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Agrotis ipsilon and A. segetum are major migratory pests of many crops in China, and frequent regional outbreaks cause severe yield losses. Use of food attractants is one of the most promising control methods against adult lepidoptera, notably through the attract-and-kill strategy. Chlorantraniliprole's acute toxicity and sublethal effects on both moths were evaluated.Chlorantraniliprole showed high activity against both adults of both species, with LCLow lethal concentration exposures to chlorantraniliprole can drastically reduce the reproduction and flight performance of A. ipsilon and A. segetum, while inhibiting the production of offspring, suggesting chlorantraniliprole would be an excellent compound for use in combination with food attractants. Chlorantraniliprole has good potential for management of the two long-range migratory pests tested using an attract-and-kill strategy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Trichogramma wasps are commonly used as biocontrol agents to manage lepidopteran rice pests in rice fields. However, lepidopteran pests synergistically occur with rice planthoppers which are not targeted by Trichogramma. The use of Trichogramma parasitoids in field-based pest control efforts is greatly affected by the application of insecticides targeting planthoppers. As such, insecticide-resistant strains of Trichogramma are urgently needed for the incorporation of these beneficial natural enemies into integrated pest management programs in rice agroecosystems. In the present study, Trichogramma japonicum Ahmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae) and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammitidae) were treated with sublethal doses of four insecticides which target rice planthoppers, to generate tolerant strains in the laboratory. The resistance rate of T. japonicum to imidacloprid was the highest (17.8-folds) after 10 successive treatments and experienced 2.5, 4.72, and 7.41-fold increases in tolerance to thiamethoxam, buprofezin, and nitenpyram, respectively. Tolerance of T. chilonis to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, buprofezin, and nitenpyram were 8.8, 6.9, 4.43, and 5.67-fold greater, respectively. The emergence and deformity (without spreading wings or short wings) rates of T. japonicum and T. chilonis gradually recovered with an increased exposure time of treatments. The fecundity of T. japonicum treated with thiamethoxam was significantly higher than that of the control and T. chilonis treated with thiamethoxam and nitenpyra. Our results demonstrate that screening for insecticide-tolerant/resistant Trichogramma strains was feasible, especially in the pairing of T. japonicum and imidacloprid, which could provide a valuable biological control tool that can be combined with traditional chemical control strategies for use in IPM of rice agroecosystems.

Objective To investigate the influence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the risk of non-fatal stroke in elderly male persons. Methods The elderly male persons with IGT and normal glucose tolerance (NGT), undergoing oral glucose tolerance test in our hospital from May 2005 to May 2007, were recruited and then followed up to March 2017 at least once a year to observe the incidence of non-fatal stroke, and then the risk of non-fatal stroke was compared between the two groups. Results A total of 201 IGT and 259 NGT subjects were enrolled in present study. The average period of follow-up was 11.2 years. Univariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis indicated that the risk of type 2 diabetes and non-fatal stroke was higher in IGT group [(HR=2.18, 95%CI 1.54-3.08, P

Rice is an important staple food in China and it is at risk of attack by rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, which occurs in most rice growing areas. In recent years, severe C. suppressalis outbreaks have been observed in China mainly due to changes in the rice cultivation systems, wide adoption of hybrid varieties and resistance to the dominant insecticides. Management relies primarily on chemical insecticides and resistance is an important contributing factor in these outbreaks. As a result, food safety of agricultural produce is reduced and the ecological and environmental integrities are threatened as well. Recently, environmentally friendly pest management measures, such as trap plants have been introduced for C. suppressalis management and this method can greatly reduce insecticide use. Our previous results indicated that the vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) is a dead-end trap plant that can effectively attract the adult females of C. suppressalis to lay eggs on it but where larvae are unable to complete their life cycle. This paper further explored the application of vetiver grass as a trap plant to manage C. suppressalis in the paddy fields. This environment-friendly tool can not only reduce C. suppressalis populations, it can also increase the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that can provide better environmental conditions for rice production.

The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a common generalist predator in China and is occasionally found gathering on the Chinese pagoda tree, Sophora japonica, in summer. In a field investigation, we found that H. axyridis adults preferred S. japonica during its flowering period even though their optimal prey (aphid) is absent at this time. In addition, male and female adults were attracted to S. japonica flowers to a similar extent in a Y-tube olfactometer assay. Using coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD), we identified a flower odor component (nonanal) that elicited a significant electrophysiological response in H. axyridis. Electroantennogram (EAG) dose-dependent responses revealed that the amplitude of the adult beetle's EAG response increased with increasing concentration of nonanal, peaking at 10 mg mL−1. In Y-tube olfactometer behavioral tests, H. axyridis adults preferred a 10 mg mL−1 nonanal source over a 100 mg mL−1 diluent. Under field conditions, the adults were significantly attracted to both concentrations (10 and 100 mg mL−1), and high concentrations generally had greater attraction. All these results suggest that nonanal, a volatile compound of S. japonica flowers, greatly attracts H. axyridis adults. This study provides a basis for the development of synthetic attractants of H. axyridis, with the potential to promote biocontrol services of this generalist predator in the native area (e.g., China) and to suppress its population by mass trapping in its invasive areas.

Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) was previously found to effectively attract female adults of Chilo suppressalis (Walker), an important pest of rice. To determine the volatile compounds involved in this attraction, electroantennography (EAG) responses to seven synthetic volatiles released from vetiver plants were examined. Our results indicated that the responses of C. suppressalis adult antennae to the different compounds varied widely. The compounds elicited strong EAG responses in female antennae were subsequently selected for further EAG response tests, namely, caryophyllene, β-ocimene, linalool and α-pinene. EAG responses to a combination of these four compounds did not differ significantly from the individual compounds. However, pair combination tests indicated that 0.01 μg μL−1 linalool and 50 μg μL−1 α-pinene, 50 μg μL−1 caryophyllene and 0.01 μg μL−1 linalool, 0.01 μg μL−1 β-ocimene and 0.01 μg μL−1 linalool, and 0.01 μg μL−1 β-ocimene and 50 μg μL−1 caryophyllene elicited significantly greater EAG responses in 3-day female moths compared to the 1-day female. These compound combinations and the corresponding ratios are probably playing an important role in attracting female adults of C. suppressalis to the vetiver grass.

Ecological engineering involves the use of plants to promote establishment, survival and efficiency of natural enemies in agricultural systems. Some plant species may be hosts or provide resources to some pest species. We assessed the risks and benefits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), as a nectar source for seven economically important Lepidopteran pest and four parasitoid species in a range of vegetable crop systems. Our results showed that the mean longevities of arthropod parasitoids Pteromalus puparum (L.), Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) and male Microplitis tuberculifer (Wesmael) were significantly extended when fed on sesame flowers compared to the water control. Sesame flowers had no effect on adult longevities and fecundities of six out of the seven Lepidoptera pest species tested except Plutella xyllostella (L.) females laid more eggs when fed on sesame flowers. It is likely that the increased fecundity is due to accessibility to nectar at the bottom of corolla because of their smaller body sizes. Our findings provide a first step towards better understanding of the risks and benefits of using sesame to implement ecological engineering for the management of vegetable pests.

The predatory mite, Neoseiulus bicaudus (Wainstein), is a potential biological control agent against spider mites and thrips. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of three diets on the life table of N. bicaudus. The three diets were 1) Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov & Nikolskii) (Acari: Tetranychidae), the natural prey of N. bicaudus; 2) Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae), an alternative prey; and 3) artificial diet primarily consisting of decapsulated shrimp cysts, egg yolk, and honey. The computer simulation was used to project the population growth of N. bicaudus fed on different diets. The preadult developmental time (3.83 d) of N. bicaudus was shortest, and the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.2782 d−1) and the net reproductive rate (R0 = 18.98 offspring) were highest when reared on the alternative prey Ty. putrescentiae. The total development time (7.37 d) was longest, and the population parameters were the lowest (r = −0.0081 d−1, R0 = 0.85 offspring) when N. bicaudus was reared on artificial diet. The population projection showed that the population of N. bicaudus reared on Ty. putrescentiae could increase fast. Our results showed that the Ty. putrescentiae was the most suitable prey for mass rearing of N. bicaudus. The artificial diet could not support the N. bicaudus population and needs to be improved.

The vehicle drive axle is one of the main sources of power loss in drivetrain system, and its improvements can have a significant impact on vehicle fuel economy. Gears churning loss, bearing friction loss and engaging friction loss all make a great contribution to the heat generation. The temperatures of lubricants, the gear tooth contacting surfaces, and the bearing surfaces are critical to the overall axle performance in terms of power losses, fatigue life, and wear. So it is important to understand the heat generation and dissipation in automotive drive axle. However, the quantities of understandings of drive axle temperature is limited and published information is deficient.In this paper, we establish the mathematical model of heat generation and dissipation to investigate the connection between thermal behavior and power loss. Power loss is consist of churning loss, bearing friction loss and engaging friction loss. And also we simulate the model to get the conclusion and then conduct the experiments to verify the correctness of the theories and models.

Under solvothermal conditions a new coordination polymer, [Ag(L)0.5]n (1) (H2L = azobenzene-4,4′-dicarboxylate), has been obtained successfully. Complex 1 has a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure with (3,6)-connected {4.62}2{42.610.83} topology. The co-sensitization of complex 1 and Ru-bipyridine dye (N719) increases the absorption of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the ultraviolet region. When the illumination intensity is 100 mW cm−2, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC (complex 1/N719/TiO2) can reach to 3.14%. The result shows that the DSSC (complex 1/N719/TiO2) possessed excellent photovoltaic performance. Moreover, fluorescent property was also investigated.

International audience; Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a key pest in cotton crops, notably owing to its increasing resistance to commonly used pesticides. Such resistance prompts for the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs that include novel pesticides being effective against the aphid. In the present study, we assessed lethal and sublethal effects of cycloxaprid, a novel chiral neonicotinoid pesticide developed in China, on A. gossypii. The lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) value of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii was estimated, using the dipping method, at 7.73 mg/L. The impact of a sublethal concentration (LC10) and a lethal concentration (LC40) of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii population growth and feeding behavior (using electrical penetration graph technique [EPG]), and its transgenerational effect were further assessed. Adult longevity and fecundity significantly decreased after exposure to LC40 or LC10 of cycloxaprid. Cycloxaprid with sublethal concentrations (especially LC40) had negative effects on phloem ingestion by A. gossypii. Additionally, the offspring of the adults exposed to LC40 of cycloxaprid had shorter nymphal development duration and adult longevity than the control, and those from LC10 and LC40 treatments had lower adult fecundity and net productive rate. We demonstrated that cycloxaprid is a pesticide showing both lethal and sublethal activities, and transgenerational effects on A. gossypii; it may be useful for implementation in IPM programs against this aphid pest.

Driveline gearbox includes transmission gearbox and rear axle,automotive gear oil used to lubricate gear.Take rear axle for example,through catia ,we can build three-dimensional models,and use ansa to mesh axle , then import it to fluid software fluent to analyze temperature,and obtain oil temperature curve under certain load over time;it can predict transmission efficiency and equilibrium temperature under a certain load ,and reduce gear wear and improve the operational reliability of the car.

The genus Adelphocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a group of key insect pests in cotton fields in China that includes three dominant species: A. suturalis (Jakovlev), A. lineolatus (Goeze) and A. fasciaticollis (Reuter). Previous field surveys have found that adults of these Adelphocoris species usually move onto specific host plants when the plants enter the flowering stage. To determine the potential trade-offs for this host-plant preference behavior, the performance of these three Adelphocoris spp. on flowering and non-flowering cotton and alfalfa were compared in the laboratory. The results showed that Adelphocoris spp. had significantly higher nymphal developmental and survival rates, along with increased adult longevity and fecundity on flowering cotton and alfalfa than on non-flowering plants of either species. In addition, compared with cotton plants, alfalfa generally promoted better performance of these three Adelphocoris species, especially for A. lineolatus. Simple correlation analysis indicated that female adult longevity was positively correlated to male adult longevity and female fecundity, and female fecundity was positively correlated to nymphal development and survival rates. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between adult preference and offspring/adult performance for all three Adelphocoris species, with no evidence of any trade-offs for this preference for flowering host plants. These findings support the hypothesis that hemimetabolous insects such as mirid bugs have positive adult preference-adult/nymphal performance relationships, which is likely due to the similar feeding habits and nutritional requirements of adults and nymphs.

This paper proposes a joint linear precoding and power allocation design scheme for multiuser multiple-input multiple-out (MU-MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) systems, where secondary users share the same spectrum with one primary user. The interference power constraint required by the primary user and the multiuser interference generated by secondary users impose negative influence on each secondary user. As a result, it is difficult for secondary users to achieve the ideal information rate. In order to solve the above problem, we respectively adopt Channel Inversion (CI) and Block Diagonalization (BD) for precoding matrices which are set at the transmitter of each secondary user, and then make the system reach a steady state by power allocation. In fact, perfect CSI cannot exist in wireless systems. Therefore, it’s necessary to consider imperfect CSI. Simulation results show BD gains a higher rate for secondary users, but imperfect CSI causes less loss to CI.

Objective: This study aimed to explore clinical and virological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with hepatic steatosis in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hepatic steatosis. Methods: A total of 360 CHB inpatients were recruited from Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University and divided into hepatic steatosis group and non- hepatic steatosis group. The body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) and hepatic histological changes were detected and compared between the two groups. The association of these factors with hepatic steatosis was evaluated in CHB patients. Results: BMI, FPG, TG, TC, GGT, AST and HBV DNA showed statistically significant differences between two groups (P0.05). In male patients, there was marked difference in the WHR between two groups (P < 0.01), which was not found in female patients (P > 0.05). The severity of hepatic steatosis increased in patients with hepatic steatosis, compared to those without steatosis (P < 0. 01), but the severities of inflammation and fibrosis in the non-hepatic steatosis group were dramatically higher than those in the hepatic steatosis group (P < 0. 01). Conclusions: BMI, WHR, FBG, TG and TC appeared to be influencing factors of CHB combined with hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis in CHB patients was closely related to changes in anthropometric indices and metabolic factors but not HBV. It is necessary to improve these factors to effectively prevent hepatic steatosis in CHB patients.

The receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the best Blumensaat angle for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury, so as to objectively evaluate the diagnostic value of Blumensaat angle for anterior cruciate ligament injury.Total 167 patients who had knee arthroscopic treatment in a hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were retrospectively studied, and the patients' age, gender, left and right limb condition were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to Blumensaat angle measured on the MRI: group A(Blumensaat angle=0°), and group B(Blumensaat angle0°). The ROC curve was drawn from the statistical data of the group B to get the best critical value of the anterior cruciate ligament injury when the Blumensaat angle was more than 0°. According to the best critical value obtained by ROC curve, the coincidence rate of the total sample was obtained.There were no significant differences in patients' age, gender, and affected limbs. There were 51 patients in group A, in which 49 patients were diagnosed as anterior cruciate injury under arthroscopy(gold standard for diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury), and 2 patients were diagnosed as no anterior cruciate injury under arthroscopy. When the Blumensaat angle was0°, the coincidence rate was 96.07%. In group B(116 cases), the area under the ROC curve was 0.910, the best cutoff corresponds to 15°; the sensitivity was 70.0%, and the specificity was 95.8%. When the Blumensaat angle was=15°, the probability of anterior cruciate ligament injury was greater. When the Blumensaat angle was 0° to 15°, the anterior cruciate ligament was more likely to be not injured. The Blumensaat angle=0°or=15° were used to diagnose the injury of anterior cruciate ligament. Compared with the results of arthroscopy, the coincidence rate of the total sample was 92.8%.Blumensaat angle is helpful to diagnose the ACL injuries. When the Blumensaat angle was=0° or=15°, the probability of ACL injury is greater.

Apolygus lucorum (Heteroptera: Miridae), a polyphagous mirid bug, often shows a strong preference for flowering host plants. It is hypothesized that host plant selection by phytophagous insects results in a variety of behavioral trade-offs. In this study, the relationship between adult preference and nymphal performance was examined on host plants with their flowers left intact and with flowers removed to investigate potential trade-offs in A. lucorum’s preference for flowering plants. Field trials in 2010 and 2011 showed that adults and nymphs were significantly more abundant on plants with flowers left intact than on those with flowers removed, while oviposition choice trials in field cages revealed that female adults preferred to lay eggs on plants with flowers. Laboratory performance trials demonstrated that adult lifespan and fecundity and nymphal development rate and survival were all significantly higher on plants with flowers compared with plants without flowers. In contrast, sex ratio was not significantly different. Simple linear regression analysis showed positive correlations between (1) adult and nymphal abundances in the field, (2) nymphal development rates and survival with adult fecundity in the laboratory, and (3) adult lifespan with fecundity in the laboratory. Since a positive preference–performance correlation was found for A. lucorum, we conclude that there are no evident behavioral trade-offs for host plant selection by this polyphagous mirid bug.

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective biological insecticides against certain insect species. In this study, bioassay results indicated that Cry1B and Cry1C were toxic to Spodoptera exigua . We also identified a cadherin-like gene in S. exigua that could enhance the toxicity of Cry1B and Cry1C. The cadherin-like gene identified from the larvae midgut tissue was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of the gene consisted of 5 220 bp encoding 1 740 amino acid with a predicted molecular mass of 196 kD. BLAST search analysis showed that the predicted amino acid sequence had a high sequence identity to the published sequences of cadherin-like proteins from other Lepidoptera insects. Spatial expression of the cadherin-like gene detected by qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the cadherin-like gene was mainly present in the gut of 4th instar larvae and during different life stages. The results suggested that the commercial development of this synergist has the potential to enhance Cry1B and Cry1C toxicity against Lepidoptera insects.

The flight activity of Spodoptera litura in tethered conditions is evaluated using a computer-mediated flight-mill in the laboratory. The 3–4-day-old moths fly longer and farther than those of other ages. Male and female moths exhibit similar flight activity. Mating status does not influence the flight duration and distance of 2-day-old females. However, these two flight parameters with a 6-day-old mated female is significantly lower than that of unmated ones. The optimum temperature for flight ranged from 16–24°C, whereas the optimum RH ranged from 60%–100%. During 72-h period, the total flight duration and distance of 1-day-old male and female moths were 19.6 h (± 5.8) and 83.3 km (± 28.4), and 24.0 h (± 7.0) and 105.4 km (± 37.4), respectively. These results indicate that S. litura has a great potential to undertake long-distance migratory flights.

To investigate the correlation of serum calcium levels and the risks of diabetes mellitus (DM) in middle-aged elderly men.A total of 3386 male subjects aged 40-79 years were selected from two local communities of Beijing using stratified random sampling for this cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted using questionnaires, and all the subjects underwent physical examination and blood tests of serum calcium, vitamin D and other biochemical parameters. The subjects were divided into normal glucose group, prediabetic group and diabetic group to compare their blood biochemical parameters and analyze the risk factors of diabetes.The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was 32.31% in the 3386 subjects surveyed. Serum calcium, vitamin D and Creatinine (Cr) levels were significantly higher in pre-diabetic and diabetic groups than in the non-diabetic group (P/0.05), and age, body mass index, serum calcium, vitamin D, and Cr levels differed significantly between the former two groups (P/0.05). The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly with serum calcium level (P/0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, serum calcium, and serum vitamin D levels were independent risk factors for diabetes (P/0.05).Male diabetic patients have abnormal serum calcium levels. An increased age and increased serum calcium levels are associated with higher risks of diabetes, and age, serum calcium, serum vitamin D, Cr, and body mass index are all risk factors of diabetes in men.

In this article, an adaptive radio resource allocation algorithm applied to multiple traffic orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system is proposed, which distributes subcarriers and bits among users according to their different quality of service requirements and traffic type. By classifying and prioritizing the users based on their traffic characteristic and ensuring resource for higher priority users, the new scheme decreases tremendously the outage probability of the users requiring a real-time transmission without impact on the spectrum efficiency of system, as well as the outage probability of data users is not increased compared with the radio resource allocation methods published.

This paper proposes and analyzes a downlink multi-carrier proportional fair scheduler and an adaptive radio resource allocation algorithm combining the scheduler. This scheduler and algorithm are suitable for orthogonal frequency division multiple access wireless communication systems supporting multiple quality of service classes. Our results demonstrate that the scheduler and algorithm provide user-explicit fairness with user-individual quality of service guarantees. but the joint scheme achieves a higher sum-rate capacity with flexible parameter settings compared with the multi-carrier proportional fair scheduler.

Essential oils from the fruit of two species of Evodia rutaecarpa from China (Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to discern the differences and similarities between the volatile chemical compositions of these species. More than 21 components were identified in essential oils of the studied plants. In the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, the main essential oil ingredients were β-myrcene (44.43%) and β-pinene (39.88%). β-pinene (72.82%), 1R-α-pinene (8.90%) and β-myrcene (1.99%) were the major compounds in the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The chemical compounds of the essential oils showed that there are only six common compounds between the two species.

To investigate the correlation of serum sex hormones and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the biochemical markers of bone turnover in aged men.We collected the laboratory data of 465 men aged 60- 93 (73. 1 +/- 8. 3) years old, who came for routine physical examinations in our hospital. We obtained the levels of serum follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), PTH, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH) D3), and bone turnover markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OC) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP). We also determined free testosterone (FT) , bioactive testosterone (BT) , testosterone secretion index (TSI) and FT index (FTI), and analyzed the correlation of each index with the biochemical markers of bone turnover.The concentrations of serum FSH, LH, and SHBG increased, while the levels of FT, BT, TSI, FTI, PTH, CTX, OC and PINP decreased with age, especially in those over 80 years old (P0.05). PTH was positively correlated with CTX, OC and PINP (r =0. 227, 0. 269 and 0. 162, P0. 01), even after the adjustment for age, while SHBG negatively correlated with OC (r = -0. 100, P0.05). The bone turnover markers increased with the elevation of the PTH quartiles, with significant differences between the first and the fourth quartile (P0. 01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age was correlated inversely with CTX, OC and PINP ( beta = -0. 126, -0. 141 and -0. 122, P0.05) , PTH positively with the three markers (beta = 0. 196, 0.279 and 0.189; P0. 001), and SHBG negatively with OC ( beta = -0. 100, P0.05) .Aging is the fundamental cause of reduced bone turnover in aged men. The levels serum PTH and SHBG are significantly associated with the biochemical markers of bone turnover.

To explore risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in men in order to provide a theoretical basis for developing more effective NAFLD prevention and control strategies.One-hundred-and-two male patients (37.3+/-11.4 years old) hospitalized with NAFLD at the Dongnan Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between January 2009 and December 2010 were enrolled in the study, along with 23 age-matched healthy men (34.4+/-16.7 years old) to serve as the control group. The correlation(s) of body mass index (BMI; overweight defined as more than or equal to 22.717 kg/m2), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; central obesity defined as more than or equal to 0.866), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) with NAFLD was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to select proper thresholds for classification.BMI, WC, WHR, FPG, TG, and TC were significantly different between the cases and controls (P less than 0.01). BMI, WC, WHR, TG and TC were identified as risk factors of NAFLD in these male cases (P less than 0.01). Relative to WC, TG and TC, both BMI and WHR had significant predictive value for NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) = 10.819 and 10.588, respectively). In addition, BMI had the highest diagnostic value for the prediction of NAFLD (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.931) followed by WHR (AUC = 0.879).BMI, WC, WHR, TG, and TC are risk factors of NAFLD in Chinese men. BMI and WHR are effective anthroposomatology indices of NAFLD and may be useful factors on which to base future prevention and early diagnosis strategies for NAFLD in males.

To explore the characteristics of body composition among male and female adults with different body weights.A total of 61 379 healthy adults (39 855 males and 21 527 females) were referred to our health examination center between May 2005 and February 2011. Body mass index (BMI) and body composition contents of fat, water, muscle, protein and mineral salt were measured by anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The data were analyzed among groups divided by gender, age and BMI.(1) The prevalence of overweight and obesity defined by BMI was significantly higher in the male group than the female of the same age group under 70 years old (all P0.01). (2) Within a certain age range (60 in males,70 in females), the prevalence of both overweight and obesity defined by BMI increased with age (all P0.01). (3) The fat mass percentage was significantly higher in females than in males of the same age group. The difference became more and more significant with advancing age. And the most significant difference was found in the upper 70 years old group (fat mass rate of males vs females, 24% ± 7% vs 36% ± 6%, P0.01). (4) Body fat mass percentage progressively elevated with increases of BMI while there was a decreasing trend of other body composition contents. The total male subjects had higher percentage of muscle, water and mineral salt than females (percentage of muscle, water and mineral salt of males vs females, 0.708 ± 0.066 vs 0.664 ± 0.063, 0.520 ± 0.044 vs 0.474 ± 0.042, 0.040 ± 0.004 vs 0.036 ± 0.004, all P0.01) while the percentage of protein was higher in the total female group (P0.01).Females has more fat mass than males under the same BMI. So it is more reasonable to introduce adiposity for the evaluation of obesity, especially in females.

To determine the influences of Mannose binding protein (MBP) gene polymorphisms on HBV DNA loads and on the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic HBV infection.The Codons on 54 MBP gene polymorphisms and HBV DNA loads in a cohort of 395 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 244 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 151 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 88 normal controls were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC in CHB group showed no significant differences comparing to the normal control group (P0.05). The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC on CHB group (severe), compensation phase of LC group and decompensation phase of LC group were higher than those in the normal control group (P0.05), the genetic polymorphism of decompensation of LC was 36.5%, highest of all. The MBP genotype frequencies of GGC/GAC and alleles genetic frequencies of GAC of patients with chronic HBV infection were not changed with the differences of HBV-DNA loads.The codes on 54 MBP gene polymorphisms is not closely related to HBV DNA loads, but was associated with the progression of hepatitis B infection.

The purpose of the present study mainly aimed to evaluate whether thrombolysis and heparin anticoagulation for acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) could improve the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling induced by acute PTE.A total of 71 acute PTE patients (36 males and 35 females; age 64 ± 13 years, range 24 - 87 years) admitted to the emergency intensive care unit of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were consecutively recruited from January of 2006 to June of 2011. Fifty-one age-and gender-matched healthy controls (29 males and 22 females, age 61 ± 9 years, range 31 - 79 years) were also recruited from Health Center during the same period of time. PTE patients were classified into 2 treatment subgroups according to initial therapy, thrombolysis subgroup (n = 37) and direct anticoagulation subgroup with heparin (n = 34). Pre- and post-treatment, trans-thoracic Doppler echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular diameters and diastolic filling patterns. Trans-mitral flow velocities including early (E) and late atrial (A) filling velocities were measured, and E/A ratio was calculated reflecting the relative contribution of early and atrial filling.Compared with healthy controls, patients with acute PTE had significantly smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (t = 3.629, P0.001), lower mitral E velocity and E/A ratio (t = 5.296, 6.510, both P0.001), and higher A velocity (t = 3.065, P0.01). After initial treatment including thrombolysis and direct anticoagulation with heparin for all patients with acute PTE, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter were enlarged significantly (t = 5.284, 3.983, both P0.001), and mitral E velocity and E/A ratio were increased significantly (t = 3.452, 2.604, P0.05, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that, both thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation with heparin could significantly enlarge left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (t = 4.145, 3.269, respectively) and end-systolic diameter (t = 4.145, 3.269, respectively, all P0.050), and increase mitral E velocity (t = 2.505, 2.492, P0.05, respectively). Compared with healthy controls, even after initial treatment with thrombolysis or heparin anticoagulation, PTE patients still showed lower mitral E velocity and E/A ratio (t = 2.615, 3.837, P0.05, respectively), and higher A velocity (t = 3.290, P0.01).The results strongly suggest that initial treatment for acute PTE with thrombolysis and heparin anticoagulation could improve the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling induced by acute PTE.

To investigate the expression of RUNX3 mRNA and protein in hepatic cell carcinoma (HCC) and surrounding normal tissue, to analyze the relationship between RUNX3 expression and clinical pathological parameters.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to detect the expression of RUNX3 mRNA and protein in HCC and surrounding normal tissue respectively, and their relationship with clinical pathological parameters were analyzed.The relative expression value of RUNX3 mRNA found in 51 cases HCC was 0.4509 +/- 0.0963, and that did in 51 cases surrounding normal tissue was 0.9147 +/- 0.0222. The difference of RUNX3 mRNA expression between two kinds of samples was statistically significant (t = 33.6087, P0.001). The positives rate of RUNX3 protein expression found in 51 cases HCC tissue was 49.02% (25/51) and that did in 51 cases surrounding normal tissue was 82.35% (42/51). The difference of RUNX3 protein expression between two kinds of samples was statistically significant (chi2 = 12.5706, P0.005). The difference of RUNX3 mRNA and protein expression in some clinical pathological parameters involving differentiation degree, invasion, cancer thrombus and diversion in liver were statistically significant (P0.05). However that were not in another clinical pathological parameters involving gender, cancer diameter, cancer location as well as hemorrhage and necrosis of cancer, histotype (P0.05).The expression of RUNX3 mRNA and protein in HCC were significantly lower than that in surrounding normal tissue. The lower expression of runx3 protein in the HCC probably plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC. The RUNX3 gene may be an anti-oncogene of HCC.

Objective.To investigate the anthropometric indicators that can effectively predict the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods.The height, body weight, waist and hip circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. M-H chi square test, logistic regression analysis, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed for the analysis of risk factors.Patients or Materials.490 patients were recruited, of whom 250 were diagnosed as NAFLD and 240 as non-NAFLD (control group).Results.Compared with the control group, the BMI, WHR, and WHtR were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and WHR were effective prognostic factors of NAFLD. In addition, WHR plays a more important role in prediction of NAFLD by the area under curve.Conclusion.WHR is closely related to the occurrence of NAFLD. We assume that WHR is beneficial for the diagnosis NAFLD.

The purpose of the present study aimed to evaluate the left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling characteristics in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).A total of 102 patients with PTE, including acute or acute on chronic PTE, were consecutively recruited from January of 2006 to December of 2010. The patients [53 males and 49 females; age (64 ± 14) years, range 23 - 85 years] all underwent Doppler echocardiographic assessment before thrombolytic therapy or within 24 h of hospital admission to the emergency intensive care unit of Beijing Anzhen hospital. Fifty-one age- and gender-matched healthy controls [29 males and 22 females; age (61 ± 9) years, range 31-79 years] were recruited from the Health Center. One hundred and sixty age- and gender-matched coronary artery disease (CAD) patients [90 males and 70 females, age (61 ± 11) years, range 29 - 81 years] with positive coronary artery angiography were also included as controls during the period of January of 2009 through December of 2010. Trans-thoracic Doppler echocardiography was used to assess the trans-mitral filling pattern and left ventricular systolic function in all the subjects. The trans-mitral blood flow peak of early (E) wave less than that of the auricular (A) wave, or the ratio of E/A greater than 2, were defined as abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than 50% was defined as preserved systolic function. The prevalence of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and systolic dysfunction were compared with Chi-square test between the PTE patients and the 2 control groups.Tricuspid regurgitation was identified in 72.5% (74/102) of the 102 PTE patients, abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was detected in 77.5% (79/102) of the PTE patients, and 95.1% (97/102) of the PTE patients had preserved left ventricular systolic function with LVEF of50%. Further analysis revealed that the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was more frequent in PTE patients with CAD and/or hypertension than in other PTE patients (χ(2) = 5.280, P0.05), 85.2% (52/61) and 65.9% (27/41), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling in PTE patients (77.5%, 79/102) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (25.5%, 13/51, χ(2) = 38.300, P0.001), and the fraction of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was significantly lower (4.9%, 5/102) than that in CAD patients (29.4%, 47/160, χ(2) = 23.450, P0.001). In the PTE patients with neither CAD nor hypertension, the abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling was still more frequent (65.9%, 27/41) than in healthy controls (25.5%, 13/51, χ(2) = 15.070, P0.001), but there was no significant difference when compared with that in CAD patients (73.8%, 118/160, χ(2) = 1.013, P0.05).The results strongly suggest that abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling constitutes a common and a major form of left ventricular dysfunction in PTE patients. It indicates that enhanced alertness to and early identification of abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling may play an important role in improving prognosis for PTE.