Search

Ground-based multi-channel microwave radiometers (MWRs) can continuously detect atmospheric profiles in the tropospheric atmosphere. This makes MWR an ideal tool to supplement radiosonde and satellite observations in monitoring the thermodynamic evolution of the atmosphere and improving numerical weather prediction (NWP) through data assimilation. The analysis of product characteristics of MWR is the basis for applying its data to real-time monitoring and assimilation. In this paper, observations from the latest generation of ground-based multi-channel MWR RPG-HATPRO-G5 installed in Shanghai, China, are compared with the radiosonde observations (RAOB) observed in the same location. The detection performance, characteristics of various channels, and the accuracy of the retrieval profile products of the MWR RPG are comprehensively evaluated during various weather conditions. The results show that the brightness temperatures (BTs) observed by the ground-based MWR RPG during precipitation conditions were high, which affected its detection performance. The bias and the standard deviation (SD) between the BT observed by MWR RPG and the simulated BT during clear and cloudy sky conditions were slight and large, respectively, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was high and low, respectively. However, when the cloud liquid water (CLW) information was added when simulating BT, the bias and the SD of the observed BT and the simulated BT during cloudy days were reduced and the R2 value improved, which indicated that CLW information should be taken into account when simulating BT during cloudy conditions. The temperature profiles of the MWR retrieval had the same accuracy of RMSEs (root-mean-square error) with heights during both clear-sky and cloudy sky conditions, where the RMSEs were below 2 K when the heights were below 4 km. In addition, the MWR RPG has the potential ability to retrieve the temperature inversion in the boundary layer, which has important application value for fog and air pollution monitoring.

ABSTRACT Objective The gait analysis of patients after surgery for tumors around the knee joint relies on the use of a three‐dimensional motion capture system. However, obtaining long‐term, free‐standing, real‐world gait data with three‐dimensional gait analysis is challenging. In this study, we utilized a portable gait analyzer to collect gait data from patients who underwent rotating hinge knee megaprosthesis (RHK) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), this study aims to compare via gait analysis patients who underwent megaprosthesis with patients with TKA. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on eight patients with knee bone tumors (RHK group) and ten patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent standard TKA (TKA group) from January 2018 to January 2022. Gait analysis, was conducted using the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity (IDEEA), and the results were compared with those of a healthy control group. The lower limb alignment of the RHK and TKA groups was evaluated, and the KSS scores of the two groups were collected and compared. Energy consumption during a 20‐m walk was measured and compared among the RHK, TKA, and healthy control groups using one‐way ANOVA. Paired t‐tests were used to compare the operated and nonoperated limbs within groups. Results All patients exhibited slower walking speeds and cadence than the healthy control participants (p

Objective To analyze the risk factors of ineffective platelet transfusion in leukemia, and explore the predictive value of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Ⅰ antibody and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for ineffective platelet transfusion in leukemia. Methods The clinical data of 108 patients with acute leukemia from January 2020 to September 2023 in Banan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with platelet transfusion, and the expression of HLA-Ⅰ antibody and TGF-β1 was detected. The subjects were divided into ineffective group (38 cases) and effective group (70 cases) according to the effect of platelet transfusion.The general data, HLA-Ⅰ antibody and TGF-β1 of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of ineffective platelet transfusion in leukemia were analyzed by logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of HLA-Ⅰ antibody and TGF-β1 for ineffective platelet transfusion in leukemia. Results A total of 1 575 platelets were transfused in 108 patients, and the effective rate of platelet transfusion was 68.00% (1071/1575). Logistic regression results showed that the number of transfusions＞6 times, infection, active bleeding, low positive bacterial culture, positive HLA-Ⅰ antibody, platelet count before transfusion, low TGF-β1 level were risk factors affecting the ineffectiveness of platelet transfusion in leukemia patients (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of HLA-Ⅰ antibody and TGF-β1 a lone and combined predicting the ineffectiveness of platelet transfusion in leukemia patients was 0.748, 0.712, 0.812, and the sensitivity was 83.20%, 74.30%, 93.80%, respectively, with the combined prediction being the highest. Conclusion Positive HLA-Ⅰ antibodies and low TGF-β1 levels are risk factors for ineffective platelet transfusion in leukemia. Targeted intervention schemes can be used to intervene in patients with the above factors, in order to further improve the effect of platelet transfusion.

Abstract The impact of microplastics on antibiotic resistance has attracted widespread attention. However, previous studies primarily focused on the effects of individual microplastics. In reality, diverse microplastic types accumulate in soil, and it remains less well studied whether microplastic diversity (i.e., variations in color, shape or polymer type) can be an important driver of increased antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance. Here, we employed microcosm studies to investigate the effects of microplastic diversity on soil ARG dynamics through metagenomic analysis. Additionally, we evaluated the associated potential health risks by profiling virulence factor genes (VFGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Our findings reveal that as microplastic diversity increases, there is a corresponding rise in the abundance of soil ARGs, VFGs and MGEs. We further identified microbial adaptive strategies involving genes (changed genetic diversity), community (increased specific microbes), and functions (enriched metabolic pathways) that correlate with increased ARG abundance and may thus contribute to ARG dissemination. Additional global change factors, including fungicide application and plant diversity reduction, also contributed to elevated ARG abundance. Our findings suggest that, in addition to considering contamination levels, it is crucial to monitor microplastic diversity in ecosystems due to their potential role in driving the dissemination of antibiotic resistance through multiple pathways.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) estimates the spatial distribution of tissue electrical properties by measuring the transfer impedance between surface electrodes. which has shown great potential in medical imaging, especially in the evaluation of brain injury patients. This review introduces the application of EIT in the evaluation of brain injury patients, including diagnosis and monitoring of stroke, cerebral edema, and epileptic foci. In stroke research, consecutive and real-time EIT monitoring may support early diagnosis of intracranial lesions, identification of stroke types, and improvement of prognosis. For cerebral edema, EIT can monitor intracranial pressure in real-time and evaluate the effectiveness of dehydration treatment. EIT is used for lesion localization and seizure monitoring. The review also summarizes the existing problems of EIT and technical challenges that may orient future research as well as clinical application.

Abstract Purpose It is controversial for the optimal time of breast cancer surgery after COVID-19 infection. Purpose was to assess the risk of postoperative complication in breast cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, in order to select optimal surgery timing after COVID-19 infection. Methods Breast cancer patients infected with COVID-19 and performed surgery between December 20th, 2022 to March 20th, 2023 were included in this prospective study (n = 577). Patients performed surgery between May 1, 2019 to October 1, 2019 were listed as control group (n = 329). They had not been infected with COVID-19 before surgery. Patients were grouped by time of surgery relative to COVID-19 infection. Database was evaluated using logistic regression. Results Patients infected with COVID-19 had a higher incidence of complications after surgery compared to that not-COVID-19 infection (6.59% vs. 3.04%). Multivariable logistic analysis demonstrated that timing of surgery was associated with complications (OR = 4.253; 95% CI: 0.855–21.153, P = 0.044). Patients performed surgery within 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection had the highest rates of complication (17.65%) when compared with other groups, while the incidence was decreased into 5.51% when surgery 2 weeks or more after COVID-19 infection. With a median follow-up was 10 months, all patients with complications were recovered without serious complications or death, which had no adverse effect on subsequent anti-tumor therapy. Conclusions It needs to be cautious when breast cancer surgery was performed within 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection. Although the incidence of complications in patients undergoing surgery 2 weeks after COVID-19 infection is still slightly high, surgery might be recommended considering urgency of treatment, good prognosis of complications and the lack of influence on subsequent adjuvant therapy.

Abstract Berberine (BBR), a widely recognized traditional Chinese medicine, has attracted considerable attention for its promising anti‐inflammatory effects. The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) effectively safeguards against organ damage stemming from sepsis‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This study examined the potential of BBR in alleviating sepsis‐induced acute gastric injury, with a particular focus on elucidating whether its mechanism of action involves the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Following intraperitoneal injection of BBR, mice were subjected to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method to induce sepsis. In vitro experiments involved pre‐treating the normal gastric epithelial cells (GES‐1) with BBR, followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Functional assays were then performed to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. To validate the role of Nrf2 in pyroptosis and inflammation, siRNA targeting Nrf2 (si‐Nrf2) was transfected into LPS‐treated GES‐1 cells. Additionally, mice were administered the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 to confirm the protective effects of BBR in vivo. BBR displayed a dose‐dependent effect in mitigating gastric tissue damage, suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines, and reducing the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and GSDMD‐N. In vitro, BBR fostered GES‐1 cell proliferation, hindered apoptosis, and suppressed the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐18, IL‐1β, NLRP3, ASC, and GSDMD‐N. Further analysis revealed that knocking down Nrf2 reversed BBR's inhibitory effect on pyroptosis in LPS‐treated GES‐1 cells. Through binding to Keap1, BBR efficiently prevented the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2, ultimately promoting its nuclear translocation. In vivo experiments confirmed that ML385 reversed the protective effect of BBR on pyroptosis and inflammation. Our research reveals that BBR interacts with Keap1 to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in gastric epithelial cells, thereby suppressing pyroptosis and inflammation in sepsis‐induced acute gastric injury.

This experiment employed viewing time methods to investigate the effects of individual differences in visuospatial working memory (VWM) on the processing of older adults' bridging inferences in the understanding of visual narratives. The results showed that older adults could make bridging inferences in visual narrative processing, and that VWM had no significant effect on the generation of older adults' bridging inferences in visual narrative comprehension. The findings of this study have the potential to enrich and advance the theories and models related to discourse comprehension and its inference processing, and they would have important implications for using visual media to facilitate training in inference processing.

Studying ADA accessibility at library websites of top universities selected from the "U.S. News and World Report," the authors used WAVE and AChecker to assess data in compliance with WCAG 2.0 standards. Almost 8 out of 10 public university academic libraries reported accessibility errors as one of the major findings. Low color contrast was becoming a more commonly occurring accessibility issue, making it difficult for people with vision impairments to perceive the color of the image. The outcomes of the study suggest that academic libraries around the world should continue improving their website accessibility.

The observation error covariance (R) matrix is a key component in the data assimilation (DA) process for retrieval of atmospheric state parameters (ASPs), also impacting the subsequent numerical weather forecast. However, one commonly used type of R matrix depends on instrument noise, which contravenes reality because the retrieved ASPs would depend on the instrument used. Other types of R matrix rely on the observation operator (H), analyzed state ( x a ), background error covariance (B) matrix or the background state ( x b ), and the selected forecast ensemble. All these dependences reduce the representativeness of the R matrix, since the correctness of H needs verification and no true values exist for x a or x b . As such, a better method to correctly specify the R matrix is needed. Through the physical mechanism occurring between incident radiation and particles in the atmosphere, which complies with the phenomena of energy absorption and emission, correlations among bands or channels in a detected atmospheric radiance spectrum occur. This paper thus proposes a data-derived R matrix based on a large number (N) of detected atmospheric radiance spectra constructed from N real-time measurements, where N real-time measurements can be acquired by staring at some observation location of interest during a short amount of time. This data-derived R matrix for satellite radiance observations does not rely on any assumed quantities and is unambiguous. Technically, recording N real-time measurements is achievable by modifying the trigger configuration of data recording from ground.

Abstract Background Motor competence (MC) is a key component reflecting one’s ability to execute motor tasks and is an important predictor of physical fitness. For adolescents, understanding the factors affecting MC is pertinent to their development of more sophisticated sporting skills. Previous studies considered the influence of poor proprioceptive ability on MC, however, the relationship between lower limb joint position sense, kinematic control, and MC is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relation between joint position sense and kinematic control with MC in adolescents during a lower limb movement reproduction task. Methods This study was a cross-sectional design. Young people (n = 427, 196 girls and 231 boys) aged 13 to 14 years were recruited. A movement reproduction task was used to assess joint position sense and kinematic control, while the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (mABC-2) was used to assess MC. In this study, participants were categorized into the Typically Developed (TD, n = 231) and Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD, n = 80) groups for further analysis of joint position sense, kinematic control, and MC between groups. Results Kinematic data, specifically normalized jerk, showed a significant correlation with MC. There was no correlation between knee joint position sense and MC, and no group differences between DCD and TD were found. Conclusions Joint position sense should not be used as a measure to distinguish TD and DCD. Rather than joint position sense, control of kinematic movement has a greater influence on the coordination of the lower limbs in adolescents. Movement control training should be implemented in the clinical setting to target kinematic control, rather than focus on joint position sense practice, to improve motor competency. Trial Registration Identifier NCT03150784. Registered 12 May 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03150784 .

Abstract Background This study aims to report the phenomenon of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalitis induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and promote the potential benefits of combining early immunotherapy and anti-M—pneumoniae therapy for these patients. Methods Three children with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis due to M. pneumoniae infections who were treated at our hospital from September to November 2023 were included in the study. We investigated and analyzed the background and clinical features of these patients. Results Three patients developed headaches, seizures, and/or other neurological manifestations, elevated mononuclear cells in cerebrospinal fluid, intracranial lesions on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positive MOG-IgG in serum, within 10–14 days. They were diagnosed with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis due to M. pneumoniae infections, the treatment consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, and erythromycin, then they were completely recovered. Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections can cause oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis. The recognition of this condition will promote the potential benefits of combining early immunotherapy and anti-M. pneumoniae therapy for patients with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis.

Abstract Background Numerous reports indicate that both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI). The objective was to assess the relationship between abdominal obesity as measured by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) and CI in middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which a total of 1154 patients with T2DM aged ≥ 40 years were included. WHRadjBMI was calculated based on anthropometric measurements and CI was assessed utilizing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participants were divided into CI group (n = 509) and normal cognition group (n = 645). Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between obesity-related indicators including WHRadjBMI, BMI as well as waist circumference (WC) and CI. Meanwhile, the predictive power of these indicators for CI was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results WHRadjBMI was positively correlated with MoCA scores, independent of sex. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for WHRadjBMI, BMI and WC were 0.639, 0.521 and 0.533 respectively, and WHRadjBMI had the highest predictive power for CI. Whether or not covariates were adjusted, one-SD increase in WHRadjBMI was significantly related to an increased risk of CI with an adjusted OR of 1.451 (95% CI: 1.261–1.671). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of CI increased with rising WHRadjBMI quartiles (Q4 vs. Q1 OR: 2.980, 95%CI: 2.032–4.371, P for trend

Mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology is crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources, which has garnered significant attention and rapid growth in recent years. Currently, various geothermal reinjection technologies lag behind, lacking effective integration to address issues like low reinjection rates and thermal breakthrough. This paper reviews the basic principles and development history of mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology, focusing on various technical methods used in the process and analyzing their applicability, advantages, and disadvantages under different geological conditions. It highlights the unique challenges posed by deep geothermal resources, including high temperature, high pressure, high stress, chemical corrosion, and complex geological structures. Additionally, it addresses challenges in equipment selection and durability, system stability and operation safety, environmental impact, and sustainable development. Finally, the paper explores future directions for mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology, highlighting key areas for further research and potential pathways for technological innovation. This comprehensive analysis aims to accelerate the advancement of geothermal reinjection technology, offering essential guidance for the efficient reinjection and sustainable development of geothermal resources.

The mathematical model of the profile is complicated and the connection conditions are not easily obtained by explicit calculation because different model parameters are used for different types of curves. To address the above problems, a new scroll profile is proposed by double spiral which is the combination of algebraic spiral and Archimedes spiral. First, based on the conjugate mesh theory, the relationship between the spindle angle and the pole angle of the curve is solved to derive the normalized mathematical model of the scroll line of the spiral type. Then, based on the smooth connection conditions of the combined profiles, the constraint equations of the connection points of the double spiral scroll profiles are established, and the geometric models of the two types of double spiral scroll profiles are obtained. Afterwards, the effects of the parameters of the first type of double spiral combined profile (spiral index, spiral coefficient, and pole angle of the connection point) on the geometric performance of the scroll teeth are quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the performance advantages of the two-screw combination scroll profile are comparatively studied. The results show that the geometry of the first type of double spiral combined profile is simple and can be directly used in production without head profile correction. The stroke volume is increased by 7.61%, the compression ratio is increased by 27.42%, and the area utilization factor is increased by 7.61% compared with the conventional circular involute scroll teeth at the same radial dimension of scroll teeth.

Abstract We systematically investigate the mass spectrum and two-body open-charm strong decays of charmonium states in a coupled-channel model where the $$^3P_0$$ 3 P 0 quark-antiquark pair creation mechanism is employed. The results of masses, mass shifts, proportions of the $$c\bar{c}$$ c c ¯ component, and open-charm decay widths are provided. The S-D wave mixing angles and di-electric decay widths for vector mesons are also presented. Based on our results, we find that the $$\psi (3770)$$ ψ ( 3770 ) , $$\psi (4040)$$ ψ ( 4040 ) , $$\psi (4160)$$ ψ ( 4160 ) , $$\psi (4360)$$ ψ ( 4360 ) , and $$\psi (4415)$$ ψ ( 4415 ) can be assigned as the $$1^3D_1$$ 1 3 D 1 -, $$3^3S_1$$ 3 3 S 1 -, $$2^3D_1$$ 2 3 D 1 -, $$4^3S_1$$ 4 3 S 1 -, and $$3^3D_1$$ 3 3 D 1 -dominated charmonium states, respectively. The $$\psi _3(3842)$$ ψ 3 ( 3842 ) is a good candidate of the $$\psi _3(1D)$$ ψ 3 ( 1 D ) charmonium state. The calculated mass and strong decay width of $$\chi _{c1}(2P)$$ χ c 1 ( 2 P ) with significant continuum contribution ( $$\sim $$ ∼ 57%) favor the charmonium interpretation for the mysterious $$\chi _{c1}(3872)$$ χ c 1 ( 3872 ) . When considering the large uncertainty in the observed decay width, the possibility to assign the $$\chi _{c0}(3860)$$ χ c 0 ( 3860 ) as the $$\chi _{c0}(2P)$$ χ c 0 ( 2 P ) charmonium state cannot be ruled out. One may describe well the properties of $$\chi _{c2}(3930)$$ χ c 2 ( 3930 ) with the $$\chi _{c2}(2P)$$ χ c 2 ( 2 P ) charmonium. The predictions on properties of other $$c\bar{c}$$ c c ¯ states can be tested by future experiments.

Abstract Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous shrew-associated viruses comprising 54 known viruses and 72 new viruses that significantly enhance our understanding of mammalian viruses. Notably, 34 identified viruses possess spillover-risk potential and six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, and rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported viruses in China were discovered, six among them have spillover-risk potential. Additionally, all 54 known viruses and 12 new viruses had the ability to cross species boundaries. Our data underscore the diversity of shrew-associated viruses and provide a foundation for further studies into tracing and predicting emerging infectious diseases originated from shrews.

Abstract Previous studies in small samples have identified inconsistent cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite genetic influences on MDD and the brain, it is unclear how genetic risk for MDD is translated into spatially patterned cortical vulnerability. Here, we initially examined voxel-wise differences in cortical function and structure using the largest multi-modal MRI data from 1660 MDD patients and 1341 controls. Combined with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we then adopted transcription-neuroimaging spatial correlation and the newly developed ensemble-based gene category enrichment analysis to identify gene categories with expression related to cortical changes in MDD. Results showed that patients had relatively circumscribed impairments in local functional properties and broadly distributed disruptions in global functional connectivity, consistently characterized by hyper-function in associative areas and hypo-function in primary regions. Moreover, the local functional alterations were correlated with genes enriched for biological functions related to MDD in general (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitogen-activated protein kinase, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation); and the global functional connectivity changes were associated with not only MDD-general, but also brain-relevant genes (e.g., neuron, synapse, axon, glial cell, and neurotransmitters). Our findings may provide important insights into the transcriptomic signatures of regional cortical vulnerability to MDD.

Abstract Background West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne virus accounted for neuroinvasive diseases. An insight into WNV-host factors interaction is necessary for development of therapeutic approaches against WNV infection. CD11b has key biological functions and been identified as a therapeutic target for several human diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CD11b was implicated in WNV infection. Methods SH-SY5Y cells with and without MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 or AKT inhibitor MK-2206 treatment were infected with WNV. CD11b mRNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR. WNV replication and expression of stress (ATF6 and CHOP), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α), and antiviral (IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ) factors were evaluated in WNV-infected SH-SY5Y cells with CD11b siRNA transfection. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. Results CD11b mRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated by WNV in a time-dependent manner. U0126 but not MK-2206 treatment reduced the CD11b induction by WNV. CD11b knockdown significantly decreased WNV replication and protected the infected cells. CD11b knockdown markedly increased TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA expression induced by WNV. ATF6 mRNA expression was reduced upon CD11b knockdown following WNV infection. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CD11b is involved in maintaining WNV replication and modulating inflammatory as well as antiviral immune response, highlighting the potential of CD11b as a target for therapeutics for WNV infection.

Abstract There are numerous differences between adult acne and adolescent acne in terms of causes, distribution, and characteristics of skin lesions, as well as treatment. This paper aims to summarize the differences between adult and adolescent acne in China, in order to propose more suitable ways to improve their quality of life. We collected basic information, acne-related information, acne-affecting factors, quality of life scores and treatment-related information of acne patients. A total of 552 questionnaires were collected. Adult acne is typically predominant on the cheeks, similar to adolescent acne, with a relatively lower incidence in other areas, apart from the jawline. Pigmentation and depressed scars are present in nearly half of acne patients, while hypertrophic scars are less frequently observed. Teenagers often have a higher consumption of dairy products, sugary drinks, and high-sugar and high-fat foods. Eczema is more common in adult acne. Additionally, more adults than teenagers experience stress and poor quality of life related to acne. Adolescents are more likely to seek treatment online and on social media. Clinicians must thoroughly evaluate diverse risk factors and formulate personalized acne management strategies for patients with different types of acne.

To achieve real-time transmission of image information under limited network bandwidth conditions, we propose a fast fractal image compression algorithm based on centroid radius. This algorithm addresses the shortcomings of conventional fractal encoding algorithms, such as high computational complexity and long encoding times. With our proposed algorithm, we calculate the centroid radius for both domain and range blocks, then sort the domain blocks based on the centroid radius. For a range block, we can find the best-matched domain blocks in the nearest neighbourhood. Additionally, we apply a bilinear interpolation algorithm to reconstruct the image's edges, reducing the block effect. In this paper, we use scalars to characterize image block features and optimize the codebook organization structure and matching method accordingly. This localization of the matching search range results in shorter coding times. Experimental results demonstrate that our encoder is 4.68 times faster than conventional fractal encoding with the proposed scheme, while still achieving good fidelity and compression ratios for the decoded image.

Sepsis is a severe systemic infectious disease that often leads to multi-organ dysfunction. One of the common and serious complications of sepsis is renal injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanistic role of a novel compound called H-151 in septic kidney injury. We also examined its impact on renal function and mouse survival rates. Initially, we confirmed abnormal activation of the STING–TBK1 signaling pathway in the kidneys of septic mice. Subsequently, we treated the mice with H-151 and observed significant improvement in sepsis-induced renal dysfunction. This was evidenced by reductions in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, as well as a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, H-151 substantially improved the seven-day survival rate of septic mice, indicating its therapeutic potential. Importantly, H-151 also exhibited an inhibitory effect on renal apoptosis levels, further highlighting its mechanism of protecting against septic kidney injury. These study findings not only offer new insights into the treatment of septic renal injury but also provide crucial clues for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of the STING–TBK1 signaling pathway and potential drug targets.

ABSTRACTObjectives The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients.Methods On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology.Results On the first day, among the top five microbiota species in abundance, four species were found to be identical in BALF and throat samples. Similarly, on the third day, three microbiota species were found to be identical in abundance in both BALF and throat samples. On the first day, 85.16% of microorganisms originated from the throat, 5.79% from the intestines, and 9.05% were unknown. On the third day, 83.52% of microorganisms came from the throat, 4.67% from the intestines, and 11.81% were unknown. Additionally, when regrouping the 46 patients, the results revealed a significant predominance of throat microorganisms in BALF on both the first and third day. Furthermore, as the disease progressed, the proportion of intestinal flora in BALF increased in patients with enterogenic ARDS.Conclusions In patients with septic ARDS, the main source of lung microbiota is primarily from the throat. Furthermore, the dynamic trend of the microbiota on the first and third day is essentially consistent.It is important to note that the origin of the intestinal flora does not exclude the possibility of its origin from the throat.

IntroductionAmdizalisib (HMPL-689) is an ATP-competitive PI3Kδ inhibitor currently under investigation for treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolism, excretion, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile of amdizalisib in healthy human subjects to support its clinical application.MethodsThis Phase I clinical trial included six healthy Chinese male volunteers who received a single oral dose of 30 mg/100 µCi [14C]amdizalisib suspension. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected to analyze pharmacokinetics, metabolic pathways, and excretion patterns.ResultsAmdizalisib was rapidly absorbed, with a median Tmax of 2.5 h. The Cmax of 244 ± 48.9 ng/mL, and AUC0-t was 1870 ± 474 h ng/mL after a single oral dose. The blood-to-plasma total radioactivity ratio ranged from 0.561 to 0.645, indicating no significant affinity of [14C]amdizalisib and its metabolites to blood cells and the radioactive material is mainly distributed in plasma. Excretion was primarily via feces and urine, with 62.08% ± 3.00% and 37.15% ± 2.84% of the dose recovered, respectively, and over 94% of the drug excreted within 96 h. The parent drug was the main radioactive component in plasma (51.45% of total radioactivity). Additionally, 11 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic pathways include oxidation on the benzene or pyrimidine rings and conjugation with cysteine or glucuronic acid. The major metabolites in plasma were the di-oxidized and hydrogenated product (M424) and the mono-oxidized product (M406-2), accounting for 16.67% and 20.91%, respectively. Both of them are also the major radioactive components in urine and feces, among of which M424 accounted for 21.01% and 14.26%, M406-2 accounted for 8.08% and 11.30%, of the administered dose in urine and feces, respectively. In addition, the di-oxidized and methylated product (M436) was one of the major metabolites in feces accounting for 17.7% of the administered dose. Few of the parent drug was found in urine and feces, suggesting primary metabolized in the liver. No serious adverse events or drug-related deaths occured, with diarrhea as the most common adverse event.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that amdizalisib is rapidly absorbed, extensively metabolized, and primarily excreted via feces and urine, supporting its continued development as a potential therapeutic for Hodgkin's lymphoma.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/, identifier CTR20212448.

ABSTRACT Background emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains is a public health concern that threatens global and regional security. Efflux pump-overexpressing MDR strains from clinical isolates are the best subjects for studying the mechanisms of MDR caused by bacterial efflux pumps. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain overexpressing the OqxB-only efflux pump was screened from a clinical strain library to explore reverse OqxB-mediated bacterial resistance strategies. We identified non-repetitive clinical isolated K. pneumoniae strains using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry clinical TOF-II (Clin-TOF-II) and susceptibility test screening against levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. And the polymorphism analysis was conducted using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Efflux pump function of resistant strains is obtained by combined drug sensitivity test of phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PaβN, an efflux pump inhibitor) and detection with ethidium bromide as an indicator. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to assess whether the oqxB gene was overexpressed in K. pneumoniae isolates. Additional analyses assessed whether the oqxB gene was overexpressed in K. pneumoniae isolates and gene knockout and complementation strains were constructed. The binding mode of PaβN with OqxB was determined using molecular docking modeling. Among the clinical quinolone-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, one mediates resistance almost exclusively through the overexpression of the resistance–nodulation–division efflux pump, OqxB. Crystal structure of OqxB has been reported recently by N. Bharatham, P. Bhowmik, M. Aoki, U. Okada et al. (Nat Commun 12:5400, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25679-0). The discovery of this strain will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the OqxB transporter in K. pneumoniae and builds on the foundation for addressing the threat posed by quinolone resistance.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a growing and significant health concern, particularly in the context of K. pneumoniae infections. The upregulation of efflux pump systems is a key factor that contributes to this resistance. Our results indicated that the K. pneumoniae strain GN 172867 exhibited a higher oqxB gene expression compared to the reference strain ATCC 43816. Deletion of oqxB led a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration of levofloxacin. Complementation with oqxB rescued antibiotic resistance in the oqxB mutant strain. We demonstrated that the overexpression of the OqxB efflux pump plays an important role in quinolone resistance. The discovery of strain GN 172867 will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the OqxB transporter in K. pneumoniae and promotes further study of antimicrobial resistance.

We carried out radar cross-section (RSC) measurements of ice particles in a microwave anechoic chamber at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. We used microwave similarity theory to enlarge the size of particle from the micrometer to millimeter scale and to reduce the testing frequency from 94 GHz to 10 GHz. The microwave similarity theory was validated using the method of moments for single metal sphere, single dielectric sphere, and spherical and non-spherical dielectric particle swarms. The differences between the retrieved and theoretical results at 94 GHz were 0.016117%, 0.0023029%, 0.027627%, and 0.0046053%, respectively. We proposed a device that can measure the RCS of ice particles in the chamber based on the S21 parameter obtained from vector network analyzer. On the basis of the measured S21 parameter of the calibration material (metal plates) and their corresponding theoretical RCS values, the RCS values of a spherical Teflon particle swarm and cuboid candle particle swarm was retrieved at 10 GHz. In this case, the differences between the retrieved and theoretical results were 12.72% and 24.49% for the Teflon particle swarm and cuboid candle swarm, respectively.

This paper focuses on the study of the evolutionary mechanism governing the temperature field of geothermal reservoir under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions, which is crucial for the sustainable geothermal energy management. With advancing exploitation of geothermal resources deepens, precise understanding of this mechanism becomes paramount for devising effective reinjection strategies, optimizing reservoir utilization, and bolstering the economic viability of geothermal energy development. The article presents a comprehensive review of temperature field evolution across diverse heterogeneous thermal reservoirs under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions, and analyzes key factors influencing this evolution. It evaluates existing research methods, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The study identifies gaps in the application of rock seepage and heat transfer theories on a large scale, alongside the need for enhanced accuracy in field test results, particularly regarding computational efficiency of fractured thermal reservoir models under multi-well reinjection conditions. To address these shortcomings, the study proposes conducting large-scale rock seepage and heat transfer experiments, coupled with multi-tracer techniques for field testing, aimed at optimizing fractured thermal reservoir models' computational efficiency under multi-well reinjection conditions. Additionally, it suggests integrating deep learning methods into research endeavors. These initiatives are of significance in deepening the understanding of the evolution process of the temperature field in deep thermal reservoirs and enhancing the sustainability of deep geothermal resource development.

Abstract Background Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could induce alterations in cortical excitability and promote neuroplasticity. To precisely quantify these effects, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical neuroimaging modality adept at detecting changes in cortical hemodynamic responses, has been employed concurrently alongside rTMS to measure and tailor the impact of diverse rTMS protocols on the brain cortex. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the effects of rTMS on cortical hemodynamic responses over the primary motor cortex (M1) as detected by fNIRS. Methods Original articles that utilized rTMS to stimulate the M1 cortex in combination with fNIRS for the assessment of cortical activity were systematically searched across the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The search encompassed records from the inception of these databases up until April, 2024. The assessment for risk of bias was also conducted. A meta-analysis was also conducted in studies with extractable raw data. Results Among 312 studies, 14 articles were eligible for qualitative review. 7 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. A variety of rTMS protocols was employed on M1 cortex. In inhibitory rTMS, multiple studies observed a reduction in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin [HbO] at the ipsilateral M1, contrasted by an elevation at the contralateral M1. Meta-analysis also corroborated this consistent trend. Nevertheless, certain investigations unveiled diminished [HbO] in bilateral M1. Several studies also depicted intricate inhibitory or excitatory interplay among distinct cortical regions. Conclusion Diverse rTMS protocols led to varied patterns of cortical activity detected by fNIRS. Meta-analysis revealed a trend of increasing [HbO] in the contralateral cortices and decreasing [HbO] in the ipsilateral cortices following low frequency inhibitory rTMS. However, due to the heterogeneity between studies, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand rTMS-induced alterations in brain activity.

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate the muscle differences in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) using opportunistic low-dose chest CT and to compare different methods for the segmentation of muscle in children. Methods This single center retrospective study enrolled children with OI and controls undergoing opportunistic low-dose chest CT obtained during the COVID pandemic. From the CT images, muscle size (cross-sectional area) and density (mean Hounsfield Units [HU]) of the trunk muscles were measured at the mid-T4 and the mid-T10 level using two methods, the fixed thresholds and the Gaussian mixture model. The Bland-Altman method was also used to compute the strength of agreement between two methods. Comparison of muscle results between OI and controls were analyzed with Student t tests. Results 20 children with OI (mean age, 9.1 ± 3.3 years, 15 males) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Mean differences between two methods were good. Children with OI had lower T4 and T10 muscle density than controls measured by the fixed thresholds (41.2 HU vs. 48.0 HU, p

Background: The Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) aims to assess the determinants of metabolic disease in nutritional aspects, as well as other environmental and genetic factors, and explore possible biomarkers and mechanisms with multi-omics integration. Methods: The population-based sample of adults in Guangzhou, China (baseline: 40–83 years old; n = 5,118) was followed up about every 3 years. All are tracked via on-site follow-up and health information systems. We assessed detailed information on lifestyle factors, physical activities, dietary assessments, psychological health, cognitive function, body measurements, and muscle function. Instrument tests included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, carotid artery and liver ultrasonography evaluations, vascular endothelial function evaluation, upper-abdomen and brain magnetic resonance imaging, and 14-day real-time continuous glucose monitoring tests. We also measured multi-omics, including host genome-wide genotyping, serum metabolome and proteome, gut microbiome (16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome, and internal transcribed spacer 2 sequencing), and fecal metabolome and proteome. Results: The baseline surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2015. Now, we have completed 3 waves. The 3rd and 4th follow-ups have started but have yet to end. A total of 5,118 participants aged 40–83 took part in the study. The median age at baseline was approximately 59.0 years and the proportion of female participants was about 69.4%. Among all the participants, 3,628 (71%) completed at least one on-site follow-up, with a median duration of 9.48 years. Conclusion: The cohort will provide data that will be influential in establishing the role of nutrition in metabolic diseases with multi-omics.

Abstract Background Postoperative delirium is a common complication in older patients, with poor long-term outcomes. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium in older patients after major abdominal surgery. Methods This study retrospectively recruited 7577 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent major abdominal surgery between January 2014 and December 2018 in a single hospital in Beijing, China. Patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 5303) and a validation cohort (n = 2224) for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and to build a nomogram. Data were collected for 43 perioperative variables, including demographics, medical history, preoperative laboratory results, imaging, and anesthesia information. Results Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, white blood cell count, glucose, total protein, creatinine, emergency surgery, and anesthesia time were associated with postoperative delirium in multivariate analysis. We developed a nomogram based on the above 8 variables. The nomogram achieved areas under the curve of 0.731 and 0.735 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The discriminatory ability of the nomogram was further assessed by dividing the cases into three risk groups (low-risk, nomogram score 199; P

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Moringa by comparing the effects of different gavage doses of Moringa. The general behavior, body weight, food intake, blood indexes, serum biochemical indexes, and histopathology of rats were used to determine the safety threshold and to provide a reference for the further development and use of Moringa as animal feed. 40 Sprague Dawley rats were selected and given transoral gavage for 28 consecutive days. The T1, T2 and T3 groups were observed for general behavior, body weight, and food intake. Blood and serum biochemical indices were quantified, and histopathology was performed to evaluate the effect and safety of Moringa. The results of the toxicological test showed that (1) Only T1 groups experienced diarrhea. (2) The body weight and food intake of rats in each group were normal compared with the control group. (3) The hematological and serum biochemical indices of rats in the T1 group were significantly different from those of CK but were in the normal range; (4) The results of microscopic examination of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of rats in each group were normal, but inflammation occurred in stomach and jejunum of rats in the T1 group, but not in the ileum. The gastrointestinal tract of rats in the T2 and T3 groups were normal. (5) No abnormal death occurred in any of the treatment groups.The results of this study revealed that gavage of Moringa homogenate at a dose of 6 g/kg BW can cause diarrhea in rats. Although there is no pathological effect on weight, food intake, blood and serum biochemical indicators in rats, there are pathological textures in the gastrointestinal tissue caused by diarrhea. Therefore, the safety threshold of Moringa homogenate should be ≤ 3 g/kg BW.

Objective To investigate cortical thickness changes in patients with vestibular migraine (VM), and to provide a basis for studying the pathogenesis of VM. Methods From June 2021 to December 2022, we enrolled 27 patients with VM visiting the department of neurology of our hospital and 28 healthy volunteers as control group. All the subjects underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance (MR) scanning. Using surface-based morphometry, the thickness of the cortex was analyzed on MR images and compared between the two groups. In the VM group, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to detect the correlation between cortical thickness changes and VM course, headache attack frequency, dizziness attack frequency, and headache intensity on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results Compared with the control group, patients with VM had a significant decrease in the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule (Pvertex0.05). Conclusion The cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule is altered in patients with VM. The left inferior parietal lobule may be involved in the pathophysiological process of VM.

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important material for shielding nuclear fission products in tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. It has an important influence on the safety performance of TRISO particles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the irradiation behaviors and mechanical properties of the SiC layer of TRISO particles. The irradiation process and nanoindentation process can be described accurately by molecular dynamics simulations. It is helpful to analyze the irradiation behavior and mechanical properties of materials. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the irradiation behavior of equiaxed polycrystalline and long-axis polycrystalline SiC layers obtained from experiments. The calculated theoretical values of the irradiation swelling degree and mechanical properties of the SiC layer are in good agreement with the experimental values. It shows the strong applicability of the potential functions and other simulation system parameters used in this paper. The irradiation behavior of the SiC layer was studied in detail by swelling degree, density, atomic structure type, and point defect evolution. The results show that the grain structure of the SiC layer has no significant effect on its irradiation swelling and amorphization. The amorphization is not directly converted from the crystal structure to the amorphous structure during the irradiation process. The crystal structure is converted into an intermediate state structure and then converted into an amorphous structure. The point defects are mainly C vacancies, Si interstitial atoms, and C antisite atoms in the early stage of irradiation. The difference between the ratio of C point defects and Si point defects gradually disappears after the irradiation dose tends to be saturated. The evolution of amorphization and point defects tends to start nearby the grain boundaries. Irradiation reduces the mechanical properties of SiC layers. It no longer has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the SiC layer after the irradiation dose tends to be saturated. The changes in the mechanical properties of the SiC layer before and after irradiation were analyzed by load-depth curve and stress & strain. The results show that the decrease in mechanical properties of the SiC layer is closely related to the mechanical behaviors under external force. For example, the bearing capacity and plastic deformation degree decrease, and the stress & strain distribution are disordered. The results provide a quantitative explanation for the irradiation behavior of the SiC layer of TRISO particles and the change of mechanical properties under irradiation. It is helpful to understand the irradiation behavior and relationship between the irradiation behavior and mechanical properties of the SiC layer.

This study provides detailed description of a newly-discovered Callicarpa yongshunensis Wen B. Xu, Xiao D. Li & Yan Ling Liu (Lamiaceae) species from Hunan, China. The species shares similarities in the inflorescence, glandular colour and leaf shape features with C. luteopunctata H. T. Chang and C. giraldii Hesse ex Rehd., while its white fruits are similar to those of C. longifolia Lamk. However, its procumbent, evergreen shrub and white fruits are distinctly different from those of C. luteopunctata and C. giraldii, while its procumbent, scarless nodes and stellate pubescence free fruits distinguishes it from C. longifolia. Images, distribution, morphological features, molecular phylogenetic classification and conservation assessment of this new Callicarpa species are explored.

Abstract Background The association between osteoarthritis (OA) and hypertension is a subject of ongoing debate in observational research, and the underlying causal relationship between them remains elusive. Methods This study retrospectively included 24,871 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2020. Weighted logistic regression was performed to investigate the connection between OA and hypertension. Additionally, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the potential causal relationship between OA and hypertension. Results In the NHANES data, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, there was no significant relationship between OA and hypertension (OR 1.30, 95% CI, 0.97–1.73, P = 0.089). However, among males, OA appeared to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension (OR 2.25, 95% CI, 1.17–4.32, P = 0.019). Furthermore, MR results indicate no relationship between multiple OA phenotypes and hypertension: knee OA (IVW, OR 1.024, 95% CI: 0.931–1.126, P = 0.626), hip OA (IVW, OR 0.990, 95% CI: 0.941–1.042, P = 0.704), knee or hip OA (IVW, OR 1.005, 95% CI: 0.915–1.105, P = 0.911), and OA from UK Biobank (IVW, OR 0.796, 95% CI: 0.233–2.714, P = 0.715). Importantly, these findings remained consistent across different genders and in reverse MR. Conclusions Our study found that OA patients had a higher risk of hypertension only among males in the observational study. However, MR analysis did not uncover any causal relationship between OA and hypertension.

Abstract Background The objective of this investigation is to analyze the levels and clinical relevance of serum PYCARD (Pyrin and CARD domain-containing protein, commonly known as ASC—apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain), interleukin-38 (IL-38), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in individuals afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Our study comprised 88 individuals diagnosed with RA who sought medical attention at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University during the period spanning November 2021 to June 2023, constituting the test group. Additionally, a control group of 88 individuals who underwent health assessments at the same hospital during the aforementioned timeframe was included for comparative purposes. The study involved the assessment of IL-38, IL-6, PYCARD, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels in both groups. The research aimed to explore the correlations and diagnostic efficacy of these markers, employing pertinent statistical analyses for comprehensive evaluation. Results The test group had higher expression levels of PYCARD, IL-6, and IL-38 than the control group (P

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over time predisposes to inflammatory responses and abnormalities in functional brain networks that damage learning, memory, or executive function. The hippocampus is a key region often reporting connectivity abnormalities in memory disorders. Here, we investigated peripheral inflammatory responses and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) changes characterized of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (T2DACD).MethodsThe study included 16 patients with T2DM, 16 patients with T2DACD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Subjects were assessed for cognitive performance, tested for the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in peripheral serum, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and analyzed for RSFC using the hippocampal subregions as seeds. We also calculated the correlation between cognitive performance and RSFC of hippocampal subregion, and analyzed the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsT2DACD patients showed a decline in their ability to complete cognitive assessment scales and experimental paradigms, and T2DM did not show abnormal cognitive performance. IL-6 expression was increased in peripheral serum in both T2DACD and T2DM. Compared with HCs, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left anterior hippocampus with left precentral gyrus and left angular gyrus. T2DM showed abnormalities RSFC of the left middle hippocampus with right medial frontal gyrus, right anterior and middle hippocampus with left precuneus, left anterior hippocampus with right precuneus and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Compared with T2DM, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left posterior hippocampus and right middle hippocampus with left precuneus. In addition, RSFC in the left posterior hippocampus with left precuneus of T2DACD was positively correlated with Flanker conflict response time (r=0.766, P=0.001). In the ROC analysis, the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD achieved significant performance.ConclusionsT2DACD showed a significant decrease in attentional inhibition and working memory, peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased, and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampal subregions with default mode network and sensory-motor network. T2DM did not show a significant cognitive decline, but peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampus subregions occurred in the brain. In addition, the left precuneus may be a key brain region in the conversion of T2DM to T2DACD. The results of this study may provide a basis for the preliminary diagnosis of T2DACD.

IntroductionHybrid rice demonstrated superior performance in enhancing yield and efficiency in rice production compared to inbred rice. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism responsible for the increased yield and efficiency of hybrid rice in South China’s double-cropping rice region remains understudied.MethodsField experiments over two consecutive years were conducted. Firstly, yield variations among 20 inbred and 15 hybrid rice cultivars prevalent in South China’s double-cropping rice system were examined. Secondly, selecting representative hybrid and inbred rice cultivars with significant yield disparities were carried out on further analyzing dry-matter production, source-sink relationships, and nutrient absorption and utilization in both rice types.ResultsHybrid rice displayed an average grain yield of 8.07 and 7.22 t hm-2 in the early and late seasons, respectively, which corresponds to a 12.29% and 13.75% increase over inbred rice with statistically significant differences. In comparison to inbred rice, hybrid rice exhibited enhanced nitrogen concentration in leaves at the heading stage (15.48–16.20%), post-heading dry matter accumulation (52.62–73.21%), post-heading dry matter conversion rate (29.23–34.12%), and harvest index (17.31–18.37%). Additionally, grain nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in hybrid rice increased by 11.88–22.50% and 16.38–19.90%. Hybrid rice mainly improved post-heading nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and transport, while not total nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Internal nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency enhanced by 9.83%-14.31% and 10.15%-13.66%, respectively. Post-heading dry matter accumulation, harvest index, grain nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and internal nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency exhibited significant positive linear correlations with grain yield.DiscussionThe period from heading to maturity is critical for enhancing hybrid rice yield and efficiency. Improving photosynthetic capacity during this period and promoting nutrient transport to grains serve as crucial pathways for increasing grain yield and efficiency. This study is of great significance for further improvement grain yield and breeding rice cultivars with high-yield and high nutrients use efficiency for South China's double-cropped rice system.

BackgroundChronic alcoholic liver disease (CALD) is a global health problem which includes multiple pathological processes such as immune inflammation and oxidative stress. 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (HBOA), an alkaloid isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. However, its effects on CALD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HBOA on CALD.MethodsRats were administered alcohol by gavage continuously for 12 weeks to establish the CALD model, and then treated with HBOA by gavage for 4 weeks. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to predict the potential mechanisms of the effects of HBOA on CALD. Liver histology and function, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway components were evaluated.ResultsHBOA significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. It decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione [GSH], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Western blotting confirmed that HBOA treatment largely diminished NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicated that HBOA regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to achieve therapeutic effects in rats with CALD.ConclusionHBOA has a therapeutic effect on rats with CALD. Its mechanism of action mainly affects the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway to promote lipid metabolism homeostasis by regulating the expression of Etnppl, Gpcpd1, and Pla2g4c. In addition, it may also inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the immune-inflammatory response.

PurposeTo investigate the predictive value of leukocyte subsets and C-reactive protein (CRP) in coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) on leukocyte subsets, C-reactive protein (CRP) and CAD, incorporating data from 68,624 patients who underwent coronary angiography from 2010 to 2022. After initial screening, clinical data from 46,664 patients were analyzed. Techniques employed included propensity score matching (PSM), logistic regression, lasso regression, and random forest algorithms (RF). Risk factors were assessed, and the sensitivity and specificity of the models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Additionally, survival analysis was conducted based on a 36-month follow-up period.ResultsThe inverse variance weight (IVW) analysis showed that basophil count (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84–1.00, P = 0.048), CRP levels (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.73–1.00, P = 0.040), and lymphocyte count (OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16, P = 0.001) are significant risk factors for CAD. Using LASSO regression, logistic regression, and RF analysis, both CRP and lymphocyte counts were consistently identified as risk factors for CAD, prior to and following PSM. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of lymphocyte and CRP levels after PSM achieves a higher diagnostic value (0.85). Survival analysis revealed that high lymphocyte counts and low CRP levels are associated with a decreased risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) (P

Designing a sparse array with reduced transmit/receive modules (TRMs) is vital for some applications where the antenna system's size, weight, allowed operating space, and cost are limited. Sparse arrays exhibit distinct architectures, roughly classified into three categories: Thinned arrays, nonuniformly spaced arrays, and clustered arrays. While numerous advanced synthesis methods have been presented for the three types of sparse arrays in recent years, a comprehensive review of the latest development in sparse array synthesis is lacking. This work aims to fill this gap by thoroughly summarizing these techniques. The study includes synthesis examples to facilitate a comparative analysis of different techniques in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. Thus, this review is intended to assist researchers and engineers in related fields, offering a clear understanding of the development and distinctions among sparse array synthesis techniques.

Summary: The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), a flagship anguillid species for conservation, is known for its long-distance-oriented migration. However, our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying long-distance migration and population genomic characteristics of A. japonica is still limited. Here, we generated a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly and conducted whole-genome resequencing of 218 individuals to explore these aspects. Strong signals of selection were found on genes involved in long-distance aerobic exercise and navigation, which might be associated with evolutionary adaptation to long-distance migrations. Low genetic diversity was detected, which might result from genetic drift associated with demographic declines. Both mitochondrial and nuclear genomic datasets supported the existence of a single panmictic population for Japanese eel, despite signals of single-generation selection. Candidate genes for local selection involved in functions like development and circadian rhythm. The findings can provide insights to adaptative evolution to long-distance migration and inform conservation efforts for A. japonica.

Abstract Aims and Objectives This study aimed to investigate the current status of the core competencies and self‐directed learning ability of diabetes specialist nurses and to explore the relationship between these core competencies and their self‐directed learning ability. Design A cross‐sectional survey design was used. Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted via a web‐based questionnaire platform in China from January 14 to April 24, 2023. The survey included a general information questionnaire, a diabetes specialist nurses' core competencies self‐assessment scale, and a nursing staff's self‐directed learning ability evaluation scale. The data was collected online. Descriptive, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results 118 diabetes specialist nurses from 11 cities participated in this study. A positive correlation was observed between the core competencies of diabetes specialist nurses and their self‐directed learning ability. The characteristics affecting the core competencies of diabetes specialist nurses included age, participation in external learning and communication and self‐directed learning. Conclusions The training of diabetes specialist nurses can focus on core competencies, and the ability to self‐direct learning can be used as an entry point to customize feasible theoretical and practical courses. The training system can further improve diabetes specialist nurses' core competencies and self‐directed learning abilities. Relevance to Clinical Practice A reference can be established that nursing managers and nursing educators can use to develop training programs for specialist nurses by validating the link between their core competencies and self‐directed learning skills. Patient or Public Contribution Participants were involved solely in the data collection process. No participant contributions were required for the study's design, outcome measurement or implementation.

BackgroundT lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in the anti-tumor immunity, and the memory of T cells contributes to the long-term protection against tumor antigens. Compared to solid tumors, studies focusing on the T-cell differentiation in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow (BM) microenvironment remain limited.Patients and methodsFresh BM specimens collected from 103 adult AML patients at diagnosis and 12 healthy donors (HDs) were tested T-cell differentiation subsets by multi-parameter flow cytometry.ResultsCD4 and CD8 T-cell compartments had different constituted profiles of T-cell differentiated subsets, which was similar between AML patients and HDs. Compared to HDs, AML patients as a whole had a significantly higher proportion of CD8 effector T cells (Teff, P = 0.048). Moreover, the T-cell compartment of AML patients with no DNMT3A mutations skewed toward terminal differentiation at the expense of memory T cells (CD4 Teff: P = 0.034; CD8 Teff: P = 0.030; CD8 memory T: P = 0.017), whereas those with mutated DNMT3A had a decrease in CD8 naïve T (Tn) and CD4 effector memory T cells (Tem) as well as an increase in CD4 central memory T cells (Tcm) (P = 0.037, 0.053 and 0.053). Adverse ELN genetic risk correlated with a lower proportion of CD8 Tn. In addition, the low proportions of CD4 Tem and CD8 Tn independently predicted poorer relapse-free survival (RFS, HR [95%CI]: 5.7 (1.4–22.2), P = 0.017 and 4.8 [1.3–17.4], P = 0.013) and event-free survival (EFS, HR [95% CI]: 3.3 (1.1–9.5), P = 0.029; 4.0 (1.4–11.5), P = 0.010), respectively.ConclusionsAML patients had abnormal profiles of BM T-cell differentiation subsets at diagnosis, which was related to DNMT3A mutations. The low proportions of CD4 Tem and CD8 Tn predicted poor outcomes.

BackgroundVasculogenic Mimicry (VM) can reduce the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis and promote distant metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous studies have found that Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) can inhibit the VM formation in HCC by reducing EphA2 expression. However the underlying mechanism related to EphA2 in VM formation is unclear.PurposeThis study aimed to confirm that EphA2 is one of the potential targets of COE, and to explore the effect of EphA2 in VM formation in hypoxia context in HCC.MethodsTCM Systems Pharmacology database and proteomics analysis were used to explore the key targets of COE in HCC treatment. CD31-PAS double staining and VE-CAD staining were used to indicate vasculogenic mimicry. The localization of EphA2 and VE-CAD was examined through fluorescent microscopy. CCK8 assay, cell invasion assay, and tube formation assay were used to indicate the formation of VM under hypoxic conditions. The regulatory relationship of EphA2 upstream and downstream molecules were evaluated through COIP and Western Blot. The nude mouse xenograft tumor models were used to observe the VM formation after knocking down or overexpressing EphA2.ResultsEphA2 is identified to the target of COE, and the driving gene of HCC. In HCC surgical specimens, EphA2 expression is closely associated with the VM formation of HCC. COE-regulated EphA2 is involved in hypoxia-induced VM formation in HCC cells in vitro. EphA2 is regulated by HIF directly or indirectly by C-MYC. Overexpression of EphA2 can promote the VM formation of HCC in nude mice, while knocking down EphA2 can inhibit the VM formation.ConclusionEphA2, as a target of COE, plays a crucial regulatory role in the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in HCC, involving upstream HIF/MYC transcriptional promotion and downstream PI3K/FAK/VE-CAD expression regulation.