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To explore the transcriptional gene expression profile up-regulated in human macrophages stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms.RNA-seq was used to sequence and compare the differential gene expression profiles of human macrophage cell line U937 before and after IFN-γ stimulation, and the significantly up-regulated genes were screened out, which were verified by fluorescence-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in U937 and THP1 cell lines, respectively. JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors were added to simultaneously to the cultured U937 cells upon IFN-γ priming to detect their effects on the expressions of the up-regulated genes to explore the key regulatory mechanisms.RNA-seq and qPCR results showed that, the well-recognized chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, the APOL family including APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, APOL4, APOL6 and GBP family GBP1, GBP2, GBP3, GBP4 and GBP5 as well were significantly up-regulated in IFN-γ-stimulated U937 cells. JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of APOL1, APOL4, GBP1, GBP4 and GBP5 genes induced by IFN-γ, while MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of CXCL10 gene. PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor inhibited the upregulation of APOL1,APOL4, APOL6, GBP1 and GBP5 genes induced by IFN-γ, all three signal pathway inhibitors could inhibit the upregulation of CXCL9 gene, and none of them could inhibit the upregulation of APOL3 gene.Upon IFN-γ stimulation, some family molecules of APOL and GBP in macrophages are significantly up-regulated, and PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK pathways have positive regulation on their expressions, respectively.干扰素-γ刺激人巨噬细胞后的转录组变化与细胞内信号调控机制研究.探讨干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）刺激后人巨噬细胞内上调的转录组基因表达谱及其相应的细胞内信号调控机制.运用RNA-seq对IFN-γ刺激前后的人巨噬细胞系U937差异基因表达谱进行测序和比较，从中筛选出显著上调的基因，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术（qPCR）分别在U937和THP1两个巨噬细胞株内进行验证；在IFN-γ刺激U937细胞的同时，分别加入JAK/STAT3、MAPK/ERK和PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂，检测其对上调基因的影响，从中找出关键的调控机制.巨噬细胞经IFN-γ刺激后，RNA-seq筛选结合qPCR验证结果显示：趋化因子CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11，APOL家族包括APOL1、APOL2、APOL3、APOL4、APOL6以及GBP家族GBP1、GBP2、GBP3、GBP4、GBP5均显著上调。JAK/STAT3通路抑制剂抑制了IFN-γ诱导的APOL1、APOL4、GBP1、GBP4和GBP5基因上调表达，MAPK/ERK通路抑制剂抑制了IFN-γ诱导的CXCL10基因上调表达，PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂抑制了IFN-γ诱导的APOL1、APOL4、APOL6、GBP1和GBP5基因上调表达，三种信号通路抑制剂均能抑制IFN-γ诱导的CXCL9基因上调表达，三种通路抑制剂对IFN-γ诱导的APOL3基因上调均无抑制作用.IFN-γ刺激后巨噬细胞内APOL和GBP部分家族分子表现为显著上调，PI3K/AKT、JAK/STAT3和MAPK/ERK通路对其表达分别具有一定的正向调控作用.

To investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and practicability of transurethral enucleation plus pneumocystostomy rotary cut (TUE + PCRC) for large benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).We performed TUE + PCRC for 26 BPH patients aged 62 - 85 years with the prostate volume of 80 - 165 ml. We conducted transurethral enucleation of the hyperplastic prostate glands and pushed them into the bladder, followed by bladder puncture for pneumo-cystostomy rotary cut.All the surgical procedures were successfully accomplished, with the mean surgical time of 41 (32 - 54) minutes and intraoperative blood loss60 ml in all the cases. Twenty-three of the patients were followed up for 2 - 8 months, which revealed no stricture of the urethra or any other severe complications. Compared with the preoperative baseline, significant improvement was achieved in the IPSS (6.5 +/- 2.2 vs 26.2 +/- 2.4), QOL (1.4 +/- 0.9 vs 4.6 +/- 1.2) and Qmax ([5.8 +/- 1.0 ] vs [19.6 +/- 2.8] ml/s) of the patients after surgery (P0.01).TUE + PCRC, with its advantages of short operation time and less severe complications, is a safe and effective approach to the management of large BPH.

To evaluate endourethral surgery for urethratresia under the X-ray guide.We performed transurethral urethroplasty for 11 patients with urethratresia using the PlasmaKinetic electrodes under the guidance of C arm xanthippe.In the 11 cases, operations were all successful, 9 achieved smooth urination and 2 needed regular urethral dilation.X-ray guided internal urethroplasty with PlasmaKinetic electrodes is a simple and efficient treatment for urethratresia.