Lin, K. Lin, W.-W. Lin, W.-C. Lin, Y.-L. Linden, R. Lingor, P. Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Lisanti, M.P. Liton, P.B. Liu, B. Liu, C.-F. Liu, K. Liu, L. Liu, Q.A. Liu, W. Liu, Y.-C. Liu, Y. Lockshin, R.A. Lok, C.-N. Lonial, S. Loos, B. Lopez-Berestein, G. López-Otín, C. Lossi, L. Lotze, M.T. Lõw, P. Lu, B. Lu, B. Lu, B. Lu, Z. Luciano, F. Lukacs, N.W. Lund, A.H. Lynch-Day, M.A. Ma, Y. Macian, F. MacKeigan, J.P. Macleod, K.F. Madeo, F. Maiuri, L. Maiuri, M.C. Malagoli, D. Malicdan, M.C.V. Malorni, W. Man, N. Mandelkow, E.-M. Manon, S. Manov, I. Mao, K. Mao, X. Mao, Z. Marambaud, P. Marazziti, D. Marcel, Y.L. Marchbank, K. Marchetti, P. Marciniak, S.J. Marcondes, M. Mardi, M. Marfe, G. Mariño, G. Markaki, M. Marten, M.R. Martin, S.J. Martinand-Mari, C. Martinet, W. Martinez-Vicente, M. Masini, M. Matarrese, P. Matsuo, S. Matteoni, R. Mayer, A. Mazure, N.M. McConkey, D.J. McConnell, M.J. McDermott, C. McDonald, C. McInerney, G.M. McKenna, S.L. McLaughlin, B. McLean, P.J. McMaster, C.R. McQuibban, G.A. Meijer, A.J. Meisler, M.H. Meléndez, A. Melia, T.J. Melino, G. Mena, M.A. Menendez, J.A. Menna-Barreto, R.F.S. Menon, M.B. Menzies, F.M. Mercer, C.A. Merighi, A. Merry, D.E. Meschini, S. Meyer, C.G. Meyer, T.F. Miao, C.-Y. Miao, J.-Y. Michels, P.A.M. Michiels, C. Mijaljica, D. Milojkovic, A. Minucci, S. Miracco, C. Miranti, C.K. Mitroulis, I. Miyazawa, K. Mizushima, N. Mograbi, B. Mohseni, S. Molero, X. Mollereau, B. Mollinedo, F. Momoi, T. Monastyrska, I. Monick, M.M. Monteiro, M.J. Moore, M.N. Mora, R. Moreau, K. Moreira, P.I. Moriyasu, Y. Moscat, J. Mostowy, S. Mottram, J.C. Motyl, T. Moussa, C.E.-H. Müller, S. Muller, S. Münger, K. Münz, C. Murphy, L.O. Murphy, M.E. Musarò, A. Mysorekar, I. Nagata, E. Nagata, K. Nahimana, A. Nair, U. Nakagawa, T. Nakahira, K. Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, H. Nanjundan, M. Naqvi, N.I. Narendra, D.P. Narita, M. Navarro, M. Nawrocki, S.T. Nazarko, T.Y. Nemchenko, A. Netea, M.G. Neufeld, T.P. Ney, P.A. Nezis, I.P. Nguyen, H.P. Nie, D. Nishino, I. Nislow, C. Nixon, R.A. Noda, T. Noegel, A.A. Nogalska, A. Noguchi, S. Notterpek, L. Novak, I. Nozaki, T. Nukina, N. Nürnberger, T. Nyfeler, B. Obara, K. Oberley, T.D. Oddo, S. Ogawa, M. Ohashi, T. Okamoto, K. Oleinick, N.L. Oliver, F.J. Olsen, L.J. Olsson, S. Opota, O. Osborne, T.F. Ostrander, G.K. Otsu, K. Ou, J.-H.J. Ouimet, M. Overholtzer, M. Ozpolat, B. Paganetti, P. Pagnini, U. Pallet, N. Palmer, G.E. Palumbo, C. Pan, T. Panaretakis, T. Pandey, U.B. Papackova, Z. Papassideri, I. Paris, I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Parys, J.B. Parzych, K.R. Patschan, S. Patterson, C. Pattingre, S. Pawelek, J.M. Peng, J. Perlmutter, D.H. Perrotta, I. Perry, G. Pervaiz, S. Peter, M. Peters, G.J. Petersen, M. Petrovski, G. Phang, J.M. Piacentini, M. Pierre, P. Pierrefite-Carle, V. Pierron, G. Pinkas-Kramarski, R. Piras, A. Piri, N. Platanias, L.C. Pöggeler, S. Poirot, M. Poletti, A. Poüs, C. Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prætorius-Ibba, M. Prasad, A. Prescott, M. Priault, M. Produit-Zengaffinen, N. Progulske-Fox, A. Proikas-Cezanne, T. Przedborski, S. Przyklenk, K. Puertollano, R. Puyal, J. Qian, S.-B. Qin, L. Qin, Z.-H. Quaggin, S.E. Raben, N. Rabinowich, H. Rabkin, S.W. Rahman, I. Rami, A. Ramm, G. Randall, G. Randow, F. Rao, V.A. Rathmell, J.C. Ravikumar, B. Ray, S.K. Reed, B.H. Reed, J.C. Reggiori, F. Régnier-Vigouroux, A. Reichert, A.S. Reiners Jr., J.J. Reiter, R.J. Ren, J. Revuelta, J.L. Rhodes, C.J. Ritis, K. Rizzo, E. Robbins, J. Roberge, M. Roca, H. Roccheri, M.C. Rocchi, S. Rodemann, H.P. De Córdoba, S.R. Rohrer, B. Roninson, I.B. Rosen, K. Rost-Roszkowska, M.M. Rouis, M. Rouschop, K.M.A. Rovetta, F. Rubin, B.P. Rubinsztein, D.C. Ruckdeschel, K. Rucker III, E.B. Rudich, A. Rudolf, E. Ruiz-Opazo, N. Russo, R. Rusten, T.E. Ryan, K.M. Ryter, S.W. Sabatini, D.M. Sadoshima, J. Saha, T. Saitoh, T. Sakagami, H. Sakai, Y. Salekdeh, G.H. Salomoni, P. Salvaterra, P.M. Salvesen, G. Salvioli, R. Sanchez, A.M.J. Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. Sánchez-Prieto, R. Sandri, M. Sankar, U. Sansanwal, P. Santambrogio, L. Saran, S. Sarkar, S. Sarwal, M. Sasakawa, C. Sasnauskiene, A. Sass, M. Sato, K. Sato, M. Schapira, A.H.V. Scharl, M. Schätzl, H.M. Scheper, W. Schiaffino, S. Schneider, C. Schneider, M.E. Schneider-Stock, R. Schoenlein, P.V. Schorderet, D.F. Schüller, C. Schwartz, G.K. Scorrano, L. Sealy, L. Seglen, P.O. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seleverstov, O. Sell, C. Seo, J.B. Separovic, D. Setaluri, V. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shanmugam, M. Shapiro, I.M. Shaulian, E. Shaw, R.J. Shelhamer, J.H. Shen, H.-M. Shen, W.-C. Sheng, Z.-H. Shi, Y. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shintani, T. Shirihai, O.S. Shore, G.C. Sibirny, A.A. Sidhu, S.B. Sikorska, B. Silva-Zacarin, E.C.M. Simmons, A. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simonsen, A. Sinclair, D.A. Singh, R. Sinha, D. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skop, V. Skulachev, V.P. Slack, R.S. Smaili, S.S. Smith, D.R. Soengas, M.S. Soldati, T. Song, X. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Sotgia, F. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Srinivasula, S.M. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J.S. Stendel, R. Stenmark, H. Stephanou, A. Stern, S.T. Sternberg, C. Stork, B. Strålfors, P. Subauste, C.S. Sui, X. Sulzer, D. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Z.-J. Sung, J.J.Y. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, T. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Sweeney, S.T. Sy, L.-K. Szabadkai, G. Tabas, I. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Takács-Vellai, K. Takano, Y. Takegawa, K. Takemura, G. Takeshita, F. Talbot, N.J. Tan, K.S.W. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, K. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tanida, I. Tannous, B.A. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Terada, A.S. Terman, A. Tettamanti, G. Thevissen, K. Thompson, C.B. Thorburn, A. Thumm, M. Tian, F. Tian, Y. Tocchini-Valentini, G. Tolkovsky, A.M. Tomino, Y. Tönges, L. Tooze, S.A. Tournier, C. Tower, J. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Tsai, T.-F. Tschan, M.P. Tsubata, T. Tsung, A. Turk, B. Turner, L.S. Tyagi, S.C. Uchiyama, Y. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Unni, V.K. Vaccaro, M.I. Valente, E.M. Van Den Berghe, G. Van Der Klei, I.J. Van Doorn, W.G. Van Dyk, L.F. Van Egmond, M. Van Grunsven, L.A. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W.P. Vanhorebeek, I. Vaquero, E.C. Velasco, G. Vellai, T. Vicencio, J.M. Vierstra, R.D. Vila, M. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. Von Haefen, C. Votruba, M. Wada, K. Wade-Martins, R. Walker, C.L. Walsh, C.M. Walter, J. Wan, X.-B. Wang, A. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, M. Wang, R.C. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.C. Wang, Z. Wansink, D.G. Ward, D.M. Watada, H. Waters, S.L. Webster, P. Wei, L. Weihl, C.C. Weiss, W.A. Welford, S.M. Wen, L.-P. Whitehouse, C.A. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wileman, T. Wiley, J.W. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, R.L. Williamson, P.R. Wouters, B.G. Wu, C. Wu, D.-C. Wu, W.K.K. Wyttenbach, A. Xavier, R.J. Xi, Z. Xia, P. Xiao, G. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xu, D.-Z. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, A. Yamashina, S. Yamashita, M. Yan, X. Yanagida, M. Yang, D.-S. Yang, E. Yang, J.-M. Yang, S.Y. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, T.-P. Yeganeh, B. Yen, W.-L. Yin, J.-J. Yin, X.-M. Yoo, O.-J. Yoon, G. Yoon, S.-Y. Yorimitsu, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Yoshimori, T. Yoshimoto, K. You, H.J. Youle, R.J. Younes, A. Yu, L. Yu, L. Yu, S.-W. Yu, W.H. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, Z. Yun, C.-H. Yuzaki, M. Zabirnyk, O. Silva-Zacarin, E. David Zacks, E. Zacksenhaus, L. Zaffaroni, N. Zakeri, Z. Zeh III, H.J. Zeitlin, S.O. Zhang, H. Zhang, H.-L. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X.D. Zhao, M. Zhao, Y.-F. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, C.-Z. Zhu, C. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zschocke, J. Zuckerbraun, B.

Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.

Published
2012

30. Properties and functions of lactosylceramide from mouse neutrophils

Author

Iwabuchi, K., primary, Masuda, H., additional, Kaga, N., additional, Nakayama, H., additional, Matsumoto, R., additional, Iwahara, C., additional, Yoshizaki, F., additional, Tamaki, Y., additional, Kobayashi, T., additional, Hayakawa, T., additional, Ishii, K., additional, Yanagida, M., additional, Ogawa, H., additional, and Takamori, K., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Fission yeast genes nda1+ and nda4+, mutations of which lead to S-phase block, chromatin alteration and Ca2+ suppression, are members of the CDC46/MCM2 family

Author

Yanagida M, S Miyake, N Okishio, I Samejima, Yasushi Hiraoka, I Saitoh, and Toda T

Subjects
Cell division, Genes, Fungal, Molecular Sequence Data, Cell Cycle Proteins, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, S Phase, Fungal Proteins, Membrane Cofactor Protein, Transformation, Genetic, Antigens, CD, Schizosaccharomyces, medicine, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Fungal, Molecular Biology, Mitosis, Mutation, Membrane Glycoproteins, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Genetic Complementation Test, DNA replication, Temperature, Chromosome Mapping, Cell Biology, Cell cycle, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Chromatin, DNA-Binding Proteins, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Calcium, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins, Chromosomes, Fungal, Sequence Analysis, Cytokinesis, Cell Division, Research Article
Abstract

Fission yeast cold-sensitive mutants nda1-376 and nda4-108 display a cell cycle block phenotype at the restrictive temperature (cell elongation with the single nucleus) accompanied by an alteration in the nuclear chromatin region. DNA content analysis shows that the onset of DNA synthesis is blocked or greatly delayed in both mutant cells, the block being reversible in nda4-108. Upon release to the permissive temperature, nda4-108 cells resumed replicating DNA, followed by mitosis and cytokinesis. The nda4 phenotype was partly rescued by the addition of Ca2+ to the medium; Ca2+ plays a positive role in the nda4+ function. The predicted protein sequences of nda1+ and nda4+ isolated by complementation are similar to each other and also, respectively, to those of the budding yeast, MCM2 and CDC46, both of which are members of the gene family required for the initiation of DNA replication. The central domains of these proteins are conserved, whereas the NH2- and COOH- domains are distinct. Results of the disruption of the nda1+ and nda4+ genes demonstrates that they are essential for viability.

Published
1993

48. Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Specific Calpain, p94/calpain 3, on Multiple Molecular Interactions Using Connectin/titin N2A Region as a Modulating Scaffold

Author

Ono, Y., primary, Hayashi, C., additional, Doi, N., additional, Kitamura, F., additional, Tagami, M., additional, Mineki, R., additional, Arai, T., additional, Taguchi, H., additional, Yanagida, M., additional, Hirner, S., additional, Labeit, D., additional, Labeit, S., additional, and Sorimachi, H., additional

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results