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The article delves into the comparative legal analysis of the doctrines of force majeure and frustration in Indian legislation, which are the most relevant in contemporary scenarios. The objective is to examine the legal essence of these concepts, identify similarities and differences, and outline the characteristics of circumstances leading to contract impossibility and constituting force majeure events. Through a review of Indian legislation and judicial precedents, the article seeks to explore the application scope of these doctrines, including in the context of digitalization and the rise of electronic document management. The employed methods include theoretical approaches such as formal and dialectical logic, comparative-legal logic, interpretation, and description. Specific scientific methods comprise juridical-dogmatic analysis and the interpretation of legal norms. The results highlight that in Indian law, the doctrine of force majeure is invoked in the presence of a specified «force majeure event» outlined in the contract, while «impossibility» encompasses other unforeseen circumstances not covered by the force majeure clause. Notably, in Indian practice, «impossibility» is construed as «impracticability» not solely as literal physical «impossibility». In conclusion, a key distinction between frustration and force majeure lies in the event’s impact on the contract. Nevertheless, despite these distinctions, both legal institutions share a common objective of mitigating potential losses for contractual parties when unforeseen circumstances impede the fulfillment of obligation.

Introduction. The amino acid substitution A62V in reverse transcriptase was identified as a mutation correlated with virologic failure in patients on first-line therapy including tenofovir (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). A62V is a typically polymorphic mutation in HIV-1 sub-subtype A6, which is the most widespread virus variant in Russia. Materials and methods. The European EuResist (EIDB) database was queried to form two equivalent groups of patients: group 1 ‒ patients with A62V at baseline treated with TDF or TAF on the first-line therapy, group 2 ‒ patients without A62V at baseline treated with TDF or TAF on the first-line therapy. Each group included 23 patients. Results. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in virologic efficacy in 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in the frequency of virologic failures. Conclusion. This study has some limitations, and the exact role of A62V in the efficacy of the first-line ART based on tenofovir deserves further investigation.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Extimia® BIOCAD (international non-proprietary name: empegfilgrastim) to reduce the incidence and duration of neutropenia, the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and infections associated with FN in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of a multicenter retrospective-and-prospective observational post-marketing study of the safety and effectiveness of Extimia® BIOCAD (international non-proprietary name: empegfilgrastim) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases receiving cytotoxic therapy. Initially, the study was defined as retrospective-and-prospective. However, only 2 of 671 (0.3%) patients were included retrospectively. Thus, the study is based on the evaluation of prospectively collected data. The analysis describes the characteristics and treatment of 671 patients diagnosed with lymphoma who received one or more cycles of chemotherapy in the LEGERITY study. The endpoints of interest included the incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia, FN, and grade 3–4 infectious complications, the frequency of antibiotic therapy, and the incidence of all adverse reactions in patients who received at least one dose of the study medication. Results. A total of 671 patients were enrolled in the study, the majority having B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (428/671, 64%) and Hodgkin lymphoma (211/671, 31%). The mean age was 54 years (18–84); 35% (236/671) of patients were elderly (over 60). The number of injections of empegfilgrastim for the entire observation period was 3093 (n=671). Adverse events were reported in 57/3093 (1.8%) cases. The most common adverse events were mild to moderate ossalgia and myalgia (27/671, 4%), back pain, and arthralgia (12/671, 1.8%), which did not require drug therapy. Two patients developed serious adverse reactions – CTCAE v.5 grade 4 hypotension events. 529 (78.8%) patients received at least 4 courses of chemotherapy. FN was reported in 14 (2.6%) patients and did not require antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion. The final analysis results confirm the high clinical efficacy and safety of the Russian original pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor empegfilgrastim (Extimia®) in patients with indolent and aggressive lymphomas. The data obtained from real-world clinical practice demonstrate a favorable safety and tolerability profile of empegfilgrastim in all age groups, including the elderly population.

The article examines the investment attractiveness of a municipality on the example of the city of Magnitogorsk, analyzes the investment potential of the city, and considers the main problems preventing an increase in the flow of investments. The article also suggests measures to increase the investment attractiveness of the city of Magnitogorsk. Today, investments are an important tool for economic development not only of the state, but also of regional and municipal entities. The inflow of investments attracted to municipalities has a positive effect on the dynamics and efficiency of the development of the economy of these territories, allows significantly improving the main socio-economic indicators. Therefore, the main task for municipal authorities is to create a favorable investment climate and increase the investment attractiveness of the territories entrusted to them. The purpose of this study is to characterize the investment attractiveness of the Magnitogorsk municipality and develop measures to improve it. Methods. Such universal methods of scientific cognition as analysis, synthesis, generalization and others were used in the work. Also, in the course of the research, statistical data were collected and analyzed, and official documentation was analyzed. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the main factors and risks constraining the investment potential of the city of Magnitogorsk were identified, and practical recommendations and three groups of measures aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of the municipality were developed. Conclusions. Investment attractiveness today is one of the key factors for the successful economic development of territories, including municipalities. The study showed that, despite the presence of certain constraining factors, the city of Magnitogorsk has all the prerequisites to increase its investment attractiveness and create a favorable investment climate.

Grinding is the most energy-intensive process among all stages of raw material preparation and determines the course of subsequent ore beneficiation stages. Level of electricity consumption is determined in accordance with load characteristics forming as a result of ore destruction in the mill. Mill drum speed is one of process variables due to which it is possible to control ore destruction mechanisms when choosing speed operation mode of adjustable electric mill drive. This study on increasing energy efficiency due to using mill electric drive is based on integrated modelling of process equipment – grinding process and electromechanic equipment – electric drive of grinding process. Evaluating load torque by means of its decomposition into a spectrum, mill condition is identified by changing signs of frequency components of torque spectrum; and when studying electromagnetic torque of electric drive, grinding process is monitored. Evaluation and selection of efficient operation mode of electric drive is based on the obtained spectrum of electromagnetic torque. Research results showed that with increasing mill drum speed – increasing impact energy, load torque values are comparable for the assigned simulation parameters. From the spectra obtained, it is possible to identify mill load condition – speed and fill level. This approach allows evaluating the impact of changes in process variables of grinding process on parameters of electromechanical system. Changing speed operation mode will increase grinding productivity by reducing the time of ore grinding and will not lead to growth of energy consumption. Integration of digital models of the technological process and automated electric drive system allows forming the basis for developing integrated methods of monitoring and evaluation of energy efficiency of the entire technological chain of ore beneficiation.

The analysis shows that the choice of forms, methods and tools of state regulation of the agrarian sector depends on the development of researchers, to address the problem of interaction between power and economic structures. In terms of institutional reforms synthesis of different concepts can contribute to the design and implementation of formal rules that ensure accelerated growth of agricultural organizations.

Aim. To assess effectiveness and safety of Extimia BIOCAD (INN: empegfilgrastim) used to decrease the rate and duration of neutropenia, the rate of febrile neutropenia and infections that manifest in febrile neutropenia in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases who receive myelosuppressive therapy. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of the second interim analysis of multicenter retrospective-and-prospective observational post-marketing study of effectiveness and safety of Extimia BIOCAD (INN: empegfilgrastim) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases who receive cytotoxic therapy. The second stage of the interim analysis describes patient characteristics, therapy used in 221 patients with morphologically confirmed lymphoma who received one or more cycles of chemotherapy as part of LEGERITY study. The endpoints of interest included the rate of Grade 3/4 neutropenia in patients, after the first cycle of any therapy line; the rate of febrile neutropenia; the rate of Grade 3/4 infectious complications; the rate of antibacterial therapy prescriptions; and the assessment of the relative dose-intensity of received chemotherapy. Additionally, the incidence rate of all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of the study drug; the incidence rate of all serious ADRs was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of the study drug; the incidence rate of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 5.0 Grade 3/4 ADRs in patients who received at least one dose of the study drug; the rate of study drug discontinuations due to ADRs was also assessed. Results. As of the second interim analysis, LEGERITY included 221 patients with various indolent and aggressive lymphomas. Median age of the patients was 53 years (1982). A group of older patients (over 60 years of age) accounted for 34% of the study population. Patients received 1 injection of Extimia per chemotherapy cycle. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was registered in 6.7% (n=14) patients. Overall, all-grade neutropenia was reported in 21.4% (n=44) patients. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 2.9% cases. Severe infections and the use of antimicrobials were reported in no patients throughout the CT period and after each cycle of therapy. Most commonly reported adverse reactions included mild-to-moderate ossalgias (6.8%) and myalgias, back pain, and arthralgias (3.2%), that did not require pharmaceutical therapy. One (0.5%) patient had a severe adverse drug reaction a CTCAE 5.0 Grade 4 hypotension episode. Conclusion. Interim analysis results support high effectiveness and safety of the Russian original pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of empegfilgrastim (Extimia) in patients both with indolent and aggressive lymphomas. Real world evidence demonstrates a favourable safety and tolerability profile of empegfilgrastim in all age groups, including in the aging population. As of the moment of the interim analysis publication, the study is ongoing. Final conclusions on the safety and effectiveness of empegfilgrastim (Extimia) are to be drawn upon the study completion.

Background. This problem requires a study and a comprehensive analysis of the social changes in the northern villages and how they affected the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study some aspects of social changes in the traditional economy of the North of Yakutia on the eve and during the post-Soviet transformations. Materials and methods. Archival sources and the results of research by Northern scientists of the 1990s on the study of general and local social problems of northern villages and indigenous workers were used. When studying the topic, a chronologically problematic approach was used. The analysis of the issues was carried out using comparative, retrospective, statistical methods. Results. From archival documents, specific examples of social changes in the farms of Northerners at the turn of the last decades of the twentieth century are highlighted, especially in terms of wages and housing. Some results of research by Northern scientists conducted in the 1990s are shown. They outlined the general social problems of the northern villages, the specific consequences of the activities of the new tribal communities of indigenous peoples. The necessity of further research of this problem is actualized. Practical implications. The results obtained are the basis for further interdisciplinary research. Also, conclusions and local examples can be used as local history material on humanitarian specialties in educational institutions of various levels. This problem requires a study and a comprehensive analysis of the social changes in the northern villages and how they affected the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia.

The main indicator of the success of innovative municipal administration is the provision of high-quality, accessible, and timely public services to both the population and economic entities located in this territory. The purpose of the article is to study innovative methods of optimizing the information and communication system of the local government of Ukraine in the changing conditions of nowadays. As a result, the category “innovative municipal administration” was defined as a the most complex type of management activity, which emphasizes the use of scientific and intellectual management resources, which is formed by the introduction and use of an effective information and communication system for the effective reproduction, distribution and use of available and potential resources in order to ensure a high standard of living for members of the territorial community, which will allow balanced development of the three most important systems: nature, civil society, and the economy. The authors found out that the central place of the system is, on the one hand, the development of mechanisms for effective information and advisory support, and on the other, the transferring of public services into electronic form, which will reduce time consumption, increase distribution channels, increase the overall socio-economic development of the territories, as well as deepen the reform of decentralization of power and the course of integration into the European space.

This research investigated how entrepreneurial skills influence the mindset of an entrepreneurial engineer. The total number of engineering graduates participating in this research was 65 students who graduated between 2016 and 2022. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial skills of engineering graduates ranged from average to good. The results also indicated that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the entrepreneurial skills of engineering graduates and their entrepreneurial mindset. This research concluded that it is essential for engineering students to acquire entrepreneurial skills that support their engineering major and lead them to think broadly about their future career opportunities. Hence, entrepreneurial skills enhance their competitiveness in innovative and emerging engineering disciplines. This research supports the integration of entrepreneurship skills with practical applications in all engineering curricula and courses in universities. This research contributes to the literature as it is one of the few studies that addressed expanding the entrepreneurial horizons of engineering graduates and directing them towards entrepreneurial projects. It also addressed the need to review university engineering curricula to include entrepreneurial skills and capabilities.

On the basis of archival documents, entered into scientific circulation, the author considers the local experience of organizational and management activities in relation to the farms of the North of Yakutia within a specially created agro-industrial complex (AIC). In the considered period of the AIC “Sever” ac-tivities, in 1989-1991, organizational processes of unbundling of state farms and the beginning of reorgani-zation of management were decisive. At the end of 1990s, for the first time, decisions on transition to market relations were officially declared by the AIC. At the same time, the real social and economic situation of farms had already begun to show the deterioration, incl. a decrease in the quantitative indicator — reduction in the number of farms in the studied areas. As it is in the documents, the state of home reindeer husbandry, the leading economic sector in the North, was of a particular concern.

Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disorder in which ageing, genetic, hormonal and mechanical factors are major contributors to its onset and progression. Objectives. To evaluate the genotypes frequencies of Matrilin-3 (MATN3, rs77245812) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10, rs1800872) genes polymorphism in OA patients combined with arterial hypertension (AH), abdominal obesity (AO) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Methods. The polymorphic variants of genes MATN3 (C908T) and IL-10 (C-592A) were analyzed by PCR in 74 OA patients with AO, AH, DM2 and 25 healthy individuals. Results. Distribution of MATN3 gene polymorphic variants in observed groups was as follows: CC-genotype – in 94.59% OA patients, and in 96.0% of control (p>0.05); CC-genotype – in 5.41% and 4% respectively. The C-allele prevails over T-allele by 94.95% (p0.05); CA-genotype – in 37.84% vs 32.0% (p>0.05) respectively; CC-genotype was found in 9.46% OA patients and none of control. C-allele of IL-10 gene dominated over the A-allele: among patients – 2.52 times (p

Time–kill assay was performed for 4-hydroxypanduratin A that was isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rizhome against four important foodborne pathogens, namely Bacillus cereus ATCC 21772, Bacillu subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 21100. The methods have been investigated in term of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and killing time curve using methods of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The results showed that 4-hydroxypanduratin A rapid acting in killing bacteria as follow: B. cereus : 1×MIC for 4 h, P. mirabilis: 4×MIC for 0.5 h, meanwhile B. subtilis and S. aureus were 1×MIC for 2 h. In conclusion, 4-hydroxypanduratin A showed strong antimicrobial activity against four important foodborne pathogens.

Archival documents and sociological field materials lead to some study results on the development of the traditional economy on the Arctic and North territories of Yakutia in the post-Soviet period — 1990s–2000s. The author considered the following issues: environmental and economic zoning, the historical discourse of the traditional economy in the context of agrarian policy in 1990s and some theoretical approaches to studying the phenomenon of the traditional way of life and the economy of the indigenous peoples of the North. In the first post-Soviet decade, we see a gradual decrease in the number of the northern livestock. The most vulnerable were the northwestern coastal areas with predominant reindeer herding. Sociological data on the second post-Soviet decade enabled us to identify three directions in the preliminary typology of the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of the North Yakutia.

An acetone extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes and the nhexane and chloroform fractions obtained from it were tested on eight pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the acetone extract and the nhexane fraction exhibited significant activities against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and weak activities against Shigella dysenteriae and Vibrio cholerae. They were inactive against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella thypi, while the chloroform fraction was devoid of activities. NMR analysis disclosed the presence of α-curcumene, xanthorrhizol and an unknown monoterpene in the nhexane fraction. In the chloroform fraction, curcumin was found to be the main compound, together with xanthorrhizol as a minor compound. These results suggest that the antibacterial potency of acetone extract of C. xanthorrhiza is contained in the n-hexane fraction, in which the active constituents are terpenoid compounds. This is the first report of the use of NMR analysis for compound identification contained in an extract or fractions of C. xanthorrhiza.

Abstract. We investigated the ability of autologous/allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from early passages, derived from bone marrow of patients with multiple sclerosis, to inhibit mitogen/myelin-induced proliferation of memory T cells. It was shown that MSC immunosuppressive potential of myelin-induced T-cell memory proliferation was significantly higher than an appropriate suppressive effect upon mitogenstimulated cells. These data provide an evidence for a possible pathogenetic role of MSCs in suppression of myelin-specific proliferation of effector lymphoid cells. Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells have been determined. It has been shown that both soluble factors and cell-mediated interactions may be involved in immunosuppressive activity of MSCs. Moreover, soluble mediators of MSC immunoregulatory properties, e.c., prostaglandin E2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, were not produced in constitutive manner, but they require a paracrine signal from T-lymphocytes. The data obtained may be used for development of an individual approach, in order to estimate immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and for further application of cell cultures in pathogenetic therapy of multiple sclerosis. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 2-3, pp 237-246)

A hybrid of eugenol and a chalcone has been synthesized in good yield via cross olefin metathesis. The title compound (3) was characterized by spectroscopic data including NMR, infrared, and ESI-MS.

Macaranga is a large genus in Euphorbiaceae, locally known as "Mahang-mahangan", and consisting about 300 species. Distribution of Macaranga is widespread from Africa and Madagascar in the west to the tropical regions of Asia including Indonesia. Based on previous research of the M. pruinosa, secondary metabolites that have been reported are flavonoid, and stilbenoid derivatives from Borneo. M. pruinosa that grow in South Sumatra produce poilanoat acid (diterpene). Therefore, this research is done to investigate phytochemical constituent of leaves of M. pruinosa from Bangka Belitung Islands. Isolation is done by maceration in acetone, separation and purification using vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography. Structure determination were elucidated by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, 2D NMR. Two compounds are identified as flavanon derivatives. They are nymphaeol B, and 6-farnesil-3',4',5,7-tetrahidroksiflavanon. These compounds are substituted with terphenyl group, known as geranyl (C10), and farnesyl (C15). Nymphaeol B (1) and compound of 6-farnesil-3', 4', 5,7-tetrahidroksiflavanon (2) have been found in other species of Macaranga. In conclusion, we here acquired two phenolic derivatives substituted by terphenyl groups from acetone extracts of leaves of M. pruinosa from Bangka Belitung. They are nymphaeol B, and 6-farnesil-3',4',5,7-tetrahidroksiflavanon. The result showed that M.pruinosa can produce different secondary metabolites depend on where they grow.

An anthraquinone derivative, 1-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)anthracene-9,10-dione (4), has been synthesized in two steps from benzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and prenylbromide.

Two stilbene derivatives namely lunularin and oxyresveratrol were isolated from Morus macroura Miq. (Moraceae), a rare spesies found in West Sumatera and endemic to Indonesia. The structure of all these compounds were elucidated based on physical and spectroscopic data. Keywords: Lunularin, Morus macroura Miq, oxyresveratrol.

The title compound, 3,5-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one (3), was prepared via reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1) and 4-piperidone (2) under microwave irradiation in the presence of 10% NaOH solution. The compound was fully characterized from its UV, IR, NMR and MS data.

A new isoprenylated dihydroflavonol derivative, macalowiinin (1), together with two known flavonoids 4'-O-methyl-8-isoprenylnaringenin (2) and 4'-O-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (3) (= acasetin), have been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Macaranga lowii. The structures of these compounds were determined based on UV, NMR, and mass spectral data, and optical rotation. Preliminary cytotoxic evaluation of compounds 1 "“ 3 against P-388 cells showed that compound 3 is the most active with IC50 was 58.7 mM.

Today there is a downward trend in the credibility of the humanities in university education including philosophy, it is evidenced by the reduction of popularity and the number of teaching hours. Nevertheless, according to students and professors, philosophy is an interesting and necessary discipline for specialists of various knowledge areas. The article is devoted to the study of the basic purpose and features of teaching philosophical disciplines at tertiary educational institutions. Training specialists in various fields in times of urgent need for total revision of the educational paradigm and principles of teaching not only in tertiary education but also throughout the entire system of Ukrainian education as a whole. In the course of the investigation, the methods of interdisciplinary approach, system analysis, social-cultural method, social-activity and concrete-historical approach have been applied. In the framework of the study conducted, the basic functions of philosophical disciplines have been identified that make them an integral part of the educational process at the tertiary educational institution, namely: a) philosophy as a system of world perception formation; b) philosophy as a methodology of scientific research; c) philosophy as the grounding of moral and ethical education; d) philosophy as the basis for critical thinking formation. In the course of investigation it was possible to identify some of the most important general formation principles of the required competences while studying philosophical disciplines, which are further necessary for the comprehensive learning of educational material at a sufficient level. Innovative principles and technologies of modern education help create the relevant matrix of pedagogical design, which makes it possible to better understand the processes and phenomena studied in different disciplines, to comprehend them, to conduct reflection. In the article it was possible to analyze the value of philosophical education for students of tertiary educational institutions of all training areas, to prove the need for such knowledge for the formation of professional, scientific, research, political and social competences of a future adult human, a responsible worker and a concerned citizen.

The purpose of the scientific article is aimed at studying the features of students' competence formation at tertiary educational institutions by practical training aids. To reveal the purpose of a scientific article, methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis have been used (to study the theoretical framework of students' competence formation at tertiary educational institutions by practical training aids) and methods of comparison, grouping and concretization (to analyze and assess the practical results of students' competence formation at tertiary educational institutions by practical training aids). The practical results of the study are presented through: the results of assessing students' knowledge of Mathematics, Reading and Science, according to the PISA program; dynamics and structure of the number of students enrolled in tertiary education; the proportion of undergraduate students in% of the population at the age of 20-24 years old. According to the results of the PISA program, developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), it has been found that Austria, Belgium and Germany have the highest average scores in Mathematics, Reading and Science, compared to the average scores in OECD countries. It has been established that in Ukraine the average students' score in Mathematics in 2018 is lower than the average score in OECD countries by 21 points, in Reading -- by 36 points, and in Science -- by 20 points. In the course of the study it has been established that currently educators use the following practical training aids for the formation of students' competence in the learning process, namely: introduction of a modular academic program in the educational process, providing the necessary level of theoretical basis, implementation of introductory, educational, training, undergraduate practices, work experience internship in the educational process of students' training, application of information, innovation and interactive technologies in the educational process, teaching and training of students in accordance with the requirements of the labor market and employers, ensuring cooperation between tertiary educational institutions in the framework of student exchange programs.

Interfacial intermolecular interactions between phosphorescent, square-planar, cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes may lead to the formation of bimolecular excited states that emit at lower energy than the isolated complexes in dilute solution. We study compounds in which two Pt(NCN)Cl units are appended onto a rigid xanthene scaffold to favour the intramolecular formation of such states and thus promote low-energy emission even at high dilution {where NCN represents a cyclometallated tridentate ligand based on 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)benzene}. Here, we show how the metathesis of the monodentate Cl− ligand to thiocyanate SCN− has a profound effect on the emissive properties of such compounds in solution and in polymer-doped and neat films. Intramolecular Pt⋯Pt interactions are promoted by the change to SCN− (as evident by a short Pt⋯Pt distance of 3.253(4) Å in the crystal, determined by X-ray diffraction). This increased propensity for the Pt(NCN) units to interact, induced by the thiocyanate, is also manifest in the emission spectra: the spectra show only the low-energy, excimer-like bands in solution, even at very low concentrations. That contrasts with the appearance of emission bands typical both of isolated Pt(NCN) units and of excimers for the chloro parent compound. Nevertheless, data at low temperature and in dilute polymer-doped films suggest that some degree of conformational change is still required to form the low-energy emitting states. Meanwhile, the change of the monodentate ligand from chloride to iodide suppresses the formation of the low-energy-emitting states and lowers the emission efficiency. Taken together, the results offer new insight into strategies for obtaining efficient NIR-emitting phosphors based on dinuclear PtII2 excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated how entrepreneurial skills influence the mindset of an entrepreneurial engineer. The total number of engineering graduates participating in this research was 65 students who graduated between 2016 and 2022. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial skills of engineering graduates ranged from average to good. The results also indicated that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the entrepreneurial skills of engineering graduates and their entrepreneurial mindset. This research concluded that it is essential for engineering students to acquire entrepreneurial skills that support their engineering major and lead them to think broadly about their future career opportunities. Hence, entrepreneurial skills enhance their competitiveness in innovative and emerging engineering disciplines. This research supports the integration of entrepreneurship skills with practical applications in all engineering curricula and courses in universities. This research contributes to the literature as it is one of the few studies that addressed expanding the entrepreneurial horizons of engineering graduates and directing them towards entrepreneurial projects. It also addressed the need to review university engineering curricula to include entrepreneurial skills and capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The present work describes the facile, fast and economic base‐catalyzed acylation of benzenediols with vinyl acetate. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of benzene‐1,4‐diol O,O′‐diacetate is also described. NaOH, KOH and K2CO3 were the bases used for the catalysis of the acylation of benzene‐1,x‐diols (x = 2, 3, 4) with vinyl acetate to obtain the corresponding O,O′‐diacetyl derivatives. RESULTS: The yields were quite good, up to 99% under solvent‐free conditions. This method represents an alternative 'green' process for the preparation of O‐acetyl derivatives of hydroxyaryls. The benzene‐1,4‐diol O,O′‐diacetate crystal structure was obtained and described using Hirshfeld surface analysis. A noticeable contribution of the C⋯H contacts is shown (16.7%), despite the insignificant area of the Hirshfeld surface occupied by the carbon atoms (9.4%). By using two‐dimensional fingerprint plots, it was proved that C⋯H contacts were due to the presence of π‐stacking. The O⋯H contacts (41.4%) were the most numerous ones, relating mainly to typical hydrogen bonds (de + di ≈ 2.6 Å). The high saturation of the C⋯H and O⋯H contacts (enrichment ratios (E) = 1.30 and 1.36, respectively), despite their smaller contribution to the overall surface as compared to the H⋯H contacts (E = 0.84), is shown. CONCLUSION: The novelty of this work is the development of a method based on an inexpensive, safe and easy‐to‐use catalyst (K2CO3). This method is fast with high yields. Besides, it may be used for acylation at an industrial scale. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of business entities and to develop practical recommendations based on the world experience of functioning in the context of transformation of interbudgetary and financial relations. To achieve this goal, the author sets the following tasks: to determine the peculiarities of business entities' activities at the present stage; to summarize the characteristics of business entities' development in the context of transformation of interbudgetary relations; to characterize financial and budgetary relations at the level of a specific business entity, taking into account budgeting as a system; to propose directions for modernization of financial and budgetary relations with a view to harmonizing the interests of business entities and adapting to the tools of program-targeted management. The priority and effective tools for the development of business entities under martial law are as follows: the introduction of a system of state support that allows to start and, in some cases, accelerate the restoration and modernization of the material base. The author proposes directions for improving the budgeting process on the example of a particular enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of engineering graduates and the entrepreneurial mindset of engineers. It also examined how entrepreneurial knowledge and skills affect the mindset of the entrepreneurial engineer. The study population consists of twenty-five Jordanian public and private universities that offer engineering programs. Based on the results of an overview of the engineering study plans of these universities, four universities were selected (The University of Jordan, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Al- Hussein Technical University, Al-Hussein Technical University, Al-Ahliyya Amman University). The total number of engineering graduates participating in this study and whose responses were valid for the analysis was 65 students who graduated between 2016 and 2022. The results of this study indicated that the average entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of engineering graduates ranged between average and good. The findings also indicated that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of engineering graduates and their entrepreneurial mindset. The study concluded that it is essential for undergraduate engineering students to acquire entrepreneurial knowledge and skills that support their engineering major, and lead them to think broadly about their future careers and opportunities. Thus, entrepreneurial knowledge and skills enhance their competitiveness in innovative and rapidly emerging engineering industries. The study recommended the inclusion of entrepreneurship knowledge and skills in all engineering curricula and courses in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arkhangelsk Seismic Network (ASN) of the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, founded in 2003, includes 10 permanent seismic stations located on the coasts of the White, Barents, and Kara Seas and on the Arctic archipelagos of Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, and Severnaya Zemlya. The network is registered with the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks and the International Seismological Center. We used not only ASN data to process earthquakes but also the waveforms of various international seismic stations. The 13,000 seismic events were registered using ASN data for 2012–2022, and for 5,500 of them, we determined the parameters of the earthquake epicenters from the European Arctic. The spatial distribution of epicenters shows that the ASN monitors not only the main seismically active zones but also weak seismicity on the shelf of the Barents and Kara Seas. The representative magnitude of ASN was ML, rep=3.5. The level of microseismic noise has seasonal variations that affect the registration capabilities of each station included in the ASN and the overall sensitivity of the network as a whole. In summer, the sensitivity of the ASN decreased owing to the increasing microseismic and ambient noises, whereas in winter, the sensitivity of the ASN increased significantly because of the decrease.