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A comparative analysis of 3 AI-based smartphone applications for self-service skin cancer risk assessment: ProRodinki, Skinive and Skin Vision. Analysis consists of description of applications and its ways of work, and results, such as sensitivity and specificity, done on the base of the practical experiment conducted with processing 516 images of the skin neoplasms and pathologies confirmed by histological research via each app. Every application is unique and differs from each other by its principles or work, algorithms, user experience and design, and of course AI model and the set of input data that is analyzed by neural networks. Current research and practical experiment were made with focus on images processing and the app risk assessment for each of the image, other details and mole prescription information were set neutral. This leads to a conclusion that there is a lack of methodology for testing and analysis of different AI-based applications and services. Having such methodology, the comparison analysis results can be more objective and transparent.

A series of 2,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines containing both aryl and thienyl substituents were synthesized by exploiting the 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of N(1)-ethyl-1,2,4-triazinium tetrafluoroborates with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds against influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) was studied in experiments on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture. Among the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine derivatives, compounds with low toxicity and high antiviral activity were identified. Dimethyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-p-tolylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-5,6-dicarboxylate was found to demonstrate the best antiviral activity (IC50 4 µg/mL and selectivity index 188). Based on the results of in vitro tests and molecular docking studies performed, a plausible mechanism of action for these compounds was suggested to involve inhibition of neuraminidase.

Most of the experimental investigations devoted to the study of the stress-strain state of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with carbon fiber-based polymer-composite materials have examined only unloaded beams or beams without preliminary cracks. However, reinforcement of real load-bearing structures is most often performed under load and taking into account previously occurring defects. At the same time, there are a limited number of systematic studies of the effect of preload on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with carbon fiber. This article presents a methodology for assessing the effect of the stress-strain state level of reinforcement on the bearing capacity and other parameters of the sections of bent reinforced concrete elements reinforced with carbon fiber, taking into account the physical nonlinearity of concrete and using real deformation diagrams, including reinforcement and reinforcement systems. On the basis of the developed method, numerical studies of the operation of reinforced concrete sections reinforced at various stages of SSS were performed. After analyzing the obtained data, we can conclude that the level of reinforcement load has a significant effect on the deformability, rigidity and strength of normal sections of reinforced concrete beams and the need to take this factor into account when calculating bending reinforced concrete elements. After analyzing the data obtained, we can conclude that the influence of the reinforcement load level on the deformability, rigidity and strength of normal sections of reinforced concrete beams and the need to take this factor into account when calculating bending reinforced concrete elements.

Abstract Fungal infections and toxicoses caused by insecticides may alter microbial communities and immune responses in the insect gut. We investigated the effects of Metarhizium robertsii fungus and avermectins on the midgut physiology of Colorado potato beetle larvae. We analyzed changes in the bacterial community, immunity- and stress-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and detoxification enzyme activity in response to topical infection with the M. robertsii fungus, oral administration of avermectins, and a combination of the two treatments. Avermectin treatment led to a reduction in microbiota diversity and an enhancement in the abundance of enterobacteria, and these changes were followed by the downregulation of Stat and Hsp90, upregulation of transcription factors for the Toll and IMD pathways and activation of detoxification enzymes. Fungal infection also led to a decrease in microbiota diversity, although the changes in community structure were not significant, except for the enhancement of Serratia. Fungal infection decreased the production of ROS but did not affect the gene expression of the immune pathways. In the combined treatment, fungal infection inhibited the activation of detoxification enzymes and prevented the downregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway caused by avermectins. The results of this study suggest that fungal infection modulates physiological responses to avermectins and that fungal infection may increase avermectin toxicosis by blocking detoxification enzymes in the gut.

A study was made on the effect of Ca, Sr, and Ba chloride complexes with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether as catalysts on the process criteria of the efficiency of industrial cumene oxidation using kinetic modeling. It is the first stage in the process chain of polymer composite production. The kinetic scheme of the process is made of classical reactions of the radical chain mechanism (reactions of initiation, chain propagation, and chain termination), molecular reactions, reactions of formation of intermediate adducts “component of the reaction mixture—catalyst” and their decomposition, as well as reactions that take into account the specifics of the catalyst used: (1) formation of planar catalyst complexes with various substances; (2) formation of acetophenone along the catalytic path; (3) hydration of the intermediate adduct “α-methylstyrene—catalyst” to the required alcohol. It is shown that the kinetic model fully reproduces the experimental time dependencies of the cumene hydroperoxide concentration in the cumene oxidation and cumene hydroperoxide decomposition. Using the kinetic model, computational experiments were carried out, as a result of which the following conclusions were made: (1) among the considered catalysts, the complex of Sr chloride with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether should be recognized as the best, provided that it is used at temperatures of 393–413 K and an initial concentration < 2 mmol/L; (2) to ensure selectivity comparable to the selectivity of a non-catalytic process, it is necessary to conduct the catalytic process at a lowest possible initial concentration of any of the considered catalysts.

The effect of the process temperature and the initial concentration of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, and Hg 2-ethylhexanoates as catalysts on the productivity and selectivity of the oxidation stage of cumene is studied in the technological chain for the production of polymer composites from cumene; “production of phenol by cumene method (stage 1 is cumene oxidation to cumene hydroperoxide, stage 2 is decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone) → production of precursors from phenol → production of polymers from precursors → production of composites from polymers”. A criterion has been introduced that reflects the productivity of cumene oxidation at the moment of reaching the maximum concentration of cumene hydroperoxide, which takes into account the cumene conversion and selectivity achieved in this case in the shortest possible time using the selectivity comparable with the selectivity of a non-catalytic process. It has been shown that the achievement of the maximum value of this criterion, among all the considered catalysts, is ensured by Mg 2-ethylhexanoate at its relatively low initial concentration (1 mmol/L) under conditions of moderately-high process temperatures (393–413 K).

Herein described the synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a novel series of morpholine and thio‐morpholine coupled imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles. The three‐step reaction sequence involving the condensation of 1,3‐dichloroacetone with thiourea followed by coupling with morpholine and thiomorpholine and finally cyclization with substituted α‐bromoacetophenones yielded the desired imidazothiazoles 7(a–l). Screening of all the new compounds for their in vitro antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) in MDCK cells, resulted in two potent analogs, 7d (IC50: 1.1 μM, C50: >300 μM, SI = 273) and 7e (IC50: 2.0 μM, C50: >300 μM, SI = 150), with a favorable toxicity profile and are the best anti‐influenza hit analogs for further structural optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 2,4-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines containing both aryl and thienyl substituents were synthesized by exploiting the 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of N(1)-ethyl-1,2,4-triazinium tetrafluoroborates with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds against influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) was studied in experiments on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture. Among the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine derivatives, compounds with low toxicity and high antiviral activity were identified. Dimethyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-2-p-tolylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-5,6-dicarboxylate was found to demonstrate the best antiviral activity (IC50 4 µg/mL and selectivity index 188). Based on the results of in vitro tests and molecular docking studies performed, a plausible mechanism of action for these compounds was suggested to involve inhibition of neuraminidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]