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Abstract To realize high‐power inductive power transfer (IPT) for fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs), an input‐series output‐parallel (ISOP) multi‐channel IPT system is analysed in this paper, and an output control strategy based on single neuron controller is proposed to improve the stability of the system. Firstly, the steady‐state operating conditions of ISOP‐IPT system is analysed based on different compensation networks which shows that the constant‐voltage‐output compensation networks are more suitable for the proposed circuit structure. Then, to improve the voltage equalization between channels, an open‐loop control method combining parameter design and phase‐shift control is proposed against different coil misalignments. At the same time, based on the single neuron controller, the system output closed‐loop control is realized without the need of accurate system modelling. Finally, a three‐channel ISOP‐IPT experimental system was constructed, which operated stably at 2.9 kW with a power efficiency of 93.38%. The system closed‐loop control with control time of 22 ms is realized. The voltage equalization control offset is less than 1%.

Abstract Burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress negatively impact the well-being and retention of healthcare professionals. The interplay of these symptoms is understudied. Utilizing network analysis, this study examined the interrelationships among these symptom clusters in clinical therapists in China. An anonymous survey was conducted among clinical therapists from 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS), while symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed via the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Analyses were performed to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms of this network. A total of 419 participants were included in this survey. The prevalence rate for burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.8%, 22.2%, 17.9%, and 8.6%, respectively. Network analysis indicated that stress symptoms had the highest expected influence values, closely followed by emotional exhaustion from MBI-HSS. Notably, emotional exhaustion emerged as the strongest bridge of expected influence. The stability of the expected influence and bridge expected influence was robust, with coefficients at 0.75. The study’s findings underscore the importance of recognizing the central symptoms and bridge symptoms, which could lead to more effective early detection and intervention for burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress among clinical therapists.

Abstract Background Halo-pelvic traction (HPT) is acknowledged for enhancing pulmonary function and reducing neurological complications in severe and rigid scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis. While its role in improving coronal balance is established, its impact on sagittal kyphosis remains under-researched. This study aims to assess HPT’s effects on sagittal alignment in these conditions. Methods A retrospective review of 37 patients with severe and rigid scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis was conducted to evaluate HPT’s efficacy. The analysis focused on the impact of HPT on coronal and sagittal parameters, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and complications. Radiographic assessments included main cobb angle in coronal, sagittal major kyphosis. Results HPT was applied for an average of 2.9 months, significantly reducing the primary coronal curve from 127.7°±30.3° to 74.9°±28.3° (P

Abstract Background Surgery for adnexal mass does occur in pregnant women and therefore the choice of surgery during pregnancy needs to be carefully considered and studied. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of Laparo-endoscopic Single-site Surgery (LESS) for adnexal mass during pregnancy and investigate the perioperative condition, pregnancy complications, and obstetric outcomes of operative women during pregnancy. Methods This study retrospectively collected medical records and surgery videos of 20 pregnant women who underwent LESS for adnexal mass between November 2019 and January 2022. Baseline characteristics, operative-related variables, and pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results LESS for adnexal mass was successfully performed in 20 pregnant women, with very satisfactory surgery outcomes reported in all cases. The average gestational age at operation was 15+2 weeks (range, 5+1- 25+4 weeks). The median operative time was 80.8 min (range, 40 -185 min) and the average operative bleeding was 28.0 ml (range, 10–50 ml). The average VAS of 24 h postoperatively was 1 (range, 0–2), and the average length of hospital stay was 5.15 days (range, 3–7 days). All these women delivered a healthy newborn at full term except 1 woman induced abortion for her own reasons at 16+5 weeks gestational age (GA). The average GA of delivery was 39+1 weeks (range, 37–40+1 weeks), the average birth weight was 3228.95 g (range, 2740–3930 g), and the average Apgar score at 5 min was 9.95 (range, 9–10). Conclusions LESS for adnexal mass is safe and feasible for pregnant women.

Gastroesophageal reflux related chronic cough (GERC), is a common type of chronic cough. Drug treatment is the first choice. But some patients are tired of taking medicine everyday and some patients can not benefit from drugs. For these patients, fundoplication may be the most effective method. However, the importance of fundoplication in treating GERC is undervalued, and there is very few meta-analysis looking into the effect and safety of fundoplication in treating GERC. To solve this question, we performed this meta-analysis. The PRISMA strategy was used for this study. Our study was registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021251072). We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases from 1990 to December of 2022. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14. After selection and exclusion, 15 articles out of 672 were included. The meta-analysis showed that the cure rate of laparoscopic fundoplication in treating GERC was 58% (95%CI: 52%–65%), with I2 = 45%; and the effective rate was 86% (95%CI: 80%–93%), with I2 = 0%. Laparoscopic fundoplication is effective for the most of GERC patients; however, when the goal is to cure GERC completely, a relatively conservative attitude should be taken. In terms of safety, laparoscopic fundoplication is quite reliable offered by skilled surgeons.

Abstract The temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity is generally regulated by plant community structure and species diversity. There are recurring debates on the mechanisms by which environmental changes impact productivity stability in semiarid steppes. Here we revealed that plant community structure, rather than species diversity, regulates productivity stability in a semiarid Steppe. We conducted a decade-long in situ warming and precipitation addition experiment in a semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, to monitor plant productivity, species asynchrony, species diversity, and stability. We found that Leymus chinensis productivity increased and the Shannon–Wiener decreased under warming conditions, while Stipa krylovii productivity decreased under precipitation addition. Warming reduced the stability of Stipa krylovii and the plant community stability, whereas it did not affect the stability of L. chinensis. These results deepen our understanding of the regulatory role played by community structure and species diversity regarding productivity stability in semiarid steppes.

The extraction and purification methods of polysaccharides from edible fungi determine their structure, which in turn affects their biological activity, and is the basis of research on edible fungi polysaccharides. Some specific structural features make the biological activity of edible mushroom polysaccharides significantly enhanced. Therefore, researchers have used physical, biological and chemical methods to modify the molecular structure of edible mushroom polysaccharides to improve their biological activity. The review introduced the extraction, purification and structural modification methods of edible fungi polysaccharides. The advantages and disadvantages of extraction, purification of polysaccharides from edible fungi, and the effects of chemical modification on their structure and biological activity were summarized. The importance of appropriate extraction and purification methods for obtaining the target polysaccharides and the importance of chemical modification methods for changing the molecular structure and improving the functional properties and biological activities of polysaccharides from edible fungi were prospected.

Abstract In this study, pure V6O13 and nickel ion-doped V6O13 powders were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal-calcination method, and their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and mechanisms were investigated. The crystal structure, morphology, and chemical state of the powders were thoroughly analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV–Vis. Their antimicrobial properties and mechanisms were evaluated by the ring of inhibition, bio-SEM, live-dead cell staining, ROS detection, and protein leakage experiments. The results showed that nickel ion doping modulated the oxygen defects of V6O13, generating more reactive oxygen species and leading to more severe oxidative stress, resulting in a broad-spectrum and highly efficient antimicrobial effect. This study also revealed the antimicrobial mechanism based on oxygen defect -induced ROS production, which caused cellular oxidative stress damage, leading to leakage of intracellular substances and cell death. This study not only demonstrates the potential of V6O13 as an efficient antimicrobial agent but also provides a strong experimental basis and theoretical support for the engineering design and optimization of novel antimicrobial materials by modulating material defects through ion doping.

Abstract Enhancing drought tolerance in crops and understanding the underlying mechanisms have been subject of intense research. The precise function and molecular mechanisms of B-box zinc finger proteins (BBX) remain elusive. Here, we report a natural allele of BBX18 (BBX18 TT ) that encodes a C-terminal truncated protein. While most wild tomato germplasms contain the BBX18 CC allele and show more drought tolerant, modern cultivated tomatoes mostly carry BBX18 TT allele and are more drought sensitive. Knockout of BBX18 leads to improved drought tolerance in transgenic plants of cultivated tomato. Ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) is identified as a BBX18-interacting protein that acts as a positive regulator of drought resistance in tomato. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses reveal that BBX18 binds to a unique cis-acting element of the APX1 promoter and represses its gene expression. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying drought resistance mediated by the BBX18-APX1 module in plants.

Abstract Background Carboxylesterase 1(CES1) is expressed mainly in the liver and adipose tissue and is highly hypothesized to play an essential role in metabolism. Our study aimed to investigate the association between CES1 and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children with obesity in China. Methods This study included 72 children with obesity aged 6-13years (including 25(35%) diagnosed as MetS and 36(50%) diagnosed as MASLD). All subjects were measured in anthropometry, serum level of biochemical parameters related to obesity, circumstance levels of insulin-like growth factor1, adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and growth differentiation factor 15) and CES1. Results Higher serum CES1 level were found in the MetS group (P = 0.004) and the MASLD group (P

Abstract Background Delirium, marked by acute cognitive decline, poses a life-threatening issue among older individuals, especially after cardiac surgery, with prevalence ranging from 15 to 80%. Postoperative delirium is linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Although clinical trials suggest preventability, there is limited research on intranasal insulin (INI) for cardiac surgery-related delirium. INI has shown promise in managing cognitive disorders. It rapidly elevates brain hormone levels, enhancing memory even in non-impaired individuals. While effective in preventing delirium in gastrointestinal surgery, its impact after cardiac surgery remains understudied, especially for middle-aged patients. Method This is a prospective randomized, double-blind, single-center controlled trial. A total of 76 eligible participants scheduled for elective on-pump cardiac surgery will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either receive Intranasally administered insulin (INI) or intranasally administered normal saline. The primary outcome of our study is the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD). Secondary outcomes include duration of ICU, postoperative hospital length of stay, all in-hospital mortality, the change in MMSE scores pre- and post-operation, and incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation. Moreover, we will subjectively and objectively evaluate perioperative sleep quality to investigate the potential impact of nasal insulin on the development of delirium by influencing sleep regulation. Discussion Our study will aim to assess the impact of intranasal administration of insulin on the incidence of postoperative delirium in middle-aged patients undergoing on-pump elective cardiac surgery. If intranasal insulin proves to be more effective, it may be considered as a viable alternative for preventing postoperative delirium. Trial registration ChiCTR ChiCTR2400081444. Registered on March 1, 2024.

A metal-free, efficient and easy-to-hand protocol for the synthesis of 2-perfluoroalkylquinazolins has been achieved by Eosin B catalyzed radical cascade arylation/cyclization reaction of fluorinated imidoyl isothiocyanates with aryldiazonium Salts. A variety of highly functionalized quinozaline derivatives bearing pharmaceutically important thiol and fluoroalkyl groups were efficiently assembled with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. A series of mechanism experiments indicate that this reaction undergoes a radical cascade arylation/cyclization pathway.

Introduction: Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a Hippo signaling pathway effector, maintains the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the role of TAZ in tubular cell survival and acute kidney injury (AKI) remains largely unknown. Methods: We used the RNA-seq database, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to examine TAZ expression in kidneys from cisplatin-induced AKI. We generated tubular-specific TAZ knockout mice to assess the role of TAZ in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry followed standard procedures. Results: TAZ was activated in tubular cells in kidneys injected with cisplatin. Conditional deletion of TAZ in tubular cells confers ferroptosis resistance and protects kidneys from cisplatin-induced AKI, whereas overexpression of TAZ(S89A) exacerbates cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Inhibition of ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 potently preserves renal function and alleviates morphological injury and tubular cell ferroptosis induced by cisplatin. Mechanistically, in a PPARδ-dependent manner, but not TEAD, TAZ reduces the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), thus exacerbating cisplatin-induced ferroptosis. Conclusions: Our findings show that cisplatin-induced AKI and tubular cell ferroptosis are mediated by TAZ-PPARδ interaction through regulation of GPX4, highlighting TAZ as a potential therapeutic candidate for AKI.

Abstract The study introduces a method for identifying the location of receiver coils within a multi‐transmitter IPT system that utilizes shared transmitter coils. In contrast to the conventional receiver coil position recognition methods, this approach eliminates the need for additional detection coils and position sensors. Identifying the location of the receiver coil in a multi‐transmitter IPT system is achieved through the concurrent optimization of the transmitter coil and its electrical characteristics. The study presents the design of coil grouping and control mechanisms for a 3×3 multi‐transmitter. A mathematical model has been developed for the mutual inductance between receiver and transmitter coils on the X–Y plane. Adaptive cooperative particle swarm optimizer (ACPSO) facilitates the identification of mutual inductance and load parameters in a multi‐transmitter IPT system, positioning the receiver coil in a 2D plane using genetic particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) and a mutual inductance mathematical model. The discrepancy in accuracy between the receiver coil's test coordinates and the absolute coordinates remains below 3.5%.

Abstract Objective Employing whole‐exome sequencing (WES) technology to investigate the etiology of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS), and determining whether different etiologies exhibit phenotypic variations, while elucidating the potential associated factors, might improve short‐term responses to first‐line treatment. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients with IESS admitted for treatment between January 2018 and June 2023. Clinical phenotypic differences among etiological classifications and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Variable selection using the best subset method was performed, followed by logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing treatment response. Results A total of 577 patients were included; 412 completed trio‐WES. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were detected in 387 patients (67.1%). Patients with etiology as structural abnormalities were likelier to have non‐spasms at the initial seizure onset. A total of 532 patients completed the first‐line treatment; 273 patients received it for the first time at our hospital (initial response rates: 30.1% and 42.1%, respectively). The response group had a lower proportion of early‐onset seizures (≤3 months) than the no‐response group (11.3% vs. 23.7%, p

Abstract Radiation-free one-stage bedside endoscopic stone removal and biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis (SAC) caused by choledocholithiasis in intensive care unit (ICU) has not been reported. Herein, we introduce our preliminary experience of such intervention. Radiation-free bedside digital cholangioscope-assisted one-stage endoscopic stone removal and biliary drainage was performed in an urgent manner. Data on clinical outcomes and follow-up from thirty patients were retrospectively analyzed. Time interval was 7.6 ± 4.7 (2–18) h between ICU admission and endoscopic intervention, and was 35.5 ± 14.5 (5–48) h between the seizure and endoscopic intervention. A 100% technical success was achieved. Except for one mild pancreatitis, no other complication occurred. Patients showed good responses to endoscopic interventions, which were reflected by ameliorated disease severities and laboratory findings. Time lengths of ICU stay and total in-hospital stay were 8.7 ± 4.9 (2–23) days and 14.5 ± 7.4 (5–39) days, respectively. In-hospital mortality occurred in three patients. According to a 6-month follow-up, two patients died of pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction. No SAC and/or biliary stone residual occurred. The current intervention demonstrated favorable results compared to traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Our study provides a novel bedside endoscopic intervention method for SAC caused by choledocholithiasis.

Abstract Background Pain management is an important part of nursing care for children. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the impact of virtual reality (VR) technology on alleviating the pain and anxiety experienced by children during venipuncture procedures. Methods This study searched Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipu and China biomedical databases on the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of virtual reality technology for relieving pain and anxiety associated with venous puncture for children up to July 6, 2024. Risk of bias tool recommended by Cochrane library was used to evaluate the RCT quality. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 10 RCTs involving 874 children were included. 429 children received VR intervention during vein puncture. VR was beneficial to reduce the children’s self-reported pain scores [SMD=-0.48, 95% CI (− 0.61, − 0.35)], children’s caregivers reported needle-related pain level [SMD=-0.93, 95% CI (-1.45, − 0.42)], children’s self-reported anxiety scores [SMD=-0.45, 95% CI (− 0.65, − 0.25)], children’s caregivers reported needle-related anxiety level [SMD=-0.47, 95% CI (− 0.73, − 0.21)]. Egger regression tests indicated that there were no publication biases in the synthesized outcomes (all P > 0.05). Conclusions VR technology has been shown to effectively mitigate the pain and anxiety experienced by children during venipuncture. Despite the positive findings, more research is needed to better understand the role of VR in children undergoing venipuncture.

Abstract Background DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is the most abundant base modification in animals. However, 5mC levels vary widely across taxa. While vertebrate genomes are hypermethylated, in most invertebrates, 5mC concentrates on constantly and highly transcribed genes (gene body methylation; GbM) and, in some species, on transposable elements (TEs), a pattern known as “mosaic”. Yet, the role and developmental dynamics of 5mC and how these explain interspecies differences in DNA methylation patterns remain poorly understood, especially in Spiralia, a large clade of invertebrates comprising nearly half of the animal phyla. Results Here, we generate base-resolution methylomes for three species with distinct genomic features and phylogenetic positions in Annelida, a major spiralian phylum. All possible 5mC patterns occur in annelids, from typical invertebrate intermediate levels in a mosaic distribution to hypermethylation and methylation loss. GbM is common to annelids with 5mC, and methylation differences across species are explained by taxon-specific transcriptional dynamics or the presence of intronic TEs. Notably, the link between GbM and transcription decays during development, alongside a gradual and global, age-dependent demethylation in adult stages. Additionally, reducing 5mC levels with cytidine analogs during early development impairs normal embryogenesis and reactivates TEs in the annelid Owenia fusiformis. Conclusions Our study indicates that global epigenetic erosion during development and aging is an ancestral feature of bilateral animals. However, the tight link between transcription and gene body methylation is likely more important in early embryonic stages, and 5mC-mediated TE silencing probably emerged convergently across animal lineages.

To clarify the mechanical characteristics of tight sandstone in the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin, and address field issues in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development, triaxial compression experiments were used to quantitatively study the patterns of changes in rock mechanical properties influenced by confining pressure, fluid, and loading rate, with a preliminary analysis of their causes. The results showed that the maximum principal stress difference and elastic modulus of the sandstone samples increased significantly with confining pressure. The micro-reason was that the increase in confining pressure reduced the distance between particles inside the rock, enhancing the rock's cohesion and making particle dispersion less likely. Sandstone samples exhibited a progression from brittleness under low confining pressure to brittle-ductile transformation, and to ductile deformation under high confining pressure. Compared with dry sandstone samples, the reduction in the elastic modulus of samples soaked in pure water, 150 g/L solution, 250 g/L solution, and 350 g/L solution were 67.71%, 61.45%, 64.69%, and 57.32%, respectively, with pure water soaking causing the greatest reduction. Increasing fluid salinity could mitigate the weakening trend in rock mechanical parameters. Crystallization on crystal surfaces and changes in the electric double layer thickness were important controlling factors for these patterns. At lower loading rates, the values for maximum principal stress difference, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the sandstone samples were smaller, but they increased faster with increasing loading rates. When the loading rate reached a certain critical value (around 0.05 mm/min in this experiment), the rate of increase in rock mechanical parameters slowed down.

Abstract The inactivation of natural enzymes by radiation poses a great challenge to their applications for radiotherapy. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with high structural stability under such extreme conditions become a promising candidate for replacing natural enzymes to shrink tumors. Here, we report a CuN3-centered SAzyme (CuN3-SAzyme) that exhibits higher peroxidase-like catalytic activity than a CuN4-centered counterpart, by locally regulating the coordination environment of single copper sites. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the CuN3 active moiety confers optimal H2O2 adsorption and dissociation properties, thus contributing to high enzymatic activity of CuN3-SAzyme. The introduction of X-ray can improve the kinetics of the decomposition of H2O2 by CuN3-SAzyme. Moreover, CuN3-SAzyme is very stable after a total radiation dose of 500 Gy, without significant changes in its geometrical structure or coordination environment, and simultaneously still retains comparable peroxidase-like activity relative to natural enzymes. Finally, this developed CuN3-SAzyme with remarkable radioresistance can be used as an external field-improved therapeutics for enhancing radio-enzymatic therapy in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study provides a paradigm for developing SAzymes with improved enzymatic activity through local coordination manipulation and high radioresistance over natural enzymes, for example, as sensitizers for cancer therapy.

The end of the Ordovician witnessed major perturbations in the ecosystem, seriously affecting global marine biodiversity. Nevertheless, some marine organism groups and their crisis-bound palaeogeographic distribution are still understudied. Among the outliers are eunicid polychaetes, even though they flourished and diversified extensively during the Ordovician. A collection of seven genera of jaw-bearing polychaetes, including the new ramphoprionid genus Spitiprion Tonarová, Suttner, & Hints, with type new species of Spitiprion khannai Tonarová, Suttner, & Hints, is described here from Katian (Upper Ordovician) deposits of Spiti, northern India. The new species is preserved as isolated maxillae and a jaw cluster, and 3D models of the maxillary apparatus are reconstructed based on submicron-CT. Along with the scolecodonts, a low-diversity assemblage of chitinozoans was recovered, comprising five genera. The most common chitinozoan species are Acanthochitina cf. cancellata and Spinachitina suecica.

Abstract Background Acer truncatum Bunge is an economic, ecological, oil, and medicinal tree, and its kernel oil is rich in nervonic acid. It is crucial to explore the transcriptional expression patterns of genes affecting fatty acid synthesis to improve the quality of Acer truncatum oil. Results This study used the seeds from high fatty acid strain YQC and those from low fatty acid strain Y38 as the test materials. Specifically, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Y38 seeds and YQC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two time points (seeds 30 days after the blooming period and 90 days after the blooming period). Compared with YQC_1 (YQC seeds at 30 days after the blooming period), a total of 3,618 DEGs were identified, including 2,333 up-regulated and 1,285 downregulated DEGs in Y38_1 (Y38 seeds at 30 days after blooming period). In the Y38_2 (Y38 seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) versus YQC_2 (YQC seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) comparison group, 9,340 genes were differentially expressed, including 5,422 up-regulated and 3,918 down-regulated genes. The number of DEGs in Y38 compared to YQC was significantly higher in the late stages of seed development. Gene functional enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. And two fatty acid synthesis-related genes and seven nervonic acid synthesis-related genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusions This study provides a basis for further research on biosynthesizing fatty acids and nervonic acidnervonic acids in A. truncatum seeds.

The ongoing evolution and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2, alongside the potential threat of SARS-CoV-1 and other sarbecoviruses, underscore the urgent need for effective strategies against their infection and transmission. This study highlights the discovery of nanobodies from immunized alpacas, which demonstrate exceptionally broad and potent neutralizing capabilities against the recently emerged and more divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including JD.1.1, JN.1, KP.3, KP.3.1.1, as well as SARS-CoV-1 and coronaviruses from bats and pangolins utilizing receptor ACE2. Among these, Tnb04-1 emerges as the most broad and potent, binding to a conserved hydrophobic pocket in the spike's receptor-binding domain, distinct from the ACE2 binding site. This interaction disrupts the formation of a proteinase K-resistant core, crucial for viral-cell fusion. Notably, intranasal administration of Tnb04-1 in Syrian hamsters effectively prevented respiratory infection and transmission of the authentic Omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant. Thus, Thb04-1 holds promise in combating respiratory acquisition and transmission of diverse sarbecoviruses.

ObjectiveTo establish a predictive model for distinguishing testicular benign or yolk sac tumors in children.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data for 119 consecutive patients with unilateral testicular tumors treated at a single institution from June 2014 to July 2020. The patients were divided into the benign (n = 90) and yolk sac (n = 29) tumor groups based on the pathological diagnosis. We recorded patient age, serum markers [serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin], and tumor ultrasonic findings (maximum diameter, ultrasonic echo, blood flow signal). Predictive factors were identified using descriptive statistical methods. A nomogram was established for preoperative prediction. An additional 46 patients were used as a validation cohort to verify the model.ResultsPatients with testicular yolk sac tumors were younger (median age: 14.0 vs. 34.0 months, P = 0.001) and had a higher incidence of elevated AFP levels (93.1% vs. 2.2%, P

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major hindrance to clinical cancer treatment. Owing to their high tumorigenic and metastatic potential, CSCs are vital in malignant tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, leading to tumorigenesis and recurrence. Compared with normal tumor cells, CSCs express high levels of surface markers (CD44, CD90, CD133, etc.) and activate specific signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog). Although Current drug delivery systems (DDS) precisely target CSCs, the heterogeneity and multidrug resistance of CSCs impede CSC isolation and screening. Conversely, hydrogel DDSs exhibit good biocompatibility and high drug delivery efficiency. Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures for drug encapsulation that facilitate the controlled release of bioactive molecules. Hence, hydrogels can be loaded with drugs to precisely target CSCs. Their 3D structure can also culture non-CSCs and facilitate their transformation into CSCs. for identification and isolation. Given that their elastic modulus and stiffness characteristics reflect those of the cellular microenvironment, hydrogels can simulate extracellular matrix pathways and markers to regulate CSCs, disrupting the equilibrium between CSC and non-CSC transformation. This article reviews the CSC microenvironment, metabolism, signaling pathway, and surface markers. Additionally, we summarize the existing CSC targeting strategies and explore the application of hydrogels for CSC screening and treatment. Finally, we discuss potential advances in CSC research that may lead to curative measures for tumors through targeted and precise attacks on CSCs.

Summary: Background: The worldwide geographical and temporal variation in the prevalence of diabetes represents a challenge, but also an opportunity for gaining etiological insights. Encompassing the bulk of East Asians, a large and distinct proportion of the world population, China can be a source of valuable epidemiological insights for diabetes, especially in early life, when pathophysiology begins. We carried out a nationwide, epidemiological survey of Prevalence and Risk of Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) in China, from 2017 to 2019, to estimate the population-based prevalence of diagnosed pediatric diabetes and screen for undiagnosed pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: PRODY was a nation-wide, school population-based, cross-sectional, multicenter survey by questionnaire, fasting urine glucose test and simple oral glucose tolerance test (s-OGTT), among a total number of 193,801 general-population children and adolescents (covered a pediatric population of more than 96.8 million), aged 3–18, from twelve provinces across China. The prevalence of the self-reported pediatric diabetes, the proportion of subtypes, the crude prevalence of undiagnosed T2D and prediabetes in general juvenile population and the main risk factors of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes had been analyzed in the study. Findings: The prevalence of all self-reported pediatric diabetes was estimated at 0.62/1000 (95% CI: 0.51–0.74), with T1D at 0.44/1000 (95% CI: 0.35–0.54) and T2D at 0.18/1000 (95% CI: 0.13–0.25). For undiagnosed T2D, the crude prevalence was almost ten-fold higher, at 1.59/1000, with an estimated extra 28.45/1000 of undiagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 53.74/1000 of undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose (IFG) by s-OGTT screening. Maternal diabetes history is the major risk factors for all subtypes of pediatric diabetes in China. Interpretation: The PRODY study provides the first population-based estimate of the prevalence of pediatric diabetes China and reveals a magnitude of the problem of undiagnosed pediatric T2D. We propose a practical screening strategy by s-OGTT to address this serious gap. Funding: The National Key Research and Development Programme of China, Key R&D Program of Zhejiang, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Disciplines of Medicine, Key R&D Program Projects in Zhejiang Province.

BackgroundThe existence and reasons for the weekend effect in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were not yet fully identified. This study aimed to evaluate whether weekend admission was independently associated with in-hospital mortality and the possible mechanisms associated with the IHD patients.MethodsThe study was a retrospective study, including IHD patients from 2015 to 2023. The International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) codes were used to identify all admissions with a primary diagnosis of IHD. The sample was divided into weekday and weekend groups. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis and a mediation analysis to estimate the effect of weekend admission on hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 18,906 IHD patients were included in the study, with an average age of 63.8 ± 12.7. Of these patients, 21.7% (n = 4,102) were admitted over the weekend. The in-hospital 30-days mortality rate was significantly higher among the patients admitted at weekends compared with those admitted at weekdays (2.0% vs. 1.1%). Respectively, the 30-day mortality rate of patients admitted on weekends was higher compared to patients admitted on weekdays among patients with surgical treatment (2.34% vs. 1.06%, OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.23–2.42) and with emergency admission (3.48% vs. 2.59%, OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.05–2.28). Mediation analyses showed that the surgical scheduling had significant mediated effects on the associations of admission time with mortality risk.ConclusionsIHD patients with a surgical therapy or admitted from emergency department had a significantly higher risk of mortality when admitted on weekends compared to weekdays. These findings have potential implications for resource allocation and redistribution of surgery to weekends in hospitals.

Abstract Background Previous studies have highlighted the crucial role of Wnt7B in the development of various cancers, including breast, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. However, research into the involvement of Wnt7B is often confined to specific tumor types, with a noticeable lack of comprehensive studies spanning multiple cancer forms. The potential of Wnt7B as a diagnostic or prognostic cancer biomarker has not been fully explored. Methods In this study, we combined bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry analyses to examine the expression patterns and functions of Wnt7B in cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues across a range of tumors. Results Our data indicate that Wnt7B may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in certain cancers. Conclusion We found significant upregulation of Wnt7B expression levels in the majority of cancer cases examined. Furthermore, Wnt7B can influence cancer prognosis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and tumor stemness, among other factors. Additionally, we examined the associations between anticancer drug sensitivity and Wnt7B expression, which could aid in the development of more precise clinical therapies.

Summary: Background: Cholelithiasis-induced acute cholangitis (CIAC) is an acute inflammatory disease with poor prognosis. This study aimed to create machine-learning (ML) models to predict the outcomes of patients with CIAC. Methods: In this retrospective cohort and ML study, patients who met the both diagnosis of ‘cholangitis’ and ‘calculus of gallbladder or bile duct’ according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9th revision, or met the diagnosis of ‘calculus of bile duct with acute cholangitis with or without obstruction’ according to the ICD 10th revision during a single hospitalization were included from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database, which records patient admissions to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA, USA, spanning June 1, 2001 to November 16, 2022. Patients who were neither admitted in an emergency department nor underwent biliary drainage within 24 h after admission, had an age of less than 18, or lost over 20% of the information were excluded. Nine ML methods, including the Logistic Regression, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Adaptive Boosting, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Multi–Layer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine were applied for prediction of in-hospital mortality, re-admission within 30 days after discharge, and mortality within 180 days after discharge. Patients from Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University in China between January 1, 2019 and July 30, 2023 were enrolled as an external validation set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was the main index for model performance assessment. Findings: A total of 1156 patients were included to construct models. We performed stratified analyses on all patients, patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who underwent biliary drainage during ICU treatment. 13–16 features were selected from 186 variables for model training. The XGBoost method demonstrated the most optimal predictive efficacy, as evidenced by training set AUROC of 0.996 (95% CI NaN–NaN) for in-hospital mortality, 0.886 (0.862–0.910) for re-admission within 30 days after discharge, and 0.988 (0.982–0.995) for mortality within 180 days after discharge in all patients, 0.998 (NaN–NaN), 0.933 (0.909–0.957), and 0.988 (0.983–0.993) in patients admitted to the ICU, 0.987 (0.970–0.999), 0.908 (0.873–0.942), and 0.982 (0.971–0.993) in patients underwent biliary drainage during ICU treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, in the internal validation set, the AUROC reached 0.967 (0.933–0.998) for in-hospital mortality, 0.589 (0.502–0.677) for re-admission within 30 days after discharge, and 0.857 (0.782–0.933) for mortality within 180 days after discharge in all patients, 0.963 (NaN–NaN), 0.668 (0.486–0.851), and 0.864 (0.757–0.970) in patients admitted to the ICU, 0.961 (0.922–0.997), 0.669 (0.540–0.799), and 0.828 (0.730–0.925) in patients underwent biliary drainage during ICU treatment, respectively. The AUROC values of external validation set consisting of 61 patients were 0.741 (0.725–0.763), 0.812 (0.798–0.824), and 0.848 (0.841–0.859), respectively. Interpretation: The XGBoost models could be promising tools to predict outcomes in patients with CIAC, and had good clinical applicability. Multi-center validation with a larger sample size is warranted. Funding: The Technological Development Program of Nanjing Healthy Commission, and Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Construction Funds.

BackgroundIntegrated traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine is an effective method to treat tuberculosis (TB). In our previous research, traditional Chinese medicine preparation NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) achieved obvious anti-TB effects in animal experiments and clinical practice. However, the action mechanism of NBXH has not been elucidated.MethodPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected to extract mRNA and differentially expressed (DE) genes were obtained using gene microarray technology. Finally, GEO databases and RT-qPCR were used to verify the results of expression profile.ResultAfter MTB infection, most upregulated DE genes in mice were immune-related genes, including cxcl9, camp, cfb, c4b, serpina3g, and ngp. Downregulated DE genes included lrrc74b, sult1d1, cxxc4, and grip2. After treatment with NBXH, especially high-dose NBXH, the abnormal gene expression was significantly corrected. Some DE genes have been confirmed in multiple GEO datasets or in pulmonary TB patients through RT-qPCR.ConclusionMTB infection led to extensive changes in host gene expression and mainly caused the host’s anti-TB immune responses. The treatment using high-dose NBXH partially repaired the abnormal gene expression, further enhanced the anti-TB immunity included autophagy and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and had a certain inhibitory effect on overactivated immune responses.

BackgroundCervical cancer stands as one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, yet the precise functions of host genes implicated in its pathogenesis remain elusive. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a significant association between the CLPTM1L locus and cervical cancer risk in European women, and aberrant expression of CLPTM1L has been noted in various malignant tumors. However, the role of CLPTM1L in cervical cancer remains largely unexplored.MethodsThe expression of CLPTM1L in cervical cancer cells and tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the potential biological functions of CLPTM1L in the context of cervical cancer were explored via RNA sequencing. Cell proliferation rates and the responsiveness of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, while cell apoptosis was quantified through the utilization of flow cytometry. Nude mouse xenograft models were utilized to explore the impact of CLPTM1L on tumor formation in vivo.ResultsOur findings demonstrated a significant increase in CLPTM1L mRNA expression levels in HeLa and C33A cells, as well as in cervical carcinoma tissues, compared to ECT1/E6E7 cells and adjacent normal tissues. Genes related to CLPTM1L were found to be enriched in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that reducing CLPTM1L expression markedly inhibited cell proliferation via downstream candidate genes BOC and LRP2. Furthermore, the downregulation of CLPTM1L was found to enhance cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis and increase the susceptibility of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin through DAP1.ConclusionsCLPTM1L could impact cervical cancer cell proliferation and cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis, as well as cisplatin susceptibility in cervical cancer cells. This investigation has bestowed upon us novel insights into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, underscoring the potential of CLPTM1L as a promising target for chemotherapeutic sensitization in the management of this malignancy.

Background: This study aims to explore the efficacy of Relaxation Response Meditation Training (RRMT) on elderly individuals with different levels of vividness of visual imagery. Methods: In this randomized controlled, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial, we recruited a total of 136 elderly individuals who were over 60 years with nonorganic sleep disorders to participate in a 4-week RRMT intervention from October 2020 to October 2022. The intervention occurred twice a week, totaling eight times. These individuals were divided into high and low groups based on the vividness of visual imagery, and then randomly assigned to either the control or intervention groups, as follows: low-visualizers intervention group (LI group); low-visualizers control group (LC group); high-visualizers intervention group (HI group); high-visualizers control group (HC group). Their social and psychological parameters were assessed before and after the intervention by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Revised Piper's fatigue scale (RPFS), General well-being scale (GWB), and Satisfaction rating. The alpha waves of patients were also collected through electroencephalogram to assess their level of relaxation. Results: Compared to the LI group, the HI group had a greater reduction rate in the PSQI score [25.2 % (18.8 % to 31.7 %), P

Cu–3Zr alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and two-stage thermomechanical process, and the microstructure evolution and properties were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of as-sintered Cu–3Zr alloy is consisted of the coarse Cu–Zr intermetallic compounds and equiaxed Cu grains. After extrusion, the second phase is smaller in cross section, while deformation texture of the Cu matrix can be seen from longitudinal section. After further drawing, the Cu grains are elongated and the Cu–Zr intermetallic phase is broken into fine particles. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and electrical conductivity are 593 MPa, 684 MPa, and 74%IACS, which are respectively increased by 38%, 34% and 21% as compared to the as-sintered Cu–3Zr alloy. Phase analysis and microstructural characterization demonstrate that the Cu5Zr, Cu8Zr3, and Cu10Zr7 precipitates are uniformly distributed in the Cu matrix. Cu5Zr/Cu and Cu8Zr3/Cu are combined in the form of coherent relation. Cu10Zr7/Cu are combined in the form of semi-coherent relation. The enhanced mechanical properties can be attributed to the multiple synergistical strengthening effect. The elongated Cu grains and fine Cu–Zr precipitation phases block the movement of dislocation, resulting in the remarkable enhancement of strength. Moreover, the elongated Cu grains can provide fast channel for the electron transport, giving rise to simultaneous increase of the electrical conductivity.

Abstract Compared with those in adenocarcinoma, PIK3CA mutations are more common in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which arises from stratified squamous epithelia that are usually exposed to adverse environmental factors. Although hotspot mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA, including E542K, E545K, H1047L and H1047R, are frequently encountered in the clinic, their clinicopathological meaning remains to be determined in the context of SCC. Considering that few reviews on PIK3CA mutations in SCC are available in the literature, we undertook this review to shed light on the clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations, mainly regarding the implications and ramifications of PIK3CA mutations in malignant cell behavior, prognosis, relapse or recurrence and chemo- or radioresistance of SCC. It should be noted that only those studies regarding SCC in which PIK3CA was mutated were cherry-picked, which fell within the scope of this review. However, the role of mutated PIK3CA in adenocarcinoma has not been discussed. In addition, mutations occurring in other main members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway other than PIK3CA were also excluded.

Abstract To address the limitations of traditional photothermal therapy (PTT)/ photodynamic therapy (PDT) and real-time cancer metastasis detection, a pH-responsive nanoplatform (NP) with dual-modality imaging capability was rationally designed. Herein, 1 H,1 H-undecafluorohexylamine (PFC), served as both an oxygen carrier and a 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were grafted onto the pH-responsive peptide hexahistidine (H6) to form H6-PFC-ICG (HPI). Subsequently, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, gambogic acid (GA), was incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) modified HPI (HHPI), yielding the ultimate HHPI@GA NPs. Upon self-assembly, HHPI@GA NPs passively accumulated in tumor tissues, facilitating oxygen release and HA-mediated cell uptake. Once phagocytosed by lysosomes, protonation of H6 was triggered due to the low pH, resulting in the release of GA. With near-infrared laser irradiation, GA-mediated decreased HSP90 expression and PFC-mediated increased ROS generation amplified the PTT/PDT effect of HHPI@GA, leading to excellent in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacies. Additionally, the fluorescence and 19F MRI dual-imaging capabilities of HHPI@GA NPs enabled effective real-time primary cancer and lung metastasis monitoring. This work offers a novel approach for enhanced cancer phototherapy, as well as precise cancer diagnosis.

Abstract Concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTCs) are important elements in the construction sector and predictive analysis of their behavior is essential. Recent works have revealed the potential of metaheuristic-assisted approximators for this purpose. The main idea of this paper, therefore, is to introduce a novel integrative model for appraising the axial compression capacity (P u ) of CFSTCs. The proposed model represents an artificial neural network (ANN) supervised by satin bowerbird optimizer (SBO). In other words, this metaheuristic algorithm trains the ANN optimally to find the best contribution of input parameters to the P u . In this sense, column length and the compressive strength of concrete, as well as the characteristics of the steel tube (i.e., diameter, thickness, yield stress, and ultimate stress), are considered input data. The prediction results are compared to five ANNs supervised by backtracking search algorithm (BSA), earthworm optimization algorithm (EWA), social spider algorithm (SOSA), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and wind-driven optimization. Evaluating various accuracy indicators showed that the proposed model surpassed all of them in both learning and reproducing the P u pattern. The obtained values of mean absolute percentage error of the SBO-ANN was 2.3082% versus 4.3821%, 17.4724%, 15.7898%, 4.2317%, and 3.6884% for the BSA-ANN, EWA-ANN, SOSA-ANN, SSA-ANN and WDA-ANN, respectively. The higher accuracy of the SBO-ANN against several hybrid models from earlier literature was also deduced. Moreover, the outcomes of principal component analysis on the dataset showed that the yield stress, diameter, and ultimate stress of the steel tube are the three most important factors in P u prediction. A predictive formula is finally derived from the optimized SBO-ANN by extracting and organizing the weights and biases of the ANN. Owing to the accurate estimation shown by this model, the derived formula can reliably predict the P u of concrete-filled steel tube columns.

Abstract Analyzing the stability of footings is a significant step in civil/geotechnical engineering projects. In this work, two novel predictive tools are suggested based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the bearing capacity of a footing installed on a two-layered soil mass. To this end, backtracking search algorithm (BSA) and equilibrium optimizer (EO) are employed to train the ANN for approximating the stability value (SV) of the system. After executing a set of finite element analyses, the settlement values lower/higher than 5 cm are considered to indicate the stability/failure of the system. The results demonstrated the efficiency of these algorithms in fulfilling the assigned task. In detail, the training error of the ANN (in terms of root mean square error—RMSE)) dropped from 0.3585 to 0.3165 (11.72%) and 0.2959 (17.46%) by applying the BSA and EO, respectively. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of the ANN climbed from 93.7 to 94.3% and 94.1% (in terms of area under the receiving operating characteristics curve—AUROC). A comparison between the elite complexities of these algorithms showed that the EO enjoys a larger accuracy, while BSA is a more time-effective optimizer. Lastly, an explicit mathematical formula is derived from the EO-ANN model to be conveniently used in predicting the SV.

Summary: Background: The anatomical parameters of the superficial temporal artery branches were measured by a three-dimensional measurement method to provide anatomical reference for relevant clinical operations. Methods: Seventy original images were selected who had cranial CTA examination. The patients were aged 30–79 years, with an average of 60.0 years, including 32 females and 38 males. After reconstructing the superficial temporal artery by professional medical 3D reconstruction software, its anatomical parameters were measured. Results: The length of the secondary branches of the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery were 47.6 ± 23.6 mm and 37.3 ± 21.6 mm in males and females, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. The length of the secondary branches of the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery were 39.6 ± 20.4 mm and 49.2 ± 20.3 mm in young and middle-aged people and older people respectively, which were statistically different. The remaining measures were not statistically different across gender and age groups. The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery was divided into three types, and the parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery was divided into two types. Conclusions: The anatomical parameters of the superficial temporal artery branches can be accurately measured by means of 3D visualization, providing an anatomical reference for relevant clinical operations.

The rising prevalence of viral-induced diseases, particularly those caused by certain strains, poses a substantial risk to the genetic diversity of Solanaceae crops and the overall safety of horticultural produce. According to the “gene-for-gene” hypothesis, resistance proteins are capable of selectively identifying nontoxic effectors produced by pathogens, as they are under purview of the host’s immune defenses. The sensitivity and responsiveness of Solanaceae plants to viral attacks play a crucial role in shaping the outcomes of their interactions with viruses. Pathogenic organisms, devise an array of infection tactics aimed at circumventing or neutralizing the host’s immune defenses to facilitate effective invasion. The invasion often accomplishes by suppressing or disrupting the host’s defensive mechanisms or immune signals, which are integral to the infection strategies of such invading pathogens. This comprehensive review delves into the myriad approaches that pathogenic viruses employ to infiltrate and overcome the sophisticated immune system of tomatoes. Furthermore, the review explores the possibility of utilizing these viral strategies to bolster the resilience of horticultural crops, presenting a hopeful direction for forthcoming progress in plant health and agricultural stability.

ABSTRACTShort text semantic similarity is a crucial research area in nature language processing, which is used to predict the similarity between two sentences. Due to the sparsity features of short texts, words are isolated in the sentence and the correlations of words are ignored, it is very difficult to calculate the global semantic information. Based on this, short text semantic graph (STSG) model based on dependency parsing and pre-trained language models is proposed in this paper. It utilizes the syntactic information to obtain word dependency relationships and incorporate it into pre-trained language models to enhance the global semantic information of sentences. So it can address the semantic sparsity more effectively. A text semantic graph layer based on the graph attention network (GAT) is also realized, which regards word vectors as node features and word dependency as edge features. The attention mechanism of GAT can identify the importance of different word correlations and solve the word dependency modeling effectively. On the challenging short text semantic benchmark dataset MRPC, the STSG model achieves an F1-score of .946, which is further improved 2.16% over previous SOTA approaches. At the time of writing, STSG has achieved a new SOTA performance on the MRPC dataset.

Due to coastal development expansion, an increasing influx of pollutants enters the sea through riverine input and land runoff, threatening coastal ecosystems and posing a risk of eutrophication. In this study, trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn), and nutrients (constituents of N, P, and Si) were assessed in the summer surface seawater of Yantai Sishili Bay (YSB), Northern China focusing on the determination of concentration, spatial-temporal distribution and sources identification, while exploring their correlations. It also aimed to clarify the eutrophication status and evaluate the linear relationships between eutrophication, trace metals, and nutrients in YSB. Over three years (2021–2023), the total dissolved concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn ranged from 4.79–26.71, 0.19–6.41, 0.26–1.53, and 0.74–13.12 µg/L, respectively. Concurrently, nutrient concentrations including NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, PO43-, and DSi exhibited a range of 0.37–11.66, 2.04–178.30, 1.69–70.01, 0.02–16.68, and 0.02–0.71 µg/L respectively. These concentrations revealed a gradual decrease from nearshore to offshore and the temporal variation also showed significant patterns from year to year, indicating distinct regional variations. The primary contributors to the trace metals and nutrients in the study region were recognized as external contributions stemming from natural, anthropogenic, and atmospheric deposition through correlation and principal component analysis. More specifically, riverine input and coastal farming contributed large amounts of nutrients to coastal waters, threatening a potential risk of eutrophication. The eutrophication evaluation expressed below the mild eutrophication level and was far lower than the other global and Chinese bays. The linear correlation between eutrophication and trace metals revealed a weak positive correlation but a significant correlation with nutrients. Despite the absence of significant eutrophication in the bay, potential risks were identified due to identifiable sources of nutrient and trace metal inputs. The findings provided insights to guide efforts in preventing and mitigating coastal eutrophication, as well as nutrient and trace metal pollution, in coastal cities.

Recently, KTaO3 (KTO)-based 5d two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), characterized by robust spin–orbit coupling, have emerged as promising candidates for future spintronic devices. However, the carrier mobility of KTO-based 2DEGs is typically lower than that of SrTiO3-based 2DEGs, which limits their further development. It is imperative to explore the underlying causes of diminished carrier mobility and devise strategies to augment it. In addition, the genesis of magnetism within KTO-based 2DEGs remains ambiguous. In this study, the 2DEG within the amorphous-EuTiO3/KTO (a-ETO/KTO) heterostructure demonstrates a high electron mobility of 289.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which exhibits a significant decrease as the film growth temperatures increase. This decrease can be primarily ascribed to electron scattering by impurities, which is induced by the amplified interfacial element interdiffusion at a higher film growth temperature. In addition, the magnetism of 2DEGs for samples grown at different temperatures shows an increasing trend with growth temperatures, which is predominantly derived from the interdiffusion of Eu atoms. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the origin of magnetic ordering and reduced mobility in KTO-based 2DEGs, which will promote the further development of 2DEGs for future applications in electronic devices.

Two eggplant cultivars (Brigitte and Dalong) were stored under ambient conditions for 8 days to examine the postharvest quality and shelf life. Results indicated that the respiration rate, firmness and springiness, and nutritional quality of both eggplant cultivars decreased with the extension of shelf life. On the contrary, opposite trends were observed in weight loss, gumminess, and chewiness of eggplant fruits. In addition, the weight loss of ‘Brigitte’ eggplant fruits was 3.3% and 6.9% lower compared with ‘Dalong’ eggplant fruits at 4 and 8 days after storage. Thicknesses of epidermal cells and the stratum corneum, the epicuticular wax content of ‘Brigitte eggplant fruits increased by 42.9%, 766.7%, and 58.8% compared with ‘Dalong’ eggplant fruits, respectively, with a concomitant increase in the dense wax layer structure. In conclusion, the storage tolerance of ‘Brigitte’ eggplant fruits was higher than that of ‘Dalong’ eggplant fruits due to the higher epicuticular wax content and dense wax layer structure.

Abstract The use of trastuzumab emtansine (T‐DM1) has revealed significant efficacy in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, optimal therapeutic strategies following T‐DM1 failure remain a subject of debate in clinical practice. In this multicenter, retrospective, real‐world study, we sought to examine the effectiveness and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a therapeutic strategy in HER2‐positive MBC who developed T‐DM1 resistance. Between September 2018 and December 2022, 66 patients were enrolled. The median progression‐free survival of TKIs‐based therapy was 10.1 months (95% CI, 4.7–15.6). Objective response rate and clinical benefit rate were 18.2 and 66.7%, respectively. TKIs‐based therapy demonstrated better effectiveness in patients who had previously derived benefit from T‐DM1 and featured acquired resistance to trastuzumab. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (36, 54.5%), hand‐foot syndrome (31, 47.0%), and leucopenia (30, 45.5%). In conclusion, TKIs‐based therapy showed promising effectiveness and safety in HER2‐positive MBC patients after T‐DM1 failure.

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric illness with complex clinical manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction may underlie OC symptoms. The frontoparietal network (FPN) is a key region involved in cognitive control. However, the findings of impaired FPN regions have been inconsistent. We employed meta-analysis to identify the fMRI-specific abnormalities of the FPN in OCD.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched to screen resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies exploring dysfunction in the FPN of OCD patients using three indicators: the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation/fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF/fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). We compared all patients with OCD and control group in a primary analysis, and divided the studies by medication in secondary meta-analyses with the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm.ResultsA total of 31 eligible studies with 1359 OCD patients (756 men) and 1360 healthy controls (733 men) were included in the primary meta-analysis. We concluded specific changes in brain regions of FPN, mainly in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, BA9), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA47), left superior temporal gyrus (STG, BA38), right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, BA29), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL, BA40) and bilateral caudate. Additionally, altered connectivity within- and between-FPN were observed in the bilateral DLPFC, right cingulate gyrus and right thalamus. The secondary analyses showed improved convergence relative to the primary analysis.ConclusionOCD patients showed dysfunction FPN, including impaired local important nodal brain regions and hypoconnectivity within the FPN (mainly in the bilateral DLPFC), during the resting state. Moreover, FPN appears to interact with the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) through pivotal brain regions. Consistent with the hypothesis of fronto-striatal circuit dysfunction, especially in the dorsal cognitive circuit, these findings provide strong evidence for integrating two pathophysiological models of OCD.

Abstract Deep penetration and downregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in multimodal synergistic therapy are promising approaches for curing cancer in clinical trials. However, free small‐molecule drugs and most drug vehicles have a low delivery efficiency deep into the tumor owing to poor drug penetration and hypoxic conditions at the tumor site. In this study, the objective is to use reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive supramolecular gels co‐loaded with the photosensitizer Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (ZnPCS4) and functionalized tetrahedral DNA (TGSAs) (G@P/TGSAs) to enhance deep tissue and cell penetration and block the HSP90 pathway for chemo‐ photodynamic therapy (PDT) ‐ photothermal therapy (PTT) trimodal synergistic therapy. The (G@P/TGSAs) are injected in situ into the tumor to release ZnPCS4 and TGSAs under high ROS concentrations originating from both the tumor and PDT. TGSAs penetrate deeply into tumor tissues and augment photothermal therapy by inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Proteomics show that HSP‐related proteins and molecular chaperones are inhibited/activated, inhibiting the HSP90 pathway. Simultaneously, the TGSA‐regulated apoptotic pathway is activated. In vivo study demonstrates efficient tumor penetration and excellent trimodal synergistic therapy (45% tumor growth inhibition).