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This brief presents a method to design bandpass filter (BPF) integrated single-pole quadruple-throw (SP4T) switch by using parallel switched fractal common feeding line. The common feeding line with fractal design can provide four identical coupling paths for cascading switchable bandpass filters (SW-BPFs), which guarantees the consistency of channel electrical performance. The parallel switches are loaded on the fractal common feeding line, so as to decrease the impact of accumulated residual admittances from OFF-state channels. The SW-BPF is realized by the p-i-n diodes loaded tri-mode resonator (TMR), and the transmission zeros due to the intrinsic property of TMR and the source-load coupling are introduced on both sides of ON-state bandpass passband to improve the selectivity. The high suppression property of detuned TMR forms the OFF-state channel. As an example, a single-layer BPF integrated SP4T switch with the central frequency (CF) of 1.0 GHz and the ripple bandwidth (RBW) of 80 MHz is designed and fabricated to validate the proposed design concept.

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic involvement and multiple autoantibodies in the serum. Patients with protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiency are prone to thrombosis. In contrast, patients with primary hyperfibrino-lysis tend to bleed. CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old female patient with bilateral pleural effusion was diagnosed with "tuberculous pleurisy" and treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs and prednisone. The coagulation-related laboratory results showed decreased fibrinogen, PC activity, PS activity, and antithrombin Ш activity. The immune-related laboratory results showed positive antinuclear antibody, anti-Smith antibody, anticardiolipin antibody (ACL), anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody (aβ2GPI) and direct Coomb’s test and decreased complement 3 and complement 4. Thoracoscopy was performed and bloody pleural fluid was drained. Pathology of the pleural biopsy showed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and a few eosinophils in adipose and fibrous connective tissue. Results of whole exome sequencing of blood showed no genetic mutations suggesting the presence of hereditary hematological diseases. The patient was finally diagnosed with SLE and primary hyperfibrinolysis, and was treated with prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, and compound cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSION PC and PS deficiency in SLE might be related to ACL and aβ2GPI. SLE and primary hyperfibrinolysis can coexist in one patient, with both a risk of thrombosis and a risk of bleeding.

This article presents a method to design new diplexer-integrated single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches for composite time division duplexing (TDD) and frequency division duplexing (FDD) requirements. The common fractal stub-loaded resonator (F-SLR) is employed to provide four magnetic coupling paths to introduce the mixed electric and magnetic coupling (MEMC) for every channel. Together with the cross-couplings, the ON-state channel with high selectivity bandpass response can be achieved. As examples, a third-order diplexer-integrated SPDT switch and a fourth-order diplexer-integrated SPDT switch operating at 0.9/1.8 GHz are designed and fabricated. These two diplexer-integrated SPDT switches have three major operating modes, i.e., the 0.9-GHz bandpass filter (BPF)-integrated SPDT switch operating mode, the 1.8-GHz BPF-integrated SPDT switch operating mode, and the 0.9-/1.8-GHz diplexer-integrated SPDT switch operating mode. In the design, the loaded positions of p-i-n diodes on the uniform impedance resonators of 0.9-GHz channel are optimized to improve the OFF-state rejection bandwidth. Measured results also show that these two diplexer-integrated SPDT switches have low ON-state passband insertion loss, high port-to-port isolation, and compact circuit size.

A new outbreak pest, Athetis lepigone (Moschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has caused severe economic loss in maize crops in China. In order to conduct population genetics study with a more polymorphic and scientific mitochondrial marker, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 13 different A. lepigone individuals. Intraspecific comparison of all PCGs showed that the NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome b genes had the highest nucleotide diversity. We also found evidence of episodic positive selection on two amino acids, which are encoded by NADH dehydrogenase genes (ND3 and ND4L), against a background of widespread neutral selection of all other mitochondrial PCGs. The genetic divergence observed in this study indicated that the cytochrome b gene (CYTB) is better than COI at recovering population structure. The preliminary population genetic analysis illustrated strong gene flow among A. lepigone populations in China. Our study provides basic information for further research on population genetics of A. lepigone.

To observe the clinical efficacy of point application with Da Huang (Rhizoma Rhei Cruda) powder at Shenque (CV 8) plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus for preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A total of 60 cases with NHL under chemotherapy were divided into two groups by hospitalization order, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine nursing and the observation group was additionally given point application with Da Huang (Rhizoma Rhei Cruda) powder plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus, to compare the effect in preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy between the two groups. The occurrence rates of constipation, nausea, vomiting and poor appetite on the second day and fifth day after chemotherapy were obviously lower in the observation group than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P

Cooling systems is significance for the structure and energy-saving operation of generator. Different cooling methods affects the efficiency and energy losing of generator. In order to quantitatively calculate the energy consumption of cooling system, this paper proposed three energy consumption indexes for large generator. Energy consuming of a dual inner water cooled generator, a water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooled generator and an evaporative cooling generator were calculated according to the proposed method. The results indicate that the total energy consumption of dual inner water cooled generator is maximum because of its low efficiency, and evaporative cooling generator effectively reduces energy consumption.

Background The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), commonly defined as a combination of obesity and diurnal hypercapnia, is efficiently treated using nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). The present study aimed to determine whether nocturnal polysomnography allows detection of respiratory disturbances occurring in patients with OHS treated with NPPV that may interfere with the quality of sleep and of ventilatory support, and are not detected by nocturnal pulse oximetry and capnography. Methods Twenty OHS patients in stable clinical condition treated by NPPV for at least 3 months with a bilevel pressure support ventilator were studied. All patients underwent single-night polysomnography under NPPV including transcutaneous measurement of P co 2 (TcP co 2 ). Four types of respiratory events were defined and quantified: patient/ventilator desynchronization, periodic breathing (PB), autotriggering, and apnea-hypopneas. Results Eleven patients (55%) exhibited desynchronization occurring mostly in slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep and associated with arousals but not inducing significant changes in TcP co 2 or oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (Sp o 2 ). Eight patients (40%) showed a high index of PB, mostly occurring in light sleep and associated with more severe nocturnal hypoxemia. Autotriggering was sporadic and usually limited to one or two breaths, although prolonged and asymptomatic autotriggering occurred in one patient during 10.6% of total sleep time. Conclusions Patient/ventilatory asynchrony and PB are respiratory patterns occurring frequently in OHS patients treated using NPPV. Nocturnal monitoring of Sp o 2 and TcP co 2 , commonly used to assess the efficacy of ventilatory support, do not adequately explore this aspect of therapy that might influence its efficacy as well as sleep quality.

Background Occupational hearing loss is an increasingly prevalent occupational condition worldwide, and has been reported to occur in a wide range of workplaces; however, its prevalence among workers from municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) remains less clear. This study aimed to investigate the occupational hearing loss among Chinese MSWL workers. Methods A cross-sectional study of 247 workers from 4 Chinese MSWLs was conducted. Noise and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) levels at worksites were determined. We conducted hearing examinations to determine hearing thresholds. A worker was identified as having hearing loss if the mean threshold at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in either ear was equal to or greater than 25 dB. Prevalence of occupational hearing loss was then evaluated. Using unconditional Logistic regression models, we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of MSWL work associated with hearing loss. Results According to the job title for each worker, the study subjects were divided into 3 groups, including group 1 of 63 workers without MSWL occupational hazards exposure (control group), group 2 of 84 workers with a few or short-period MSWL occupational hazards exposure, and group 3 of 100 workers with continuous MSWL occupational hazards exposure. Both noise and TVOCs levels were significantly higher at worksites for group 3. Significantly poorer hearing thresholds at frequencies of 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz were found in group 3, compared with that in group 1 and group 2. The overall prevalence rate of hearing loss was 23. 5%, with the highest in group 3 (36.0%). The OR of MSWL work associated with hearing loss was 3.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-8.96). Conclusion The results of this study suggest significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss among MSWL workers. Further studies are needed to explore possible exposure-response relationship between MSWL occupational hazards exposure and hearing loss.

To determine occupational hazards in work sites of a large solid waste landfill and analyze their adverse health effects.The national standardized detection methods were used to determine dust concentration, harmful gas and physical factors in worksites. Routine physical examination, pulmonary function, hearing tests and nervous system test were performed in workers for 2 consecutive years. Urine lead, cadmium and mercury contents were detected. The comet assay was use to measure DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among workers.The main occupational hazard factors in this solid landfill are dust, harmful gas, high temperature and noise. The oxides, carbon monoxide, and noise and high temperatures in summer at some work sites exceeded the national occupational exposure limits. The prevalence of respiratory inflammation and rate of pulmonary function decrease among front-line workers and on-site technical managers are 21.2% and 11.5%, which are significantly higher than those among administrative staff (7.1% and 0) (P0.05). Nervous system abnormalities rate of front-line workers and on-site technical managers was 50.0%, which is significantly higher than that (26.7%) of administrative staff (P0.05). Because of long-term exposure to high intensity noice, hearing loss rate of bulldozer drivers was 10.3%. In addition, about 75% of workers with DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte are front-line workers.Adverse health effects from occupational hazards were observed among workers in this solid waste landfill.

The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), commonly defined as a combination of obesity and diurnal hypercapnia, is efficiently treated using nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). The present study aimed to determine whether nocturnal polysomnography allows detection of respiratory disturbances occurring in patients with OHS treated with NPPV that may interfere with the quality of sleep and of ventilatory support, and are not detected by nocturnal pulse oximetry and capnography.Twenty OHS patients in stable clinical condition treated by NPPV for at least 3 months with a bilevel pressure support ventilator were studied. All patients underwent single-night polysomnography under NPPV including transcutaneous measurement of Pco(2) (TcPco(2)). Four types of respiratory events were defined and quantified: patient/ventilator desynchronization, periodic breathing (PB), autotriggering, and apnea-hypopneas.Eleven patients (55%) exhibited desynchronization occurring mostly in slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep and associated with arousals but not inducing significant changes in TcPco(2) or oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (Spo(2)). Eight patients (40%) showed a high index of PB, mostly occurring in light sleep and associated with more severe nocturnal hypoxemia. Autotriggering was sporadic and usually limited to one or two breaths, although prolonged and asymptomatic autotriggering occurred in one patient during 10.6% of total sleep time.Patient/ventilatory asynchrony and PB are respiratory patterns occurring frequently in OHS patients treated using NPPV. Nocturnal monitoring of Spo(2) and TcPco(2), commonly used to assess the efficacy of ventilatory support, do not adequately explore this aspect of therapy that might influence its efficacy as well as sleep quality.

In this paper, an area-efficient pipelined very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture is proposed for Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding. The proposed architecture is exploited based on the features of vector operations of the decoding algorithm. By pipelining and folding, the proposed architecture can improve the reuse rate of the main computation unit, reduce the hardware complexity and delete the redundant circuits. Synthesized by the Cadence Ambittrade tool using the TSMC 0.25 mum standard cell library, the implemented RS decoder consists of about 27,000 gates, which is about 39% smaller than the same kind of conventional ones. It has been integrated in a channel demodulation chip for high-definition television (HDTV) and has been tested successfully in practice

In this paper, the known decoding procedure for Reed-Solomon (RS) code is analyzed in the way of vector operations that are suitable for VLSI implementation and pipelining. Then, a new area-efficient architecture for RS decoder is proposed. The new architecture can improve the reuse rate of main computation unit, reduce the hardware complexity and delete the redundancy circuit. The results show that the total number of gates of the proposed RS (204,188) decoder is about 27,000 gates, which is about 39% smaller than the same kind of conventional ones. It has been integrated in a channel demodulation chip for high-definition television (HDTV) and the chip has been tested successfully in practice.

To study the efficacy of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, in the treatment and prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in mild asthmatic patients and patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA).Thirty mild asthmatic patients with positive standardized exercise challenge test were enrolled. The subjects received montelukast 10 mg once daily in the evening. Standard exercise challenge was performed before, three days and twenty-eight days after the administration of the drug. The end points included: (1) Area under the percent fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) versus time curve (AUC0 to approximately 60 min); (2) Time of recovery to within 5% of the pre-exercise baseline FEV1 value; and (3) Maximal percent fall in FEV1 from pre-exercise baseline.Montelukast caused significant reduction in AUC0 to approximately 60 min, which was (39 +/- 21)%.min before treatment as compared to (13 +/- 14)%.min and (12 +/- 14)%.min three days and twenty-eight days respectively after the treatment with montelukast. Time of recovery to within 5% of the pre-exercise baseline FEV1 value were (51 +/- 36) min, (26 +/- 28) min and (25 +/- 33) min respectively. The mean maximal percentage decrease in FEV1 after exercise was 44.4% before treatment, 26.8% and 18.2% following montelukast. FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were maintained to nearly normal during all the study. Inhale corticosteroid did not prevent EIB/EIA.Montelukast attenuates and protects against EIB/EIA.

To explore the role of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and T lymphocytes in exercise-induced asthma (EIA).In 32 patients with asthma (13 patients with EIA) and 8 normal subjects, peripheral blood ECP, CD(25)(+)%, and IL-5 mRNA were measured before, 10 min and 60 min after exercise testing.(1) There was a linear relationship between ECP, CD(25)(+)% and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) before exercise (r = -0.79, -0.61, P0.01). (2) In patients with EIA, FEV(1) and PEF decreased remarkably after exercise test, but in patients without EIA, FEV(1) and PEF did not change. The difference between the two groups was significant. (3) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of ECP, CD(25)(+)%, and IL-5 mRNA.T lymphocyte activation and ECP secreted by eosinophils do not seem to play a major role in EIA.