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A single crystal composed of one-dimensional coordinated polymers, [CdCl2(1-methyl-2-pyridone)]n, has been synthesized and characterized. This compound exhibits outstanding elastic bending due to the molecular spring nature of the CdCl2 coordination framework and weak intermolecular interactions between the coordination chains. Owing to the helical arrangement of organic ligands surrounding the coordination structure, the compound crystallizes in a chiral space group. As a result, it displays compelling circular dichroism spectra and second harmonic generation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of low temperature inside the greenhouse caused by continuous haze weather or cloudy, rainy, and snowy weather, as well as the large heat dissipation capacity and insufficient cross time heat storage of existing solar greenhouses, by optimizing the design of the external insulation materials and structure of the heat storage water tank and studying the combination of heat storage working fluids, the greenhouse heat storage device has achieved cross time heat storage and segmented slow release heat release. The experiment shows that the combined heat insulation effect of heat insulation coating + aerogel + rubber and plastic insulation cotton is better, its 24-hour heat dissipation is reduced by 0.367 MJ compared to a single insulation material. The heat preservation material of the tank is 80~120 mm, and the cylinder heat storage tank is 6~10 m3 and 1:1. Which cannot only ensure a low effective heat dissipation rate, but also control engineering. The results show that the composite phase change material can increase the heat storage capacity, optimize the exothermic process, and achieve the gradual release of heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Internal quality control (IQC) is a core pillar of laboratory quality control strategies. Internal quality control commercial materials lack the same characteristics as patient samples and IQC contributes to the costs of laboratory testing. Patient data-based quality control (PDB-QC) may be a valuable supplement to IQC; the smaller the biological variation, the stronger the ability to detect errors. Using the potassium concentration in serum as an example study compared error detection effectiveness between PDB-QC and IQC. Materials and methods: Serum potassium concentrations were measured by using an indirect ion-selective electrode method. For the training database, 23,772 patient-generated data and 366 IQC data from April 2022 to September 2022 were used; 15,351 patient-generated data and 246 IQC data from October 2022 to January 2023 were used as the testing database. For both PDB-QC and IQC, average values and standard deviations were calculated, and z-score charts were plotted for comparison purposes. Results: Five systematic and three random errors were detected using IQC. Nine systematic errors but no random errors were detected in PDB-QC. The PDB-QC showed systematic error warnings earlier than the IQC. Conclusions: The daily average value of patient-generated data was superior to IQC in terms of the efficiency and timeliness of detecting systematic errors but inferior to IQC in detecting random errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Internet upgrades the traditional industrial manufacturing to digitization, networking and intellectualization era, which calls for brand-new technology supports. As a promising solution, the emergence Digital Twin (DT) offers enhanced digital mapping capability with strong feasibility, security, economic and intelligence, which fits well with the concept of Industrial Internet. In this paper, we focus on establishing a new reference architecture of DT to support the development of Industrial Internet. It is composed of three interdependent layers (i.e., physical layer, DT layer and DT networks layer) and four critical attributes (i.e., privacy, security, awareness and real-time). We illustrate our perspectives for the functionality and relationship of the three layers, and features and feasible solutions of the four attributes. With those efforts, the proposed DT architecture can provide both smart manufacturing and networked services for Industrial Internet era. Moreover, we also illustrate the relevant and open challenges. Finally, the conclusion and future perspective are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral haemorrhage is a critical condition that often requires surgical treatment, and postoperative intracranial infection can significantly impact patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the levels of lactic acid and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with cerebral haemorrhage and their postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis. Methods: The study selected the clinical data of 324 patients with cerebral haemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 for retrospective analysis and divided these patients into the intracranial infection group (Group A, n=22, leukocyte values in CSF>5x106/L) and the non-intracranial infection group (Group B, n=302, leukocyte values in CSF 5x106/L) according to the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection in patients to detect the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF at different times in the two groups. Pearson method was adopted to analyze the correlation of the levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with intracranial infection, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the clinical prognosis of patients. According to their scores, these patients were divided into the good prognosis group (GPG, scores of 4-5 points, n=178) and the poor prognosis group (PPG, scores of 1-5 points, n=146). The levels of lactic acid and glucose in the CSF of patients in the two groups were measured, and the Pearson method was adopted to analyze the relationship between these levels and clinical prognosis. Results: Compared with Group B, Group A had markedly higher lactic acid levels in CSF of patients atT1, T2 and T5 (PcO.001) and notably lower glucose levels (PcO.001). Patients in the PPG had notably higher lactic acid levels in CSF atT1, T2 andT5 (P<0.001) and overtly lower glucose levels than those in the GPG (P<0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis results showed that lactic acid levels in the CSF of patients were positively correlated with leukocyte values but negatively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). The lactic acid levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GOS scores but positively correlated with glucose levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of lactic acid and glucose in CSF of patients with cerebral haemorrhage are correlated with postoperative intracranial infection and clinical prognosis, and the detection of the above indicators will help doctors better understand patients' condition, thus providing a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coptis chinensis Franch., also named Chinese goldthread is a member of Ranunculaceae in the order Ranunculales and represents an important lineage of early eudicots with traditional medicinal value. In our study, by using syntenic analysis combined with phylogenomic analysis of C. chinensis and four other representative genomes from basal and core eudicots, we confirmed that the WGD event in C. chinensis was shared by Aquilegia coerulea and Papaver somniferum L. and quickly occurred after Ranunculales diverged from other eudicots, likely a Ranunculales common tetraploidization (RCT). The synonymous nucleotide substitutions at synonymous sites distribution of syntenic blocks across these genomes showed that the evolutionary rate of the P. somniferum genome is faster than that of the C. chinensis genome by approximately 13.7%, possibly due to Papaveraceaes having an additional special tetraploidization event (PST). After Ks correction, the RCT dated to 115-130 million years ago (MYA), which was close to the divergence of Ranunculaceaes and Papaveraceaes approximately 115.45-130.51 MYA. Moreover, we identified homologous genes related to polyploidization and speciation and constructed multiple sequence alignments with different reference genomes. Notably, the event-related subgenomes in the basal genomes all showed genomic fractionation bias, suggesting a likely allopolyploid nature of the RCT, PST and T-Alpha and T-Beta events in Tetracentron sinense. In addition, we detected that the sixteen P450 subfamilies were markedly expanded in the genomes of Ranunculales, and most of them were related to the RCT and PST events. We constructed a new platform for Early Eudicot Comparative Genomic Research (http://www.cgrpoee.top/index.html) to store more information. In summary, our findings support the WGD of C. chinensis shared by Ranunculales, which is likely an allotetraploidization event. This present effort offered new insights into the evolution of key polyploidization events and the genes related to secondary metabolites during the diversification of early eudicots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C12H12N2O8Mn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.5651(15) Å, b = 9.4169(12) Å, c = 25.634(3) Å, V = 2791.7(6) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0402, wRref(F2) = 0.1166, T = 296.15 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) has great application value as a nutritional component and the whole cell biosynthesis of 2'-FL has become the focus of current research. Yarrowia lipolytica has great potential in oligosaccharide synthesis and large-scale fermentation. In this study, systematic engineering of Y. lipolytica for efficient 2'-FL production was performed. By fusing different protein tags, the synthesis of 2'-FL was optimized and the ubiquitin tag was demonstrated to be the best choice to increase the 2'-FL production. By iterative integration of the related genes, increasing the precursor supply, and promoting NADPH regeneration, the 2'-FL synthesis was further improved. The final 2'-FL titer, 41.10 g/L, was obtained in the strain F5-1. Our work reports the highest 2'-FL production in Y. lipolytica, and demonstrates that Y. lipolytica is an efficient microbial chassis for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of evidence has highlighted the vital roles of male-specific seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) in animal sexual selection and reproduction. SFPs were proved to function as central mediators of reproductive fitness by interacting with female-derived molecules to modulate pivotal reproductive processes such as sperm competition, female receptivity, ovulation, and oogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of SFPs remain unclear. The present study reports on the hexokinase (hk) family of genes, specifically two members (hkl and hk2), in the Ophraella communa genome. While hkl was expressed in multiple tissues and did not affect fecundity, hk2 was specifically expressed in male testes and functioned as a novel and conserved SFP to enhance fertility. Furthermore, HK2 activated the expression of an Apolipophorin-like (Ap-like) gene, which is essential for beetle reproduction. The Ap-like gene activated the expression of triacylglycerol lipase (TGL), resulting in a change in the triglyceride content, which consequently affected fertility. These findings highlight a novel role of an animal HK family in SFP function. Moreover, the newly identified HK/Ap-like/TGL pathway provides new insights for future research on the SFP evolution theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-awareness is an important concept in discussions of consciousness that has received increasing attention. To our knowledge, mirror self-recognition and self-awareness has not been studied in the white-browed laughing thrush Pterorhinus sannio. In our investigation, wild Pterorhinus sannio were presented with a self-recognition test known as the mirror self-recognition test (MSR). All birds performed four different displays in front of the mirror that we call "look around", "crouch", "jump to top of the mirror", and "shake the wings". These behaviours did not occur in the absence of the mirror. These behaviours typically are directed towards other individuals this suggest that P. sannio does not recognise itself in the mirror, and it does not have the capacity of self-awareness, at least not judged from the mark mirror test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy supply, especially the transfer of lactate from astrocytes to neurons, is critical for neuronal plasticity. However, its role in the incubation of cocaine craving remains largely unknown. Using an extended-access self-administration model and in vivo ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that lactate synthesis in the central amygdala (CeA) is required for the intensified cocaine craving after prolonged withdrawal. Furthermore, incubated cocaine seeking was associated with a selective increase in monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) and MCT4 expression levels. Down-regulation of astrocytic MCT4 or neuronal MCT2 using targeted antisense oligonucleotides or cell type-specific shRNA attenuated cocaine craving and reduced the expression of plasticity-related proteins and excitatory synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, lactate administration rescued MCT4 but not MCT2 disruption-induced behavioral changes due to the inability of lactate to be transported into neurons. Together, our study highlights the critical role of astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in the CeA in the incubation of cocaine craving and suggests a potential therapeutic target for drug addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of active aging levels in Pakistani older adults is crucial yet; research tools are scarce in the local language. Therefore, this study aims to translate and validate the English version of an Active Aging Scale into a cross-culturally sensitive Urdu version to assess active aging levels in Pakistani older adults. Methods: To translate and validate the scale, we used the ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacy Economic and Outcome Research) standards. Reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminatory validity were checked on a total sample of 160 community-dwelling older adults. After two weeks, the test–retest reliability was examined. AMOS version 23 and SPSS version 23 were used to analyze the data. Results: The average content validity index for clarity was 0.91 and relevancy was 0.80. The total variance in the pilot study of all items secured > 0.3 variances except for two items scored < 0.30 that were omitted before the validity and reliability test. The remaining items explained 65.46% of the overall variation and had factor loadings ranging from 0.46 to 0.90 in the principal factor analysis (PFA). The confirmatory factor analysis of the Active Aging Scale revealed that the model fit was good with a Chi-square value (418.18 (DF = 2.2) which is less than 3.00. This is further evidenced by the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.042, goodness of fit index (GFI) of 0.92, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) of 0.94, and comparative fit index (CFI) values of 0.92 and 0.96 (unstandardized and standardized, respectively). The scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88, indicating dependability and its test–retest reliability with the significance of (P. < 0.05). Conclusion: The Urdu version of the Active Aging Scale was successfully translated and validated in a culturally sensitive manner, and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various active aging interventions for older adults in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The incidence of PTC in patients with HT is significantly elevated, and the presence of both HT and PTC contributes to a higher rate of misdiagnosis. Materials and Methods: Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the thyroid nodule gene chip dataset from GEO Datasets. Serum and clinical data from 191 patients with thyroid nodules at the affiliated hospital were collected for analysis. Experimental techniques, including real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme activity detection, were used to measure the level of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in thyroid nodule tissues and serum. Results: Thyroid nodules in patients with HT and PTC exhibit high levels of DPP4, along with elevated concentrations of soluble DPP4 in the serum. These findings demonstrate the potential predictive value of soluble DPP4 for PTC diagnosis. Conclusions: The concentration and enzymatic activity of soluble DPP4 in serum can serve as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with HT-associated PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND. There is increasing evidence, in transgenic mice and in vitro, that inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) can modulate T cell responses. Furthermore, we have previously shown that iKIRs are an important determinant of T cell--mediated control of chronic viral infection and that these results are consistent with an increase in the CD8+ T cell lifespan due to iKIR-ligand interactions. Here, we tested this prediction and investigated whether iKIRs affect T cell lifespan in humans in vivo. METHODS. We used stable isotope labeling with deuterated water to quantify memory CD8+ T cell survival in healthy individuals and patients with chronic viral infections. RESULTS. We showed that an individual's iKIR-ligand genotype was a significant determinant of CD8+ T cell lifespan: in individuals with 2 iKIR-ligand gene pairs, memory CD8+ T cells survived, on average, for 125 days; in individuals with 4 iKIR- ligand gene pairs, the memory CD8+ T cell lifespan doubled to 250 days. Additionally, we showed that this survival advantage was independent of iKIR expression by the T cell of interest and, further, that the iKIR-ligand genotype altered the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune aging phenotype. CONCLUSIONS. Together, these data reveal an unexpectedly large effect of iKIR genotype on T cell survival. FUNDING. Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council; EU Horizon 2020; EU FP7; Leukemia and Lymphoma Research; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; Imperial College Research Fellowship; National Institutes of Health; Jefferiss Trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ebola virus (EBOV) is classified as a category A pathogen as it causes viral hemorrhagic fever, one of the most-deadly virus-related diseases. Since its discovery in 1976, EBOV has caused a number of global public health incidents, which have posed a serious threat to both humans and non-human primates. Thus, numerous preventive vaccine studies are underway, including research on inactivated vaccines, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles, and several viral vector vaccines. The vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine Ervebo was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Union, and several other vaccines have also been proven to confer potent protection in non-human primates against EBOV lethal challenge. This review provides a brief background of EBOV, with a focus on the epidemiology, available animal models, and advances in preventive approaches for EBOV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • The paper aimed to explore the effect of probiotic supplementation on nutrient intake, Ghrelin, and adiponectin concentrations in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Methods • A total of 86 patients with diabetic nephropathy who received hemodialysis treatment in the Department of Nephrology of the First People’s Hospital of Shanghai from May 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects, including 52 male patients and 34 female patients, with an average age of 56.57 ± 4.28. According to the research protocol, the patients were divided into the control group (n=30) and the observation group (n=56). In the control group, dietary soybean milk was used as a placebo. In the observation group, capsules containing probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium were taken with soybean milk. All patients signed an informed consent form before being included in the study. The results of the experimental biochemical analysis and the archived data counted the general data of the patients. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured with a commercially available human enzyme immunoassay kit. Ghrelin concentrations were estimated by specific commercial methods. Correlation software was used to calculate patient nutritional intake data. Serum creatinine, insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose, and levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were measured using appropriate biochemical assays. Results •There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > .05). Before treatment, there was no difference in serum adiponectin concentration between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, the serum adiponectin concentration in the observation group was lower than in the control group (P<.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in serum ghrelin levels between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, serum ghrelin levels in the observation group were higher than in the control group (P<.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in nutrient intake between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, the nutrient intake in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < .05). Serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and HOMA-IR in the observation group were lower than in the control group (P < .05). The serum levels of malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<.05), and the levels of glutathione in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<.05). Conclusion • Supplementation of probiotics in DN dialysis patients can increase serum ghrelin concentration, increase nutrient intake through appetite regulation, and reduce adiponectin level, which is beneficial to blood sugar control, insulin resistance, and renal function. Objective • The paper aimed to explore the effect of probiotic supplementation on nutrient intake, Ghrelin, and adiponectin concentrations in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Methods • A total of 86 patients with diabetic nephropathy who received hemodialysis treatment in the Department of Nephrology of the First People’s Hospital of Shanghai from May 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects, including 52 male patients and 34 female patients, with an average age of 56.57 ± 4.28. According to the research protocol, the patients were divided into the control group (n=30) and the observation group (n=56). In the control group, dietary soybean milk was used as a placebo. In the observation group, capsules containing probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium were taken with soybean milk. All patients signed an informed consent form before being included in the study. The results of the experimental biochemical analysis and the archived data counted the general data of the patients. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured with a commercially available human enzyme immunoassay kit. Ghrelin concentrations were estimated by specific commercial methods. Correlation software was used to calculate patient nutritional intake data. Serum creatinine, insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose, and levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were measured using appropriate biochemical assays. Results •There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > .05). Before treatment, there was no difference in serum adiponectin concentration between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, the serum adiponectin concentration in the observation group was lower than in the control group (P<.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in serum ghrelin levels between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, serum ghrelin levels in the observation group were higher than in the control group (P<.05). Before treatment, there was no difference in nutrient intake between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, the nutrient intake in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < .05). Serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and HOMA-IR in the observation group were lower than in the control group (P < .05). The serum levels of malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<.05), and the levels of glutathione in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<.05). Conclusion • Supplementation of probiotics in DN dialysis patients can increase serum ghrelin concentration, increase nutrient intake through appetite regulation, and reduce adiponectin level, which is beneficial to blood sugar control, insulin resistance, and renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes with different axial lengths (ALs). Methods: In total, 742 Chinese PACG subjects with complete ophthalmic examinations were enrolled. The refractive status was categorized as myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤-0.5 D), emmetropia (-0.5 D < SE < +0.5 D), and hyperopia (SE ≥+0.5 D), whereas the AL was divided into short (AL <22.5 mm), regular (22.5 ≤ AL <23.5 mm), and long (AL ≥23.5 mm). The refractive status and ocular biometric parameters were compared among different AL groups. Results: The mean AL of the PACG eyes was 22.53 ± 0.84 mm (range: 19.68-25.57 mm). The refractive status was significantly different among different AL groups (P < 0.001). Also, 92.6% of hyperopic PACG eyes showed AL <23.5 mm, and 19.0% of myopic PACG eyes showed AL ≥23.5 mm. The SE showed significant differences among different AL groups only in the hyperopic subjects (P = 0.012). The AL was significantly longer in myopic eyes (P < 0.001). The PACG eyes with longer AL exhibited lower keratometry, longer central anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter, and lens position and relative lens position closer to the anterior (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Axial hyperopia was common in PACG eyes, and axial myopia was not uncommon. Relatively anterior lens position could explain the occurrence of PACG in the eyes with long AL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel dynamic impulse forming technology, that is, laser shock hydraulic warm free-bulging. This technology is especially suitable for low-plasticity but temperature-sensitive metal materials. Laser shock hydraulic warm free-bulging can tremendously increase the formability of materials and is often used in sheet metal forming fields. Thus, this technology expends the application area of laser shock liquid forming. In this study, AZ31B magnesium alloy foils with a thickness of 90 μm were investigated in room temperature to 393 K and in the laser energy range of 450–810 mJ. Maximal forming heights were obtained at different temperatures. Results showed that the maximal forming height of AZ31B magnesium alloy improved markedly as the temperature increased. Furthermore, the free-bulging height reached the maximum of 324.4 μm at 363 K. The height increased approximately 18% compared with that at room temperature. When the temperature exceeded 363 K, the maximal forming height decreased. Then, the microhardness and thinning ratio of the formed parts were investigated. At 363 K, the thinning ratio was also the largest, while the formed parts maintained a fine microhardness. Finally, through electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technology, the dynamic recrystallisation mechanisms and texture evolution of the formed parts at different temperatures were investigated to determine for the deformation mechanism at various temperatures. At 363 K, many fine grains and twins were obtained, improving the formability. Meanwhile, the dislocation density increased and became more uniform as the temperature increased and reached a peak at 363 K, resulting in maximal microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and marked neuroinflammation in various brain regions. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and mounting evidence has suggested an association with the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gut dysbiosis. Using a rotenone-induced PD mouse model, we observed that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) significantly improved motor deficits in PD-like mice, accompanied by an increased level of dopamine, reduced dopaminergic neuron loss, reduced microglial activation, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, and enhanced expression of neurotrophic factor in the brain. Notably, the inflammation-related expression of miR-155-5p was significantly upregulated in the proximal colon, midbrain, and striatum of PD-like mice. PS128 reduced the level of miR-155-5p, whereas it increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a direct target of miR-155-5p and a critical inhibitor of the inflammatory response in the brain. Alteration of the fecal microbiota in PD-like mice was partially restored by PS128 administration. Among them, Bifidobacterium, Ruminiclostridium_6, Bacteroides, and Alistipes were statistically correlated with the improvement of rotenone-induced motor deficits and the expression of miR-155-5p and SOCS1. Our findings suggested that PS128 ameliorates motor deficits and exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating the gut microbiota and miR-155-5p/SOCS1 pathway in rotenone-induced PD-like mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer flooding has been witnessed an effective technology for enhancing oil recovery from medium-to low-permeability reservoirs; however, direct visualization of polymer solution flow in such reservoir condition is still lacking. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) core-on-a-chip device with a permeability of around 200 mD was prepared and employed to visualize the pore-scale flow and displacement of a self-adaptive polymer (SAP, 8.7 × 106 g$mol-1)-whose microscopic association structure and macroscopic viscosity can reversibly change in response to shear action-versus partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), by recording their flow curves, monitoring dynamic transportation process via particle imaging velocimetry, and building 3D structure of remaining oil. The results show that, in singlephase flow, all polymer solutions exhibit flow thinning and then thickening regions as flow rate increases, but the transition between two regimes occurs at a small Weissenberg number (10-3-10-1) in this medium-permeable condition. In contrast to HPAM-1 with close weight-average molecular weight (Mw), the adaptive character not only extends SAP's shear-govern region, allowing SAP to propagate piece by piece and achieve higher accessible pore volume, but it also enhances the elastic resistibility of polymer in the extension-dominated regime, increasing the microscopic displacement efficiency. These two effects result in 1.5e3 times more oil recovery factor for SAP than for HPAM-1. Regarding ultra-high-Mw HPAM-2 (25 × 106 g.mol-1), plugging and chain degradation do occur, thus producing lower oil recovery than SAP. This work provides a direct approach for in-situ assessment of polymer-based displacing system under a more authentic condition of practical reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Integrated care is an important initiative to respond positively to the ageing of society and information and communication technology(ICT) plays an important role in facilitating the integration of functional and normative health and social care. The scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on the experience and practice of ICT-based implementation of integrated care for older adults. Methods: This study followed the research framework developed by Arksey and O’malley for the scoping review and systematically searched for relevant studies published between 1 January 2000 and 30 March 2022 from nine electronic databases, three specialist journals, three key institutional websites, 11 integrated care project websites, google scholar and references of the studies to be included. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and used thematic analysis to sort out and summarize the core elements, hindrances and facilitators of ICT-based integrated care. Results: A total of 77 studies were included in this study, including 36 ICT-based practice models of integrated care with seven core elements of implementation including single entry point, comprehensive geriatric assessment, personalized care planning, multidisciplinary case conferences, coordinated care, case management and patient empowerment, which generally had a positive effect on improving quality of life, caregiver burden and primary care resource utilization for older adults, but effectiveness evaluations remained Heterogeneity exists. The barriers and facilitators to ICT-based implementation of integrated care were grouped into four themes: demand-side factors, provider factors, technology factors and system factors. Conclusion: The implementation of ICT-based integrated care for the elderly is expected to improve the health status of both the supply and demand of services, but there is still a need to strengthen the supply of human resources, team training and collaboration, ICT systems and financial support in order to promote the wider use of ICT in integrated care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela Ono, 2000 are identified and described from Hunan Province, China, based on morphological characters of males and females: S. anhua Zhang & Xu, sp. nov. (♂♀), S. longhui Zhang & Xu, sp. nov. (♂♀), and S. zhongpo Zhang & Xu, sp. nov. (♂♀). All the new Songthela species belong to the multidentata-group according to male palp and female genital morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iridium-catalyzed selective amination of B(4)-H via dehydrogenative cross-coupling of B-H/N-H bonds for the synthesis of o-carborane-fused indolines has been developed for the first time. Various types of unprecedented o-carborane-fused indolines have been synthesized, which would be potential candidates for applications in drug discovery, pharmaceutical chemistry and functional materials. This work offers a valuable reference for the designing and synthesis of o-carborane-fused heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) comes with a wide range of possible design choices, such as the location and timing of the injection. Different injection strategies can yield different climate responses; therefore, making informed future decisions on SAI requires an understanding of the range of possible climate outcomes. Yet to date, there has been no systematic exploration of a comprehensive set of SAI strategies. This limits the ability to determine which effects are robust across different strategies and which depend on specific injection choices, or to determine if there are underlying trade-offs between different climate goals. This study systematically explores how the choice of SAI strategy affects climate responses. Here, we introduce four hemispherically-symmetric injection strategies, all of which are designed to maintain the same global mean surface temperature: an annual injection at the equator (EQ), an annual injection of equal amounts of SO2 at 15°N and 15° S (15N+15S), an annual injection of equal amounts of SO2 at 30°N and 30° S (30N+30S), and a polar injection strategy that injects equal amounts of SO2 at 60°N and 60° S only during spring in each hemisphere (60N+60S). We compare these four hemisphericallysymmetric SAI strategies with a more complex injection strategy that injects different quantities of SO2 at 30° N, 15° N, 15° S, and 30° S in order to maintain not only the global mean surface temperature but also its large scale horizontal gradients. We find that the choice of SAI strategy notably affects the spatial distribution of aerosol optical depths, injection efficiency, and various surface climate responses. Among other findings, we show that injecting in subtropics produces more global cooling per unit injection, with the EQ and the 60N+60S cases requiring, respectively, 59 % and 50 % more injection than the 30N+30S case to meet the same global mean temperature target. Injecting at higher latitudes results in larger equator-to-pole temperature gradients. While all five strategies restore September Arctic sea ice, the high-latitude injection one is more effective due to the SAI-induced cooling occurring preferentially at higher latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in sensory afferent activity contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain. However, it is unlikely that a single sensory receptor is entirely responsible for persistent pain. It is more probable that extended changes to multiple receptor proteins expressed by afferent neurons support persistent pain. A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 79/150 (AKAP) is an intracellular scaffolding protein expressed in sensory neurons that spatially and temporally coordinates signaling events. Since AKAP scaffolds biochemical modifications of multiple TRP receptors linked to pain phenotypes, we probed for other ionotropic receptors that may be mediated by AKAP and contribute to persistent pain. Here, we identify a role for AKAP modulation of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor (AMPA-R) functionality in sensory neurons. Pharmacological manipulation of distinct AMPA-R subunits significantly reduces persistent mechanical hypersensitivity observed during hyperalgesic priming. Stimulation of both protein kinases C and A (PKC, PKA, respectively) modulate AMPA-R subunit GluR1 and GluR2 phosphorylation and surface expression in an AKAP-dependent manner in primary cultures of DRG neurons. Furthermore, AKAP knock out reduces sensitized AMPA-R responsivity in DRG neurons. Collectively, these data indicate that AKAP scaffolds AMPA-R subunit organization in DRG neurons that may contribute to the transition from acute-to-chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For three years, COVID-19 has significantly impacted people's need satisfaction worldwide, resulting in changes in compliance with COVID-19 protocols. This study aimed to examine the change in Chinese people's need satisfaction, compliance behaviors, and their relationship and mechanisms during two periods of the pandemic. Two studies were conducted using data from two rounds of a nationwide serial survey--the Chinese Social Mentality Survey (Study 1: March 2020, 8,717 participants; Study 2: April 2022, 6,118 participants). The relationship between need satisfaction and compliance behaviors was analyzed by constructing a multiple mediations model. The model highlights two relationship pathways: one draws from the health belief model and takes an individual perspective, with negative emotions and risk perception as the mediators; the other utilizes social identity theory and takes a social perspective, with social satisfaction and risk perception as the mediators. The results showed that Chinese people's living needs changed over time, from masks to food and medicine supply, and their development needs satisfaction decreased. However, the participants still displayed high compliance toward recommended behaviors and local policies, despite being less compliant with local policies than recommended individual behaviors. In Studies 1 and 2, respectively, negative emotions had a significant indirect effect on non-recommended behaviors and individual behaviors, but an insignificant indirect effect on recommended behaviors and compliance to local policies. The indirect effects of social satisfaction were significantly stronger and positive on all kinds of behaviors in Study 2, which buffered the negative indirect effects of negative emotions and risk perception. Therefore, using exaggeration to trigger negative emotions may be ineffective in promoting behavioral compliance in China. Improving government performance is crucial, especially when a pandemic has lasted for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational: In a survey of 1101 members of vitreoretinal trained physicians regarding the use of ICG angiography during pregnancy, 434 (83%) of 520 respondents had seen at least one pregnant woman requiring ICG angiography or fluorescein angiography. One hundred and five (24%) withheld ICG angiography, mostly because of fear of teratogenicity or lawsuit. Adverse reactions to fluorescein and ICG are rare and may be classified as toxic, hypersensitivity, and non-specific. This literature review aimed to review evaluate the maternal-to-fetal transfer of ICG and resume the most recent recommendations for ICG use in its obstetric applications. Methods: The available literature was examined using PubMed-Medline, and web of science, and using the MeSH terms “fluorescein,” “Indocyanine green,” and “pregnancy” according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Results: Studies in humans demonstrated that ICG is not detectable in fetal cord blood or umbilical vein blood collected immediately after birth. ICG maternal-to-fetal transfer is slow and is safe during pregnancy. ICG in the fetus accumulates in the liver and accumulation is enhanced by the administration of OATPs or P-gp inhibitors. Conclusions: ICG’s transplacental transfer is minimal and is probably medicine-mediated, like rifampin. The placenta is an effective protective barrier to ICG’s distribution into the fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) was referred to a malignant tumor of the digestive tract originating from the epithelium of gastric mucosa. Transcription factor DLX5 was verified as an oncogene in various types of tumors, while miR-376a-3p was speculated as a tumor suppressor. Based on the bioinformatics database, we hypothesized that miR-376a participated in the regulation of GC development by targeting DLX5. Compared with adjacent tissue, a significant increase of DLX5 expression was determined in GC tissues, but the expression level is significantly reduced in miR-376a. Similar expression signature of DLX5 and miR-376a was also determined between 4 GC cells (HGC, SGC, MGC, and AGS cell lines) and GES cell line. The level of DLX5 was notably reduced in HGC and MGC cell lines after miR-376a-3p overexpression, and increased after miR-376a-3p inhibition. Then, the inhibition role of miR-376a-3p on DLX5 was further proved by dualluciferase reporter assay. Gain-of-function experiments showed that upregulation of miR-376a-3p in GC cells could inhibit the ability of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and invasion, and enhance the GC cell apoptosis level. However, these roles of miR-376a-3p could be abolished by DLX5 overexpression. This study confirmed that reduction of miR-376a-3p expression level in GC cells would lead to the increase in cell growth and invasion, indicating that upregulation of miR-376a-3p might have a potential therapeutic role on GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a key factor for the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), the leading disease in terms of global disability and fatality rates. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may be a target against CIRI and that leptin, a peptide hormone, has neuroprotective activity to mitigate CIRI. Methods: An in vitro CIRI model was induced in primary cortical neurons by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) after pretreatment with LY294002 (10 μmol/L) and/or leptin (0.4 mg/L), and cell viability, neuronal morphology and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction were evaluated. An in vivo CIRI model was established in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) after the injection of LY294002 (10 μmol/L) and/or leptin (1 mg/kg), and neurological function, infarct volume, cerebral pathological changes, the expression of ERS-related proteins and cell apoptosis were examined. Results: In vitro, leptin treatment improved the cell survival rate, ameliorated neuronal pathological morphology and alleviated OGD/R-induced ERS. In vivo, administration of leptin significantly reduced the infarct volume, neurological deficit scores and neuronal apoptosis as well as pathological alterations. In addition, leptin suppressed MCAO/R-induced ERS and may decrease apoptosis by inhibiting ERS-related death and caspase 3 activation. It also regulated expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bax in the cortex. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of leptin on ERS was significantly decreased by the effective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Conclusions: These results confirm that ERS plays an important role in CIRI and that leptin can inhibit the activation of ERS through the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby alleviating CIRI. These findings provide novel therapeutic targets for IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, related dose-dependent toxicity limits its clinical use. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new strategies for improving the clinical outcomes while reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC. In this study, we designed and synthesized epidermal growth factor (EGF)-modified doxorubicin nanoparticles (EGF@DOX-NPs) that selectively targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed in lung tumor cells. When administered in combination with low-dose X-ray radiotherapy (RT), the NPs preferentially accumulated at the tumor site due to radiation-induced outburst of the local intra-tumoral blood vessels. Compared with DOX alone, EGF@DOX-NPs significantly decreased the viability and migration and enhanced the apoptosis rates of tumor cells in vitro. Also, the EGF@DOX-NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, increasing the survival of the tumorbearing mice without apparent systemic toxic effects through RT-induced aggregation. The tumor cell proliferation was greatly inhibited in the RTþEGF@DOX-NPs group. Contrarily, the apoptosis of tumor cells was significantly higher in this group. These results confirm the promising clinical application of radiotherapy in combination with EGF@DOX-NPs for lung cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Jingchuan tablet (JCT) is a Chinese medicine prescription for treating ischaemic cerebral stroke (ICS). However, its relevant mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To unravel the intrinsic mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS. Materials and methods: 'Hongjingtian', 'chuanxiong', 'yanhusuo', 'bingpian', 'cerebral infarction', 'cerebral ischemia' or 'stroke' were used as keywords, and then components, targets and underlying mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS were analysed in TCMSP, TTD, DrugBank, STRING and Metascape databases up to June 2020. Male Sprague-Dawley rats under permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, randomly assigned as: model, sham, nimodipine (0.012 g/kg/d) and JCT (0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 g/kg/d) groups, received oral gavage administration for a week. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by detecting the proportion of cerebral infarction, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits. Bioactive components were detected by HPLC-MS. Molecular biology and computational docking were used to verify the underlying mechanisms. Results: Eighty-one components, 166 targets and HIF-1a/EPO/VEGFA pathway contributed to the anti-ICS effect of JCT. JCT treatment effectively reduced the proportion of cerebral infarction (33.13%), apoptosis rate (14.80%) and neurobehavioural score (2.00). JCT increased the protein levels of HIF-1a (0.84), EPO (0.64) and VEGFA (0.69), respectively (p<0.05). Gallic acid, salidroside, chlorogenic acid, ethyl gallate, ferulic acid and tetrahydropalmatine detected by HPLC-MS showed good interaction and binding with HIF-1a/EPO/VEGFA. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS associated with the activation of the HIF-1a/EPO/VEGFA pathway, which provided a pharmacological basis for expanding the clinical application and some scientific ideas for further research into the material basis JCT anti-ICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many resource allocation tasks involve the assignment of multiple units of a resource (e.g., money, time, labor) to multiple targets (e.g., stocks, expenditure categories, projects to be carried out). The decision-maker can either focus on the individual targets and decide how many resource units each target should receive (allocation-by-target), or focus on the individual resource units and decide which target each unit should be assigned to (allocation-by-unit). We suggest that the two allocation procedures might result in different outcomes. Specifically, we predict that the allocation-by-unit procedure leads to more variety-seeking than the allocation-by-target procedure. Nine experiments (N = 4,152) provided evidence consistent with this procedure dependence hypothesis. We further demonstrate that the effect occurs because the allocation-by-target procedure encourages people to consider the differences between targets whereas the allocation-by-unit procedure induces people to focus more on each undifferentiated unit. As a result, allocation-by-target, relative to allocation-by-unit, leads to a lower variety-seeking, which manifests as a more concentrated distribution of the resource units across the targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be connected with tumor proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and recurrence. Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA calcium voltage-gated channel subunit a1 G (CACNA1G)-antisense 1 (AS1) can function as a pro-oncogene in several types of cancer. However, the specific role and mechanism of CACNA1G-AS1 have not been fully elucidated in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the present study, CACNA1G-AS1 expression was verified in DLBCL tissues and cells by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the relationship between CACNA1G-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-3160-5p was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. After CACNA1G-AS1-knockdown and miR-3160-5p-overexpression, MTT, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess the changes in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of OCI-Ly10 and SUDHL-4 cells. In addition, in vivo experiments were performed to determine the impact of CACNA1G-AS1-knockdown on tumor growth and apoptosis. It was revealed that CACNA1G-AS1 was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues and cells and that expression of CACNA1G-AS1 was associated with the clinical stage of DLBCL. Functionally, CACNA1G-AS1-knockdown was demonstrated to increase cytotoxicity and expedite apoptosis in DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CACNA1G-AS1 could downregulate miR-3160-5p by targeting binding in DLBCL cells. Overexpression of miR-3160-5p had the same effects on the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of DLBCL cells as CACNA1G-AS1-knockdown. Overall, the present study revealed that CACNA1G-AS1-knockdown and miR-3160-5p-overexpression could prevent DLBCL carcinogenesis, which might provide novel therapeutic targets for DLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain refinement of Al–Si alloys is one of the effective methods for improving the elongation (El) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The influences of alone adding Ni (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) and complex adding Ni (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) plus 0.4%Y on the evolution of α-Al, eutectic Si, as well as mechanical performance of Al–7Si alloy, were investigated. All specimens were characterized by electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of primary α-Al was markedly decreased with increasing Ni content in Al–7Si alloy. When the Ni addition concentration increased to 1.5%, the developed dendritic α-Al were effectively refined into fine equiaxed dendrites. Rare earth Y (0.4%) plus Ni were together added to Al–7Si alloys. The results showed that complex addition of Ni plus Y had a more outstanding refinement effect of α-Al and eutectic Si than that of Ni alone addition in Al–7Si alloy. The coarse and needlelike eutectic Si was modified into fine fibrous shape, and the SDAS of α-Al was significantly reduced when 1.5%Ni plus 0.4%Y was simultaneously added to Al–7Si alloy. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance test illustrated that the El and UTS were improved to 10.8% and 217.8 MPa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of three different drugs combined with radiotherapy, viz, apatinib mesylate combined radiotherapy (group A), gemcitabine combined oxaliplatin (group B), and Huachansu capsules combined radiotherapy (group C)] in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: A total of 174 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated in Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China from June 2015 to December 2016 were randomly and evenly divided into groups A, B, and C. The incidence of adverse reactions during treatment, immune reaction, efficacy, quality of life, and survival were compared among the three groups after four courses of treatment. Results: Compared with groups B and C, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in group A (p < 0.05), but the incidence of other adverse events was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Group A showed higher response rate and disease control rate, higher CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ levels and QOL scores, as well as lower CD8+ level in peripheral blood after treatment than groups B and C (p < 0.05). Group A also exhibited longer median OS and median PFS, and higher 2-year survival than groups B and C (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Among the three different drug treatments combined with radiotherapy, apatinib mesylate combined radiotherapy enhanced efficacy and quality of life, and lengthen the survival time of advanced pancreatic cancer patients. However, additional clinical trials are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 3D MnO 2 /rGO hybrid aerogel synthesised for acetaminophen adsorptive separation. • Acetaminophen adsorption equilibrium data matched closely to Langmuir isotherm. • The maximum adsorption capacity for acetaminophen was 252.87 mg/g. • Highest adsorption was at 0.6 g/L dosage, 6.2 initial pH and 40°C temperature. • Relatively high regeneration efficiency for four cycles using acetone eluent. Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO 2 /rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO 2 growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO 2 nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO 2 /rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO 2 /rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO 2 /rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common clinical endometrial disease, which can severely damage the fertility and quality of life in women. This study aims to find the differentially expressed endogenous peptides and their possible roles in IUA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the peptidomic profiling of IUA tissues, and the differentially expressed peptides were screened out. Using real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry staining, the function of six endogenous peptides was verified in vitro. It was found that peptide 6 (T6) (peptide sequence: TFGGAPGFPLGSPLSSVFPR) could inhibit the expression of TGF-ß1-induced cell fibrosis in human endometrial stromal cell line and primary human endometrial stromal cell at a concentration of 50 µmol/L. This study provides new targets for further clarifying the formation and prevention of IUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This experiment aimed to study the bactericidal effect of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS)-erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser on Enterococcus faecalis in curved root canals. Materials and methods: Sixty-two molars with moderately curved roots (10°-20°) and 62 molars with severely curved roots (25°-40°; one root was selected in each tooth) were assigned to group A and group B, respectively. A curved root canal model with E. faecalis infection was established. Four samples were used for sterility test, and 20 samples were used for testing if the modeling was valid. The remaining 100 samples were randomly divided into 5 subgroups (A1/A2/A3/A4/A5 and B1/B2/B3/B4/B5, n = 10) and treated as follows: A1/B1: PIPSEr: YAG laser +5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); A2/B2: passive ultrasonic irrigation +5.25% NaOCl; A3/B3: PIPS-Er:YAG laser+normal saline (NS); A4/B4: two-hole root canal irrigator +5.25% NaOCl; A5/B5: two-hole root canal irrigator+NS. After treatment, bacterial culture counts and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were carried out for each subgroup, and the bacterial clearance rate of each subgroup was calculated. SPSS 23 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data, and a single-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the subgroups. Results: The bacterial clearance rate in group A was higher than that in group B; however, in each group, A or B, there were significant differences between the subgroups (p < 0.001) except for subgroups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). SEM revealed that the antibacterial and smear layer removal effect of root canal in subgroups 1 and 2 was better than that in subgroups 3, 4, and 5. Conclusions: PIPS-Er:YAG can significantly enhance the bactericidal effect of NaOCl on E. faecalis in moderately and severely curved root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reported that the usage of estrogen and/or progesterone increases the risk of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) with conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to higher elucidate the relationship between hormones and MGH. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan-fang database were searched for studies until April 28, 2021. Nine related studies were included in the present meta-analysis. We found that the usage of estrogen and/or progesterone had a significant association with increasing the risk of MGH (RR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.15, p =.000). The subgroup results showed that the risk of MGH increased in the Mix population (RR = 1.72, CI: 1.58–1.88, p <.001) but no significant difference in the Asian population. Meanwhile, as for using estrogen plus progesterone (EPP) and postmenopausal women the risk of MGH, respectively, increased (RR = 1.74, CI: 1.22–2.47, p =.002) and (RR = 1.75, CI: 1.24–2.47, p =.001) but no significant different for using estrogen alone and premenopausal women. This study findings indicated that using estrogen and/or progesterone might increase the risk of MGH in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze the effect of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block on shoulder arthroscopic surgery in elderly patients. Methods: This retrospective study conducted at Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, investigated clinical data from elderly patients receiving shoulder arthroscopy between January 2020 and June 2021. Based on the treatment, patients were retrospectively divided into Group-I (remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine) and Group-II (remifentanil continuous pump injection). Hemodynamic indices, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), degree of pain (VAS score), and stress response marker levels were examined prior to the operation and at various time points post-operation. Operation time and adverse reaction incidences were also evaluated. Results: There was no significant differences in MAP and HR between the two groups prior to the operation. However, MAP and HR levels were lower in Group-I patients at three time points post-operation. Similarly, VAS scores were not different between the two groups prior to the operation but were much lower in Group-I at multiple time points post-operation. The same trend was observed for the stress-induced angiotensin-II, cortisol, and aldosterone. Additionally, patients in Group-I had lower incidence of adverse reactions and shorter operation time. Conclusion: Remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block in elderly patients can maintain hemodynamic stability, shorten operation time, reduce the degree of stress reaction, pain caused by invasive operation, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric liquefaction technology has been used widely and is an effective way of biomass component utilization. In this paper, the liquefied products obtained from corn stalk using polyhydric alcohols 1,2-propanediol (PG) mixed diethylene glycol (DEG) through acid catalysis under atmosphere pressure were characterized by various analytical technologies. The results indicated that 39 kinds of organic compounds were present in bio-oil, among which alcohols were the most, phenols were the second, and their relative contents were 70.7% and 25.6%, respectively. There were also some organic acids, ethers, esters, and ketones. More than 80% of these compounds had a carbon number less than 25. Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13C-NMR) showed that different chemical shifts d (ppm) corresponded to various carbon types. The chemical composition of the residue from liquefaction was complex and contained a certain amount of large molecular substances that were difficult to degrade. It required more severe pyrolysis conditions than those of corn stalk. Results from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated the destruction of crystalline structure of carbohydrates and the cellulose molecules were cracked, indicating that the cellulose was degraded and the degree of liquefaction was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study designed a questionnaire to investigate the influences of digital twin (DT) technology on ubiquitous learning effect based on the relevant theory. The influences of four subsystems (virtual-reality symbiotic system, information transmission system, intelligent control system and teaching support system) of DT technology on ubiquitous learning effect were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the overall Cronbach a of the designed questionnaire is 0.850, KMO is 0.785, and the corresponding P-value is 0.000, indicating the good reliability and validity of the questionnaire. All four subsystems (information transmission system > teaching support system > intelligent control system > virtual-reality symbiotic system) of DT technology have significantly positive influences on the ubiquitous learning effect. The obtained conclusions have important references to construct personalized DT learning space, facilitate construction of digital campus, accelerate deep integration of intelligent technologies into education reform, and promote personalized learning of learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants have evolved the adaptive capacity to mitigate the negative effect of external adversities at chemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. This capacity is conferred by triggering the coordinated action of internal regulatory factors, in which sugars play an essential role in the regulating chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence under various stresses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the senescent-associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relation to chlorophyl degradation, oxidative damage, photosynthesis inhibition, programmed cell death (PCD), and sink-source relation as affected by abiotic stresses. The action of sugar signaling in regulating the initiation and progression of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses involves interactions with various plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and protein kinases. This discussion aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network and molecular mechanisms that underline sugar-induced leaf senescence in response to various abiotic stresses. The imperative role of sugar signaling in regulating plant stress responses potentially enables the production of crop plants with modified sugar metabolism. This, in turn, may facilitate the engineering of plants with improved stress responses, optimal life span and higher yield achievement. • Sugars play an essential role in the regulations of leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling by inducing reactive oxygen species burst. • Sugar signaling interact with plant hormones and protein kinase to regulates leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses target sugar signaling to regulate photosynthesis inhibition and programmed cell death (PCD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolutionmodels have become widely available to study ocean's small-scale processes. Although thesemodels simulates more turbulent ocean dynamics and reduces uncertainties of parameterizations, they are not practical for long-term simulations, especially for climate studies. Besides scientific research, there are also growing needs from key applications for multi-resolution, flexible modeling capabilities. In this study we introduce the Ocean Modeling with Adaptive REsolution (OMARE), which is based on refactoring NEMO with a parallel computing framework of JASMIN. OMARE supports adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) for the simulation of the multi-scale ocean processes with improved computability. We construct an idealized, double-gyre test case, which simulates a western-boundary current system with seasonally changing atmospheric forcings. This paper (part 1) focuses on the ocean physics simulated by OMARE at two refinement scenarios: (1) 0.5°-0.1° with static refinement and the transition from laminar to turbulent, eddy rich ocean, and (2) short-term 0.1°-0.02° AMR experiments which focus on submesoscale processes. Specifically, for the first scenario, we show that the ocean kinematics on the refined, 0.1° region is sensitive to the choice of refinement region within the low-res., 0.5° basin. Furthermore, for the refinement to 0.02°, we adopt refinement criteria for AMR based on surface velocity and vorticity. Results show that temporally changing features at the ocean's mesoscale, as well as submesoscale process and its seasonality, are well captured through AMR. Related topics and future plans of OMARE, including overlaying in AMR, are further discussed for further oceanography studies and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural allocolchicine and analogues derived thereof a tricyclic 6-7-6-system have been found as key scaffold of various biologically relevant molecules. However, the direct preparation of the allocolchicine motif remains difficult to date. Herein, we report on an electrooxidative radical cyclization of biarylynones with various carbon- and heteroatom-centered radical precursors via a sequential radical addition/7-endo-trig/radical cyclization domino reaction. This approach provides a step-economical and strategically novel disconnection for the facile assembly of a wide range of carbocyclic 6-7-6 fused ring systems. Remarkably, the sulfonyl group on the products could be easily removed by photocatalysis at room temperature with high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oyster mushrooms have a high biological efficiency and are easy to cultivate, which is why they are produced all over the world. Cap color is an important commercial trait for oyster mushrooms. Little is known about the genetic mechanism of the cap color trait in oyster mushrooms, which limits molecular breeding for the improvement of cap color-type cultivars. In this study, a 0.8-Mb major quantitative trait locus (QTL) region controlling cap color in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae was mapped on chromosome 7 through bulked-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and extreme-phenotype genome-wide association studies (XP-GWAS). Candidate genes were further selected by comparative transcriptome analysis, and a tyrosinase gene (PcTYR) was identified as the highest-confidence candidate gene. Overexpression of PcTYR resulted in a significantly darker cap color, while the cap color of RNA interference (RNAi) strains for this gene was significantly lighter than that of the wild-type (WT) strains, suggesting that PcTYR plays an essential role in cap color formation. This is the first report about fine mapping and functional verification of a gene controlling cap color in oyster mushrooms. This will enhance our understanding of the genetic basis for cap color formation in oyster mushrooms and will facilitate molecular breeding for cap color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results from a series of stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests on the undisturbed marine silty clay, silt, and fine sand soils obtained from the Bohai Sea, China. Emphasis is placed on the major factors for predominating the dynamic shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (λ) in the shear strain amplitude (γa) from 10−5 to 10−2, involving depth, sedimentary facies types, and water content of marine soils. The empirical equations of the small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) and damping ratio (λmin) using a single-variable of depth H are established for the three marine soils. A remarkable finding is that the curves of shear modulus reduction (G/Gmax) and the damping ratio (λ) with increasing γa of the three marine soils can be simply determined through a set of explicit expressions with the two variables of depth H and water content W. This finding is validated by independent experimental data from the literature. At the similar depths, the G value of the marine soils of terrestrial facies is the largest, followed by the neritic facies, and the G value of the marine soils of abyssal facies is the smallest. The sedimentary facies types of the marine soils have slight effect on the λ value. Another significant finding is that the shear modulus reduction curves plotted against the γa of the three marine soils at the similar depths are significantly below those of the corresponding terrigenous soils, while the damping curves plotted against γa are just the opposite. The results presented in this paper serve as a worthful reference for the evaluation of seabed seismic site effects in the Bohai Sea due to lack of experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated anchorage behavior of geopolymer-grouted rock bolts. Pull-out tests were conducted on rock bolts grouted by geopolymer mortar (GM), geopolymer paste (GP), and cement mortar (CM), respectively. The effect of grout, type of bolts, spacing of bolts, and anchorage depth on anchorage performance was examined. Experimental results have shown that GM achieves better bond than GP and CM under a constant water binder ratio of 0.4. Deformed bolts grouted by GM and GP exhibit a nominal bond strength 2.4 and 1.6 times higher than the plain round ones, respectively. Bolt spacing of more than 150 mm exerts little influence in the anchorage performance. Increasing anchorage depth contributes to both loading capacity and ductility, while reduces nominal bond strength of deformed bolts. The critical anchorage depth ensuring tensile failure of bolts is 12d for both GM-grouted and GP-grouted bolts. GM-grouted deformed bolts with minimum anchorage depth of 12d and bolt spacing of 150 mm are proposed for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the absolute stability of a class of singularly perturbed Lur'e systems with an interval time-varying delay and sector-bounded nonlinearity. By constructing a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF), the absolute stability criteria are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). One numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data stream mining is one of the hot topics in data mining. Most existing algorithms assume that data stream with concept drift is balanced. However, in real-world, the data streams are imbalanced with concept drift. The learning algorithm will be more complex for the imbalanced data stream with concept drift. In online learning algorithm, the oversampling method is used to select a small number of samples from the previous data block through a certain strategy and add them into the current data block to amplify the current minority class. However, in this method, the number of stored samples, the method of oversampling and the weight calculation of base-classifier all affect the classification performance of ensemble classifier. This paper proposes a dynamic weighted selective ensemble (DWSE) learning algorithm for imbalanced data stream with concept drift. On the one hand, through resampling the minority samples in previous data block, the minority samples of the current data block can be amplified, and the information in the previous data block can be absorbed into building a classifier to reduce the impact of concept drift. The calculation method of information content of every sample is defined, and the resampling method and updating method of the minority samples are given in this paper. On the other hand, because of concept drift, the performance of the base-classifier will be degraded, and the decay factor is usually used to describe the performance degradation of base-classifier. However, the static decay factor cannot accurately describe the performance degradation of the base-classifier with the concept drift. The calculation method of dynamic decay factor of the base-classifier is defined in DWSE algorithm to select sub-classifiers to eliminate according to the attenuation situation, which makes the algorithm better deal with concept drift. Compared with other algorithms, the results show that the DWSE algorithm has better classification performance for majority class samples and minority samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]