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1. Genomic characterization and virulence gene profiling of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from widespread muskox mortalities in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Author: Lakshmi Vineesha Seru, Taya L. Forde, Amélie Roberto-Charron, Fabien Mavrot, Yan D. Niu, and Susan J. Kutz
Subjects: Arctic, Ovibos moschatus, Epidemic, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Virulence genes, Pathogenicity islands, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Muskoxen are important ecosystem components and provide food, economic opportunities, and cultural well-being for Indigenous communities in the Canadian Arctic. Between 2010 and 2021, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from carcasses of muskoxen, caribou, a seal, and an Arctic fox during multiple large scale mortality events in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. A single strain (‘Arctic clone’) of E. rhusiopathiae was associated with the mortalities on Banks, Victoria and Prince Patrick Islands, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada (2010–2017). The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize the genomes of E. rhusiopathiae isolates obtained from more recent muskox mortalities in the Canadian Arctic in 2019 and 2021; (ii) identify and compare common virulence traits associated with the core genome and mobile genetic elements (i.e. pathogenicity islands and prophages) among Arctic clone versus other E. rhusiopathiae genomes; and iii) use pan-genome wide association studies (GWAS) to determine unique genetic contents of the Arctic clone that may encode virulence traits and that could be used for diagnostic purposes. Results Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the newly sequenced E. rhusiopathiae isolates from Ellesmere Island, Nunavut (2021) also belong to the Arctic clone. Of 17 virulence genes analysed among 28 Arctic clone isolates, four genes – adhesin, rhusiopathiae surface protein-A (rspA), choline binding protein-B (cbpB) and CDP-glycerol glycerophosphotransferase (tagF) – had amino acid sequence variants unique to this clone when compared to 31 other E. rhusiopathiae genomes. These genes encode proteins that facilitate E. rhusiopathiae to attach to the host endothelial cells and form biofilms. GWAS analyses using Scoary found several unique genes to be overrepresented in the Arctic clone. Conclusions The Arctic clone of E. rhusiopathiae was associated with multiple muskox mortalities spanning over a decade and multiple Arctic islands with distances over 1000 km, highlighting the extent of its spatiotemporal spread. This clone possesses unique gene content, as well as amino acid variants in multiple virulence genes that are distinct from the other closely related E. rhusiopathiae isolates. This study establishes an essential foundation on which to investigate whether these differences are correlated with the apparent virulence of this specific clone through in vitro and in vivo studies.
Published: 2024
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2. Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Endovascular Therapy Effectiveness for Unruptured Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms

Author: Sergio A. Pineda‐Castillo, Evan R. Jones, Keely A. Laurence, Lauren R. Thoendel, Tanner L. Cabaniss, Yan D. Zhao, Bradley N. Bohnstedt, and Chung‐Hao Lee
Subjects: endovascular therapy, flow diverters, Guglielmi detachable coils, intracranial aneurysms, Woven EndoBridge, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Currently, endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is limited by low complete occlusion rates. The advent of novel endovascular technology has expanded the applicability of endovascular therapies; however, the superiority of novel embolic devices over the traditional Guglielmi detachable coils is still debated. We performed a systematic review of literature that reported the Raymond–Roy occlusion classification (RROC) rates of modern endovascular devices to determine their immediate and follow‐up occlusion effectivenesses for the treatment of unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms. Methods A search was conducted using electronic databases (PUBMED, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science). We retrieved studies published between 2000 and 2022, reporting immediate and follow‐up RROC rates of subjects treated with different endovascular intracranial aneurysm therapies. We extracted demographic information of the treated patients and their reported angiographic RROC rates. Results A total of 80 studies from 15 countries were included for data extraction. The RROC rates determined from angiogram were obtained for 21 331 patients (72.5% women, pooled mean age: 58.2 [95% CI]: 56.8–59.6), harboring 22 791 aneurysms. The most frequent aneurysm locations were the internal carotid artery (46.4%, 95% CI: 41.9%–50.9%), the anterior communicating artery (26.4%, 95% CI: 22.5%–30.8%), the middle cerebral artery (24.5%, 95% CI: 19.2%–30.8%), and the basilar tip (14.4%, 95% CI: 11.3%–18.3%). The complete occlusion probability (RROC‐I) was analyzed for Guglielmi detachable coils, the Woven EndoBridge, and flow diverters. The RROC‐I rate was the highest in balloon‐assisted coiling (73.9%, 95% CI: 65.0%–81.2%) and the lowest in the Woven EndoBridge (27.8%, 95% CI: 13.2%–49.2%). The follow‐up RROC‐I probability was homogenous in all analyzed devices. Conclusion We observed that the coil‐based endovascular therapy provides acceptable rates of complete occlusion, and these rates are improved in balloon‐assisted coils. Out of the analyzed devices, the Woven EndoBridge exhibited the shortest time to achieve >90% probability of follow‐up complete occlusion (∼18 months). Overall, the Guglielmi detachable coils remain the gold standard for endovascular treatment of unruptured saccular aneurysms.
Published: 2024
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3. Auction market placement and a rest stop during transportation affect the respiratory bacterial microbiota of beef cattle

Author: Muhammed Salah Uddin, Karen S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Matthew Waldner, Daniela M. Meléndez, Yan D. Niu, and Trevor W. Alexander
Subjects: auction market, bovine respiratory disease, rest stops, transportation, respiratory microbiota, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant health problem in beef cattle production, resulting in considerable economic losses due to mortalities, cost of treatment, and reduced feed efficiency. The onset of BRD is multifactorial, with numerous stressors being implicated, including transportation from farms to feedlots. In relation to animal welfare, regulations or practices may require mandatory rest times during transportation. Despite this, there is limited information on how transportation and rest stops affect the respiratory microbiota.ResultsThis study evaluated the effect of cattle source (ranch-direct or auction market-derived) and rest stop duration (0 or 8 h of rest) on the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its relationship to stress response indicators (blood cortisol and haptoglobin) of recently weaned cattle transported for 36 h. The community structure of bacteria was altered by feedlot placement. When cattle were off-loaded for a rest, several key bacterial genera associated with BRD (Mannheimia, Histophilus, Pasteurella) were increased for most sampling times after feedlot placement for the ranch-direct cattle group, compared to animals given no rest stop. Similarly, more sampling time points had elevated levels of BRD-associated genera when auction market cattle were compared to ranch-direct. When evaluated across time and treatments several genera including Mannheimia, Moraxella, Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were positively correlated with blood cortisol concentrations.ConclusionThis is the first study to assess the effect of rest during transportation and cattle source on the respiratory microbiota in weaned beef calves. The results suggest that rest stops and auction market placement may be risk factors for BRD, based solely on increased abundance of BRD-associated genera in the upper respiratory tract. However, it was not possible to link these microbiota to disease outcome, due to low incidence of BRD in the study populations. Larger scale studies are needed to further define how transportation variables impact cattle health.
Published: 2023
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4. Corrigendum: IgG2 rules: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-specific IgG2 and Th17/Th1 cooperation may promote the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic heart disease and be a biomarker of the autoimmune sequelae of Streptococcus pyogenes

Author: Christine A. Kirvan, Heather Canini, Susan E. Swedo, Harry Hill, George Veasy, David Jankelow, Stanley Kosanke, Kent Ward, Yan D. Zhao, Kathy Alvarez, Andria Hedrick, and Madeleine W. Cunningham
Subjects: acute rheumatic fever, Th17 cells, IgG subclass, autoimmunity, group A streptococci, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2023
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5. Vaginal-perianal or vaginal-perineal compared with vaginal-rectal culture-based screening for Group B Streptococci (GBS) colonization during the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Hugh C. G. Nadeau, Courtney Bisson, Xi Chen, Yan D. Zhao, Marvin Williams, and Rodney K. Edwards
Subjects: Pregnancy, Group B Streptococcus, Culture-based Screening, Prenatal care, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Abstract Background Screening for maternal anogenital Group B streptococci (GBS) colonization in pregnancy with initiation of intravenous intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis as indicated has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of neonatal GBS infection. This study aims to evaluate the agreement between vaginal-perianal or vaginal-perineal culture and the more typically used vaginal-rectal culture for screening for maternal anogenital GBS colonization in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods Eligible English-language studies published until January 2020 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Studies were compiled that assessed for GBS colonization utilizing vaginal-perianal or vaginal-perineal culture and vaginal-rectal culture during the third trimester of pregnancy. Nonoriginal research articles and studies that did not assess pregnant patients, did not use culture-based screening, or did not compare vaginal-perianal or vaginal-perineal culture with vaginal-rectal culture were excluded. The search identified 559 articles with three prospective cohort studies that met inclusion criteria, including 643 participants. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Patient characteristics and associated pain with specimen collection were abstracted. Meta-analyses of both the raw agreement and the Cohen’s kappa statistic were performed. Results Within the three included studies, the range of GBS detection was 17.6–34.0%, consistent with the anticipated prevalence of GBS colonization reported in earlier publications. For both raw agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient, the test for heterogeneity was not significant, indicating low heterogeneity among studies. The pooled estimate of the raw agreement was 0.97 (95%CI 0.95–0.98) and of the Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95), indicating (according to the Landis and Koch criteria) an “almost perfect” agreement between the compared clinical tests. In the two studies that assessed procedure-related patient discomfort, vaginal-rectal swabbing caused more discomfort. Conclusion Use of vaginal-perineal culture for assessment of maternal GBS colonization is comparable to the more typically utilized vaginal-rectal culture and is associated with less discomfort.
Published: 2022
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6. Broadband $\gamma$-ray spectrum of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Bian, W., Bukevich, A. V., Cai, C. M., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, H. X., Chen, Liang, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, X. B., Chen, X. J., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Chu, M. C., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Diao, Y. X., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, J. H., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, H., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Ge, T. T., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, J., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., Hannuksela, O. A., Hasan, M., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. Y., He, Y., Hernández-Cadena, S., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, S. C., Huang, C., Huang, D. H., Huang, J. J., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. Y., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, H. B., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kaci, S., Kang, M. M., Karpikov, I., Khangulyan, D., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, L., Li, R. L., Li, S. D., Li, T. Y., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, D. B., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. R., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lou, Y. Q., Luo, Q., Luo, Y., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mou, G. B., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ng, K. C. Y., Ni, M. Y., Nie, L., Ou, L. J., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, J. C., Qi, M. Y., Qin, J. J., Raza, A., Ren, C. Y., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Saeed, M., Semikoz, D., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Shen, Y. Z., Sheng, X. D., Shi, Z. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, D. X., Sun, H., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tabasam, N. H., Takata, J., Tam, P. H. T., Tan, H. B., Tang, Q. W., Tang, R., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Tong, C. N., Wan, L. H., Wang, C., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, Kai, Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. J., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Weng, S. S., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, Q. W., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, D. R., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, C. Y., Yang, F. F., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, W. X., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, X. A., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, W. Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zhao, X. H., Zhao, Z. H., Zheng, F., Zhong, W. J., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, B. Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., Zou, Y. C., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The core-collapse supernova remnant (SNR) Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is one of the brightest galactic radio sources with an angular radius of $\sim$ 2.5 $\arcmin$. Although no extension of this source has been detected in the $\gamma$-ray band, using more than 1000 days of LHAASO data above $\sim 0.8$ TeV, we find that its spectrum is significantly softer than those obtained with Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) and its flux near $\sim 1$ TeV is about two times higher. In combination with analyses of more than 16 years of \textit{Fermi}-LAT data covering $0.1 \, \mathrm{GeV} - 1 \, \mathrm{TeV}$, we find that the spectrum above 30 GeV deviates significantly from a single power-law, and is best described by a smoothly broken power-law with a spectral index of $1.90 \pm 0.15_\mathrm{stat}$ ($3.41 \pm 0.19_\mathrm{stat}$) below (above) a break energy of $0.63 \pm 0.21_\mathrm{stat} \, \mathrm{TeV}$. Given differences in the angular resolution of LHAASO-WCDA and IACTs, TeV $\gamma$-ray emission detected with LHAASO may have a significant contribution from regions surrounding the SNR illuminated by particles accelerated earlier, which, however, are treated as background by IACTs. Detailed modelling can be used to constrain acceleration processes of TeV particles in the early stage of SNR evolution.
Published: 2025

7. IgG2 rules: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-specific IgG2 and Th17/Th1 cooperation may promote the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic heart disease and be a biomarker of the autoimmune sequelae of Streptococcus pyogenes

Author: Christine A. Kirvan, Heather Canini, Susan E. Swedo, Harry Hill, George Veasy, David Jankelow, Stanley Kosanke, Kent Ward, Yan D. Zhao, Kathy Alvarez, Andria Hedrick, and Madeleine W. Cunningham
Subjects: acute rheumatic fever, Th17 cells, IgG subclass, autoimmunity, group A streptococci, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Antecedent group A streptococcal pharyngitis is a well-established cause of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) where rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) and Sydenham chorea (SC) are major manifestations. In ARF, crossreactive antibodies and T cells respond to streptococcal antigens, group A carbohydrate, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), and M protein, respectively, and through molecular mimicry target heart and brain tissues. In this translational human study, we further address our hypothesis regarding specific pathogenic humoral and cellular immune mechanisms leading to streptococcal sequelae in a small pilot study. The aims of the study were to (1) better understand specific mechanisms of pathogenesis in ARF, (2) identify a potential early biomarker of ARF, (3) determine immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses directed against GlcNAc, the immunodominant epitope of the group A carbohydrate, by reaction of ARF serum IgG with GlcNAc, M protein, and human neuronal cells (SK-N-SH), and (4) determine IgG subclasses deposited on heart tissues from RHD. In 10 pediatric patients with RHD and 6 pediatric patients with SC, the serum IgG2 subclass reacted significantly with GlcNAc, and distinguished ARF from 7 pediatric patients with uncomplicated pharyngitis. Three pediatric patients who demonstrated only polymigrating arthritis, a major manifestation of ARF and part of the Jones criteria for diagnosis, lacked the elevated IgG2 subclass GlcNAc-specific reactivity. In SC, the GlcNAc-specific IgG2 subclass in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) selectively targeted human neuronal cells as well as GlcNAc in the ELISA. In rheumatic carditis, the IgG2 subclass preferentially and strongly deposited in valve tissues (n = 4) despite elevated concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3 in RHD sera as detected by ELISA to group A streptococcal M protein. Although our human study of ARF includes a very small limited sample set, our novel research findings suggest a strong IgG2 autoantibody response against GlcNAc in RHD and SC, which targeted heart valves and neuronal cells. Cardiac IgG2 deposition was identified with an associated IL-17A/IFN-γ cooperative signature in RHD tissue which displayed both IgG2 deposition and cellular infiltrates demonstrating these cytokines simultaneously. GlcNAc-specific IgG2 may be an important autoantibody in initial stages of the pathogenesis of group A streptococcal sequelae, and future studies will determine if it can serve as a biomarker for risk of RHD and SC or early diagnosis of ARF.
Published: 2023
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8. Spectroscopy of $^{52}$K

Author: Enciu, M., Obertelli, A., Doornenbal, P., Heinz, M., Miyagi, T., Nowacki, F., Ogata, K., Poves, A., Schwenk, A., Yoshida, K., Achouri, N. L., Baba, H., Browne, F., Calvet, D., Château, F., Chen, S., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Cortés, M. L., Delbart, A., Gheller, J. -M., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hilaire, C., Isobe, T., Kobayashi, T., Kubota, Y., Lapoux, V., Liu, H. N., Motobayashi, T., Murray, I., Otsu, H., Panin, V., Paul, N., Rodriguez, W., Sakurai, H., Sasano, M., Steppenbeck, D., Stuhl, L., Sun, Y. L., Togano, Y., Uesaka, T., Wimmer, K., Yoneda, K., Aktas, O., Aumann, T., Chung, L. X., Flavigny, F., Franchoo, S., Gašparić, I., Gerst, R. -B., Gibelin, J., Hahn, K. I., Kim, D., Kondo, Y., Koseoglou, P., Lee, J., Lehr, C., Li, P. J., Linh, B. D., Lokotko, T., MacCormick, M., Moschner, K., Nakamura, T., Park, S. Y., Rossi, D., Sahin, E., Söderström, P. -A., Sohler, D., Takeuchi, S., Toernqvist, H., Vaquero, V., Wagner, V., Wang, S., Werner, V., Xu, X., Yamada, H., Yan, D., Yang, Z., Yasuda, M., and Zanetti, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The first spectroscopy of $^{52}$K was investigated via in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory after one-proton and one-neutron knockout from $^{53}$Ca and $^{53}$K beams impinging on a 15-cm liquid hydrogen target at $\approx$ 230~MeV/nucleon. The energy level scheme of $^{52}$K was built using single $\gamma$ and $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidence spectra. The spins and parities of the excited states were established based on momentum distributions of the fragment after the knockout reaction and based on exclusive cross sections. The results were compared to state-of-the-art shell model calculations with the SDPF-Umod interaction and ab initio IMSRG calculations with chiral effective field theory nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces.
Published: 2024
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9. The Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O1, O2 and O78 Strains

Author: Kat R. Smith, Emmanuel W. Bumunang, Jared Schlechte, Matthew Waldner, Hany Anany, Matthew Walker, Kellie MacLean, Kim Stanford, John M. Fairbrother, Trevor W. Alexander, Tim A. McAllister, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem, and Yan D. Niu
Subjects: bacteriophages, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, lytic activity, comparative genomics, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), such as O1, O2 and O78, are important serogroups relating to chicken health, being responsible for colibacillosis. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophages (phages) from hen feces and human sewage in Alberta with the potential for controlling colibacillosis in laying hens. The lytic profile, host range, pH tolerance and morphology of seven APEC-infecting phages (ASO1A, ASO1B, ASO2A, ASO78A, ASO2B, AVIO78A and ASO78B) were assessed using a microplate phage virulence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The potential safety of phages at the genome level was predicted using AMRFinderPlus and the Virulence Factor Database. Finally, phage genera and genetic relatedness with other known phages from the NCBI GenBank database were inferred using the virus intergenomic distance calculator and single gene-based phylogenetic trees. The seven APEC-infecting phages preferentially lysed APEC strains in this study, with ECL21443 (O2) being the most susceptible to phages (n = 5). ASO78A had the broadest host range, lysing all tested strains (n = 5) except ECL20885 (O1). Phages were viable at a pH of 2.5 or 3.5–9.0 after 4 h of incubation. Based on TEM, phages were classed as myovirus, siphovirus and podovirus. No genes associated with virulence, antimicrobial resistance or lysogeny were detected in phage genomes. Comparative genomic analysis placed six of the seven phages in five genera: Felixounavirus (ASO1A and ASO1B), Phapecoctavirus (ASO2A), Tequatrovirus (ASO78A), Kayfunavirus (ASO2B) and Sashavirus (AVIO78A). Based on the nucleotide intergenomic similarity (Caudoviricetes. The tail fiber protein phylogeny revealed variations within APEC-infecting phages and closely related phages. Diverse APEC-infecting phages harbored in the environment demonstrate the potential to control colibacillosis in poultry.
Published: 2023
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10. Biological and genomic characteristics of two bacteriophages isolated from sewage, using one multidrug-resistant and one non-multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Author: Bingchun Liang, Wenpeng Zhao, Bo Han, Herman W. Barkema, Yan D. Niu, Yongxia Liu, John P. Kastelic, and Jian Gao
Subjects: bovine mastitis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacteriophage, biological characteristics, genomic characteristics, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Bovine mastitis caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is difficult to treat with antibiotics, whereas bacteriophages may be a viable alternative. Our objective was to use 2 K. pneumoniae strains, 1 MDR and the other non-MDR, to isolate phages from sewage samples and compare their biological and genomic characteristics. Additionally, phage infected mouse mammary gland was also analyzed by H&E staining and ELISA kits to compare morphology and inflammatory factors, respectively. Based on assessments with double agar plates and transmission electron microscopy, phage CM_Kpn_HB132952 had clear plaques surrounded by translucent halos on the bacterial lawn of K. pneumoniae KPHB132952 and belonged to Siphoviridae, whereas phage CM_Kpn_HB143742 formed a clear plaque on the bacterial lawn of K. pneumoniae KPHB143742 and belonged to Podoviridae. In 1-step growth curves, CM_Kpn_HB132952 and CM_Kpn_HB143742 had burst sizes of 0.34 and 0.73 log10 PFU/mL, respectively. The former had a latent period of 50 min and an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, whereas for the latter, the latent period was 30 min (MOI = 1). Phage CM_Kpn_HB132952 had better thermal and acid–base stability than phage CM_Kpn_HB143742. Additionally, both phages had the same host range rate but different host ranges. Based on Illumina NovaSeq, phages CM_Kpn_HB132952 and CM_Kpn_HB143742 had 140 and 145 predicted genes, respectively. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that both phages were novel phages belonging to the Klebsiella family. Additionally, the histopathological structure and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were not significantly different among phage groups and the control group. In conclusion, using 1 MDR and 1 non-MDR strain of K. pneumoniae, we successfully isolated two phages from the same sewage sample, and demonstrated that they had distinct biological and genomic characteristics.
Published: 2022
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11. Detection of two TeV gamma-ray outbursts from NGC 1275 by LHAASO

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo., X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is one of the components of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) and can monitor any sources over two-thirds of the sky for up to 7 hours per day with >98\% duty cycle. In this work, we report the detection of two outbursts of the Fanaroff-Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 that were detected by LHAASO-WCDA between November 2022 and January 2023 with statistical significance of 5.2~$\sigma$ and 8.3~$\sigma$. The observed spectral energy distribution in the range from 500 GeV to 3 TeV is fitted by a power-law with a best-fit spectral index of $\alpha=-3.37\pm0.52$ and $-3.35\pm0.29$, respectively. The outburst flux above 0.5~TeV was ($4.55\pm 4.21)\times~10^{-11}~\rm cm^{-2}~s^{-1}$ and ($3.45\pm 1.78)\times~10^{-11}~\rm cm^{-2}~s^{-1}$, corresponding to 60\%, 45\% of Crab Nebula flux. Variation analysis reveals the variability time-scale of days at the TeV energy band. A simple test by one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model reproduces the data in the gamma-ray band well., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024

12. LHAASO detection of very-high-energy gamma-ray emission surrounding PSR J0248+6021

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, J. H., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., Zou, Y. C., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report the detection of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source coincident with the location of middle-aged (62.4~\rm kyr) pulsar PSR J0248+6021, by using the LHAASO-WCDA data of live 796 days and LHAASO-KM2A data of live 1216 days. A significant excess of \gray induced showers is observed both by WCDA in energy bands of 1-25~\rm TeV and KM2A in energy bands of $>$ 25~\rm TeV with 7.3 $\sigma$ and 13.5 $\sigma$, respectively. The best-fit position derived through WCDA data is R.A. = 42.06$^\circ \pm$ 0.12$^\circ$ and Dec. = 60.24$^\circ \pm $ 0.13$^\circ$ with an extension of 0.69$^\circ\pm$0.15$^\circ$ and that of the KM2A data is R.A.= 42.29$^\circ \pm $ 0.13$^\circ$ and Dec. = 60.38$^\circ \pm$ 0.07$^\circ$ with an extension of 0.37$^\circ\pm$0.07$^\circ$. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of this LHAASO source has been found from the radio band to the GeV band. The most plausible explanation of the VHE \gray emission is the inverse Compton process of highly relativistic electrons and positrons injected by the pulsar. These electrons/positrons are hypothesized to be either confined within the pulsar wind nebula or to have already escaped into the interstellar medium, forming a pulsar halo., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron
Published: 2024

13. Effect of a bacteriophage T5virus on growth of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains in individual and mixed cultures

Author: Yan D. Niu, Hui Liu, Roger P. Johnson, Tim A. McAllister, and Kim Stanford
Subjects: Bacteriophages, T5virus, Biocontrol, Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract A previously isolated a bacteriophage, vB_EcoS_AKFV33 of T5virus, demonstrated great potential in biocontrol of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157. This study further evaluated its potential as a biocontrol agent in broth culture against other important non-O157 serogroups of STEC and Salmonella. AKFV33 was capable of lysing isolates of STEC serogroups O26 (n = 1), O145 (n = 1) and Salmonella enterica serovars (n = 6). In a broth culture microplate system, efficacy of AKFV33 for killing STEC O26:H11, O145:NM and Salmonella was improved (P
Published: 2020
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14. A TMEFF2-regulated cell cycle derived gene signature is prognostic of recurrence risk in prostate cancer

Author: Constantin Georgescu, Joshua M. Corbin, Sandra Thibivilliers, Zachary D. Webb, Yan D. Zhao, Jan Koster, Kar-Ming Fung, Adam S. Asch, Jonathan D. Wren, and Maria J. Ruiz-Echevarría
Subjects: Prostate cancer, Prognostic markers, Cell cycle genes, Risk stratification, TMEFF2, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background The clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa) is variable, and while the majority of cases remain indolent, 10% of patients progress to deadly forms of the disease. Current clinical predictors used at the time of diagnosis have limitations to accurately establish progression risk. Here we describe the development of a tumor suppressor regulated, cell-cycle gene expression based prognostic signature for PCa, and validate its independent contribution to risk stratification in several radical prostatectomy (RP) patient cohorts. Methods We used RNA interference experiments in PCa cell lines to identify a gene expression based gene signature associated with Tmeff2, an androgen regulated, tumor suppressor gene whose expression shows remarkable heterogeneity in PCa. Gene expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Correlation of the signature with disease outcome (time to recurrence) was retrospectively evaluated in four geographically different cohorts of patients that underwent RP (834 samples), using multivariate logistical regression analysis. Multivariate analyses were adjusted for standard clinicopathological variables. Performance of the signature was compared to previously described gene expression based signatures using the SigCheck software. Results Low levels of TMEFF2 mRNA significantly (p
Published: 2019
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15. Spectroscopy of deeply bound orbitals in neutron-rich Ca isotopes

Author: Li, P. J., Lee, J., Doornenbal, P., Chen, S., Wang, S., Obertelli, A., Chazono, Y., Holt, J. D., Hu, B. S., Ogata, K., Utsuno, Y., Yoshida, K., Achouri, N. L., Baba, H., Browne, F., Calvet, D., Château, F., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Cortés, M. L., Delbart, A., Gheller, J-M., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hilaire, C., Isobe, T., Kobayashi, T., Kubota, Y., Lapoux, V., Liu, H. N., Motobayashi, T., Murray, I., Otsu, H., Panin, V., Paul, N., Rodriguez, W., Sakurai, H., Sasano, M., Steppenbeck, D., Stuhl, L., Sun, Y. L., Togano, Y., Uesaka, T., Wimmer, K., Yoneda, K., Aktas, O., Aumann, T., Boretzky, K., Caesar, C., Chung, L. X., Flavigny, F., Franchoo, S., Gasparic, I., Gerst, R. -B., Gibelin, J., Hahn, K. I., Kahlbow, J., Kim, D., Koiwai, T., Kondo, Y., Körper, D., Koseoglou, P., Lehr, C., Linh, B. D., Lokotko, T., MacCormick, M., Miki, K., Moschner, K., Nakamura, T., Park, S. Y., Rossi, D., Sahin, E., Schindler, F., Simon, H., Söderström, P-A., Sohler, D., Takeuchi, S., Toernqvist, H., Tscheuschner, J., Vaquero, V., Wagner, V., Werner, V., Xu, X., Yamada, H., Yan, D., Yang, Z., Yasuda, M., and Zanetti, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: The calcium isotopes are an ideal system to investigate the evolution of shell structure and magic numbers. Although the properties of surface nucleons in calcium have been well studied, probing the structure of deeply bound nucleons remains a challenge. Here, we report on the first measurement of unbound states in $^{53}$Ca and $^{55}$Ca, populated from \ts{54,56}Ca($p,pn$) reactions at a beam energy of around 216 MeV/nucleon at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotopes Beam Factory. The resonance properties, partial cross sections, and momentum distributions of these unbound states were analyzed. Orbital angular momentum $l$ assignments were extracted from momentum distributions based on calculations using the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) reaction model. The resonances at excitation energies of 5516(41)\,keV in $^{53}$Ca and 6000(250)\,keV in $^{55}$Ca indicate a significant $l$\, =\,3 component, providing the first experimental evidence for the $\nu 0f_{7/2}$ single-particle strength of unbound hole states in the neutron-rich Ca isotopes. The observed excitation energies and cross-sections point towards extremely localized and well separated strength distributions, with some fragmentation for the $\nu 0f_{7/2}$ orbital in $^{55}$Ca. These results are in good agreement with predictions from shell-model calculations using the effective GXPF1Bs interaction and \textit{ab initio} calculations and diverge markedly from the experimental distributions in the nickel isotones at $Z=28$., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024
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16. Constraints on Ultra Heavy Dark Matter Properties from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with LHAASO Observations

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Saiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In this work we try to search for signals generated by ultra-heavy dark matter at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) data. We look for possible gamma-ray by dark matter annihilation or decay from 16 dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the field of view of LHAASO. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter which have low fluxes of astrophysical $\gamma$-ray background while large amount of dark matter. By analyzing more than 700 days observational data at LHAASO, no significant dark matter signal from 1 TeV to 1 EeV is detected. Accordingly we derive the most stringent constraints on the ultra-heavy dark matter annihilation cross-section up to EeV. The constraints on the lifetime of dark matter in decay mode are also derived., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted by PRL
Published: 2024

17. Novel Experimental In-Office Bleaching Gels Containing Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Author: Matheus Kury, Rochelle D. Hiers, Yan D. Zhao, Mayara Z. D. Picolo, Jessica Hsieh, Sharukh S. Khajotia, Fernando L. Esteban Florez, and Vanessa Cavalli
Subjects: tooth bleaching, hydrogen peroxide, light irradiation, nanoparticles, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The present study reports on the development and testing of novel bleaching agents containing co-doped metaloxide nanoparticles (NP; 0%, 5%, 10% v/w) and hydrogen peroxide (HP, 0%, 6%, 15%, and 35%). Bovine blocks (n = 200, A = 36 mm2) were obtained and randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 10/group). NPs were incorporated into gels before bleaching (3 sessions, 7 days apart, 30 min/session, irradiated with violet light-LT). Color changes (ΔE00, ΔWID), mineral content (CO32−, PO43−), and topography were assessed (spectrophotometer, ATR-FTIR, and AFM) before and after bleaching procedures (14 days). Metabolic status and three-dimensional components of non-disrupted Streptococcus mutans biofilms were investigated using a multimode reader and confocal microscopy. The results indicate that ΔE00 and ΔWID significantly increased with NPs’ concentrations and LT. The enamel’s mineral ratio was adversely impacted by HP, but alterations were less pronounced when using NP-containing gels. The enamel’s topography was not damaged by the bleaching protocols tested. The bioluminescence results show that bleaching protocols do not render latent antibacterial properties to enamel, and the confocal microscopy results demonstrate that the 3-dimensional distribution of the components was affected by the protocols. The proposed nanotechnology improved the bleaching efficacy of experimental materials independent of hydrogen peroxide or irradiation and did not adversely impact the enamel’s surface properties or its chemical content.
Published: 2022
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18. Efficacy of Individual Bacteriophages Does Not Predict Efficacy of Bacteriophage Cocktails for Control of Escherichia coli O157

Author: Yan D. Niu, Hui Liu, Hechao Du, Ruiqiang Meng, El Sayed Mahmoud, Guihua Wang, Tim A. McAllister, and Kim Stanford
Subjects: bacteriophages (phages), Escherichia coli O157, phage biocontrol, phage cocktail, phage-phage interactions, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Effectiveness of bacteriophages AKFV33 (Tequintavirus, T5) and AHP24 (Rogunavirus, T1), wV7 (Tequatrovirus, T4), and AHP24S (Vequintavirus, rV5), as well as 11 cocktails of combinations of the four phages, were evaluated in vitro for biocontrol of six common phage types of Escherichia coli O157 (human and bovine origins) at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs; 0.01–1,000), temperatures (37 or 22°C), and exposure times (10–22 h). Phage efficacy against O157 was highest at MOI 1,000 (P < 0.001) and after 14-18 h of exposure at 22°C (P < 0.001). The activity of individual phages against O157 did not predict the activity of a cocktail of these phages even at the same temperature and MOI. Combinations of phages were neutral (no better or worse than the most effective constituent phages acting alone), displayed facilitation (greater efficacy than the most effective constituent phages acting alone), or antagonistic (lower efficacy than the most effective constituent phages acting alone). Across MOIs, temperatures, exposure time, and O157 strains, a cocktail of T1, T4, and rV5 was most effective (P < 0.05) against O157, although T1 and rV5 were less effective (P < 0.001) than other individual phages. T5 was the most effective individual phages (P < 0.05), but was antagonistic to other phages, particularly rV5 and T4 + rV5. Interactions among phages were influenced by phage genera and phage combination, O157 strains, MOIs, incubation temperatures, and times. Based on this study, future development of phage cocktails should, as a minimum, include confirmation of a lack of antagonism among constituent phages and preferably confirmation of facilitation or synergistic effects.
Published: 2021
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19. Corrigendum: Multidrug Resistance in Pasteurellaceae Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016

Author: Cassidy L. Klima, Devin B. Holman, Shaun R. Cook, Cheyenne C. Conrad, Brenda J. Ralston, Nick Allan, R. Michele Anholt, Yan D. Niu, Kim Stanford, Sherry J. Hannon, Calvin W. Booker, and Tim A. McAllister
Subjects: antimicrobial resistance, bovine respiratory disease, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, integrative and conjugative elements, Pasteurellaceae, Microbiology, QR1-502
Published: 2021
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20. Multidrug Resistance in Pasteurellaceae Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortalities in North America From 2011 to 2016

Author: Cassidy L. Klima, Devin B. Holman, Shaun R. Cook, Cheyenne C. Conrad, Brenda J. Ralston, Nick Allan, R. Michele Anholt, Yan D. Niu, Kim Stanford, Sherry J. Hannon, Calvin W. Booker, and Tim A. McAllister
Subjects: antimicrobial resistance, bovine respiratory disease, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, integrative and conjugative elements, Pasteurellaceae, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) members of the Pasteurellaceae family may compromise the efficacy of therapies used to prevent and treat bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle. This study examined the prevalence of multidrug resistance in strains of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida collected from BRD cattle mortalities in North America. Isolates of M. haemolytica (n = 147) and P. multocida (n = 70) spanning 69 Alberta feedlots from 2011 to 2016 and two United States feedlots from 2011 to 2012 were examined for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in association with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Overall, resistance was high in both bacterial species with an increase in the prevalence of MDR isolates between 2011 and 2016. Resistance to >7 antimicrobial drugs occurred in 31% of M. haemolytica and 83% of P. multocida isolates. Resistance to sulfadimethoxine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, neomycin, clindamycin oxytetracycline, spectinomycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin was most common. Although >80% of strains harbored three or more ICE-associated genes, only 12% of M. haemolytica and 77% of P. multocida contained all six, reflecting the diversity of ICEs. There was evidence of clonal spread as P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile from the United States in 2011 were isolated in Alberta in 2015–2016. This work highlights that MDR strains of Pasteurellaceae containing ICEs are widespread and may be contributing to BRD therapy failure in feedlot cattle. Given the antimicrobial resistance gene profiles identified, these MDR isolates may be selected for by the use of macrolides, tetracyclines, and/or in-feed supplements containing heavy metals.
Published: 2020
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21. A Sensitive and Accurate Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of the Primary Bacterial Pathogens Causing Bovine Respiratory Disease

Author: Cheyenne C. Conrad, Rana K. Daher, Kim Stanford, Kingsley K. Amoako, Maurice Boissinot, Michel G. Bergeron, Trevor Alexander, Shaun Cook, Brenda Ralston, Rahat Zaheer, Yan D. Niu, and Tim McAllister
Subjects: recombinase polymerase amplification, bovine respiratory disease, antimicrobial resistance, integrative conjugative element, competitive internal amplification, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) presents a substantial challenge to the North American cattle industry. Here we utilize recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), a fast and sensitive isothermal DNA-based technology for the detection of four BRD pathogens (Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis), genes coding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and integrative conjugative elements (ICE) which can harbor AMR genes. Eleven RPA assays were designed and validated including: a) one conventional species-specific multiplex assay targeting the 4 BRD pathogens, b) two species-specific real-time multiplex RPA assays targeting M. haemolytica/M. bovis and P. multocida/H. somni, respectively with a novel competitive internal amplification control, c) seven conventional assays targeting AMR genes (tetH, tetR, msrE, mphE, sul2, floR, erm42), and d) one real-time assay targeting ICE. Each real-time RPA assay was tested on 100 deep nasopharyngeal swabs (DNPS) collected from feedlot cattle previously assessed for targets using either culture methods and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verification (TC-PCR). The developed RPA assays enabled sensitive and accurate identification of BRD agents and AMR/ICE genes directly from DNPS, in a shorter period than TC-PCR, showing considerable promise as a tool for point-of-care identification of BRD pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.
Published: 2020
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22. Data quality control system and long-term performance monitor of the LHAASO-KM2A

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Bian, W., Bukevich, A. V., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, H. X., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, J. H., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, H., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., Hasan, M., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Karpikov, I., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, C. M., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, S. D., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, D. B., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Luo, Q., Luo, Y., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, L. J., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, J. C., Qi, M. Y., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Raza, A., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Saeed, M., Semikoz, D., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, D. X., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Takata, J., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, R., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, Kai, Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, Q. W., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, D. R., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, C. Y., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, W. X., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zhao, X. H., Zheng, F., Zhong, W. J., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, B. Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., Zou, Y. C., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KM2A is the largest sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). It consists of 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). The data recorded by the EDs and MDs are used to reconstruct primary information of cosmic ray and gamma-ray showers. This information is used for physical analysis in gamma-ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics. To ensure the reliability of the LHAASO-KM2A data, a three-level quality control system has been established. It is used to monitor the status of detector units, stability of reconstructed parameters and the performance of the array based on observations of the Crab Nebula and Moon shadow. This paper will introduce the control system and its application on the LHAASO-KM2A data collected from August 2021 to July 2023. During this period, the pointing and angular resolution of the array were stable. From the observations of the Moon shadow and Crab Nebula, the results achieved using the two methods are consistent with each other. According to the observation of the Crab Nebula at energies from 25 TeV to 100 TeV, the time averaged pointing errors are estimated to be $-0.003^{\circ} \pm 0.005^{\circ}$ and $0.001^{\circ} \pm 0.006^{\circ}$ in the R.A. and Dec directions, respectively., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

23. Discovery of Very-high-energy Gamma-ray Emissions from the Low Luminosity AGN NGC 4278 by LHAASO

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, J. H., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., Zou, Y. C., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The first source catalog of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory reported the detection of a very-high-energy gamma ray source, 1LHAASO J1219+2915. In this paper a further detailed study of the spectral and temporal behavior of this point-like source have been carried. The best-fit position of the TeV source ($\rm{RA}=185.05^{\circ}\pm0.04^{\circ}$, $\rm{Dec}=29.25^{\circ}\pm0.03^{\circ}$) is compatible with NGC 4278 within $\sim0.03$ degree. Variation analysis shows an indication of the variability at a few months level in the TeV band, which is consistent with low frequency observations. Based on these observations, we report the detection of TeV $\gamma$-ray emissions from this low-luminosity AGN NGC 4278. The observations by LHAASO-WCDA during active period has a significance level of 8.8\,$\sigma$ with best-fit photon spectral index $\varGamma=2.56\pm0.14$ and a flux $f_{1-10\,\rm{TeV}}=(7.0\pm1.1_{\rm{sta}}\pm0.35_{\rm{syst}})\times10^{-13}\,\rm{photons\,cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$, or approximately $5\%$ of the Crab Nebula. The discovery of VHE from NGC 4278 indicates that the compact, weak radio jet can efficiently accelerate particles and emit TeV photons., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024
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24. LHAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, J. H., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LHAASO, working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 TeV. Detector simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data analysis. It is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units (>6000) with large altitude difference (30 m) and huge coverage (1.3 km^2). In this paper, the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is introduced. The process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory overffow. Some simpliffcations are used to signiffcantly speed up the execution of G4KM2A. The running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector simulation. The particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented, which show good agreement.
Published: 2024
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25. Measurements of All-Particle Energy Spectrum and Mean Logarithmic Mass of Cosmic Rays from 0.3 to 30 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A

Author: The LHAASO Collaboration, Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, A., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at $3.67 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.15$ PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -$2.7413 \pm 0.0004 \pm 0.0050$, while above the knee, it is -$3.128 \pm 0.005 \pm 0.027$, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -$0.1200 \pm 0.0003 \pm 0.0341$. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024
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26. Single- and Dual-Species Biofilm Formation by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and Their Susceptibility to an Engineered Peptide WK2

Author: Zhi Ma, Xia Tang, Kim Stanford, Xiaolong Chen, Tim A. McAllister, and Yan D. Niu
Subjects: mixed-species biofilm, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, antimicrobial peptide, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica are important foodborne pathogens capable of forming both single- and multi-species biofilms. In this study, the mono- and dual-species biofilms were formed by STEC O113:H21 and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis 10708 on stainless steel in the presence of beef juice over 5 d at 22 °C. The dual-species biofilm mass was substantially (p < 0.05) greater than that produced by STEC O113:H21 or S. Choleraesuis 10708 alone. However, numbers (CFU/mL) of S. Choleraesuis 10708 or STEC O113:H21 cells in the dual-species biofilm were (p < 0.05) lower than their respective counts in single-species biofilms. In multi-species biofilms, the sensitivity of S. Choleraesuis 10708 to the antimicrobial peptide WK2 was reduced, but it was increased for STEC O113:H21. Visualization of the temporal and spatial development of dual-species biofilms using florescent protein labeling confirmed that WK2 reduced cell numbers within biofilms. Collectively, our results highlight the potential risk of cross-contamination by multi-species biofilms to food safety and suggest that WK2 may be developed as a novel antimicrobial or sanitizer for the control of biofilms on stainless steel.
Published: 2021
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27. RIG-I overexpression decreases mortality of cigarette smoke exposed mice during influenza A virus infection

Author: Xiaoqiu Wang, Wenxin Wu, Wei Zhang, J. Leland Booth, Elizabeth S. Duggan, Lili Tian, Sunil More, Yan D. Zhao, Ravindranauth N. Sawh, Lin Liu, Ming-Hui Zou, and Jordan P. Metcalf
Subjects: Influenza virus, Lung, Smoking, Cytokine, RIG-I, Transgenic mouse, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Abstract Background Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important regulator of virus-induced antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines which participate in clearing viral infections. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure increases the frequency and severity of respiratory tract infections. Methods We generated a RIG-I transgenic (TG) mouse strain that expresses the RIG-I gene product under the control of the human lung specific surfactant protein C promoter. We compared the mortality and host immune responses of RIG-I TG mice and their litter-matched wild type (WT) mice following challenge with influenza A virus (IAV). Results RIG-I overexpression increased survival of IAV-infected mice. CS exposure increased mortality in WT mice infected with IAV. Remarkably, the effect of RIG-I overexpression on survival during IAV infection was enhanced in CS-exposed animals. CS-exposed IAV-infected WT mice had a suppressed innate response profile in the lung compared to sham-exposed IAV-infected WT mice in terms of the protein concentration, total cell count and inflammatory cell composition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RIG-I overexpression restored the innate immune response in CS-exposed mice to that seen in sham-exposed WT mice during IAV infection, and is likely responsible for enhanced survival in RIG-I TG mice as restoration preceded death of the animals. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RIG-I overexpression in mice is protective for CS enhanced susceptibility of smokers to influenza infection, and that CS mediated RIG-I suppression may be partially responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality of the mice exposed to IAV. Thus, optimizing the RIG-I response may be an important treatment strategy for CS-enhanced lung infections, particularly those due to IAV.
Published: 2017
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28. A Multivariate and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Water Quality in Code River, Indonesia

Author: Mochamad A. Pratama, Yan D. Immanuel, and Dwinanti R. Marthanty
Subjects: Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract: The efficacy of a water quality management strategy highly depends on the analysis of water quality data, which must be intensively analyzed from both spatial and temporal perspectives. This study aims to analyze spatial and temporal trends in water quality in Code River in Indonesia and correlate these with land use and land cover changes over a particular period. Water quality data consisting of 15 parameters and Landsat image data taken from 2011 to 2017 were collected and analyzed. We found that the concentrations of total dissolved solid, nitrite, nitrate, and zinc had increasing trends from upstream to downstream over time, whereas concentrations of parameter biological oxygen demand, cuprum, and fecal coliform consistently undermined water quality standards. This study also found that the proportion of natural vegetation land cover had a positive correlation with the quality of Code River’s water, whereas agricultural land and built-up areas were the most sensitive to water pollution in the river. Moreover, the principal component analysis of water quality data suggested that organic matter, metals, and domestic wastewater were the most important factors for explaining the total variability of water quality in Code River. This study demonstrates the application of a GIS-based multivariate analysis to the interpretation of water quality monitoring data, which could aid watershed stakeholders in developing data-driven intervention strategies for improving the water quality in rivers and streams.
Published: 2020
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29. A Configurable Ultra-Low Noise Current Source for Transition-Edge Sensor Characterization

Author: Li, N., Liao, G., Yan, D., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Yuan, S., Gao, H., Li, Y., Gu, Y., Liu, C., Li, H., Li, Z., and Ren, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are sensitive devices for detecting photons from millimeter radiation to gamma rays. Their photon counting efficiency and collecting area benefit from large-array multiplexing scheme, and therefore the development of multiplexing readout system has been an important topic in this field. Among the many multiplex techniques, time-division multiplexing (TDM) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) has been used most widely for TES readout. In this work, we design a Configurable Ultra-Low Noise Current Source (CLCS) for TES characterization and as a part of a whole TDM-TES bias control system. The CLCS is based on the feedback structure of ultra-low noise instrumentation amplifiers and low-noise, high-resolution (20 bits) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). CLCS has an ultra-high resolution of 10 nA in the 0 to 5 mA current output range, and can perform current-voltage (IV) sweep and bias-step tests to measure key TES parameters on board. The feedback structure of the CLCS also avoids the issue of impedance mismatch., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2023

30. Effects of Supplemental Feed with Different Levels of Dietary Metabolizable Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grazing Naturalized Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides)

Author: Tao Ran, Yi Fang, Hai Xiang, Chengzhen Zhao, Daowei Zhou, Fujiang Hou, Yan D. Niu, and Rongzhen Zhong
Subjects: grazing versus supplemental feeding, metabolizable energy, growth performance, carcass traits, Swan geese, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Grazing Swan geese (Anser cygnoides) have good meat quality but grow slowly. This study aimed to study whether supplemental feeding could improve growth performance of grazing Swan geese and investigate a suitable dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level of supplemental diet for grazing Swan geese. Naturalized healthy male Swan geese (n = 144; 42 ± 2.0 days and 1.21 ± 0.17 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 groups and grazed on pasture alone (control, CON) or offered supplemental diets with ME of 9.5, 11.5, or 13.5 MJ/kg of DM after grazing. Growth performance and body-size measurements (including bone development) were lower (p < 0.05) in CON versus supplemented geese, as well as slaughter measurements on days 28 and 56. The DM intake linearly decreased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary ME from day 29 to 56. Slaughter, semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, and thigh muscle yield linearly (p < 0.01) decreased with increasing dietary ME on day 56. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) for breast and thigh muscle on days 28 and 56, and breast muscle shear force on day 56, were lower (p < 0.01) in supplemented versus CON geese. In conclusion, supplemental feeding improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of grazing Swan geese, and supplemental feed with ME of 9.5 MJ/kg of DM could be offered to improve growth and meat quality of grazing Swan geese.
Published: 2021
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31. Transcriptomic profiling of backfat and muscle in Lijiang pigs with divergent body size across growth stages

Author: Fang, S., Luo, S., Jin, S., Liu, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Yuan, M., Yan, D., Dong, X., and Yang, R.
Published: 2024
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32. Activity of Bacteriophage and Complex Tannins against Biofilm-Forming Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Canada and South Africa

Author: Emmanuel W. Bumunang, Collins N. Ateba, Kim Stanford, Yan D. Niu, Y. Wang, and Tim A. McAllister
Subjects: biofilms, bacteriophage, condensed tannin, phlorotannins, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, stainless-steel coupon, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Bacteriophages, natural killers of bacteria, and plant secondary metabolites, such as condensed tannins, are potential agents for the control of foodborne pathogens. The first objective of this study evaluated the efficacy of a bacteriophage SA21RB in reducing pre-formed biofilms on stainless-steel produced by two Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, one from South Africa and the other from Canada. The second objective examined the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of condensed tannin (CT) from purple prairie clover and phlorotannins (PT) from brown seaweed against these strains. For 24-h-old biofilms, (O113:H21; 6.2 log10 colony-forming units per square centimeter (CFU/cm2) and O154:H10; 5.4 log10 CFU/cm2), 3 h of exposure to phage (1013 plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL)) reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the number of viable cells attached to stainless-steel coupons by 2.5 and 2.1 log10 CFU/cm2 for O113:H21 and O154:H10, respectively. However, as biofilms matured, the ability of phage to control biofilm formation declined. In biofilms formed for 72 h (O113:H21; 5.4 log10 CFU/cm2 and O154:H10; 7 log10 CFU/cm2), reductions after the same duration of phage treatment were only 0.9 and 1.3 log10 CFU/cm2 for O113:H21 and O154:H10, respectively. Initial screening of CT and PT for anti-bacterial activity by a microplate assay indicated that both STEC strains were less sensitive (p ≤ 0.05) to CT than PT over a concentration range of 25–400 µg/mL. Based on the lower activity of CT (25–400 µg/mL), they were not further examined. Accordingly, PT (50 µg/mL) inhibited (p ≤ 0.05) biofilm formation for up to 24 h of incubation at 22 °C, but this inhibition progressively declined over 72 h for both O154:H10 and O113:H21. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both SA21RB and PT eliminated 24 h biofilms, but that both strains were able to adhere and form biofilms on stainless-steel coupons at longer incubation times. These findings revealed that phage SA21RB is more effective at disrupting 24 than 72 h biofilms and that PT were able to inhibit biofilm formation of both E. coli O154:H10 and O113:H21 for up to 24 h.
Published: 2020
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33. Does or did the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A operate as a PeVatron?

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo., X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: For decades, supernova remnants (SNRs) have been considered the prime sources of Galactic Cosmic rays (CRs). But whether SNRs can accelerate CR protons to PeV energies and thus dominate CR flux up to the knee is currently under intensive theoretical and phenomenological debate. The direct test of the ability of SNRs to operate as CR PeVatrons can be provided by ultrahigh-energy (UHE; $E_\gamma \geq 100$~TeV) $\gamma$-rays. In this context, the historical SNR Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is considered one of the most promising target for UHE observations. This paper presents the observation of Cas A and its vicinity by the LHAASO KM2A detector. The exceptional sensitivity of LHAASO KM2A in the UHE band, combined with the young age of Cas A, enabled us to derive stringent model-independent limits on the energy budget of UHE protons and nuclei accelerated by Cas A at any epoch after the explosion. The results challenge the prevailing paradigm that Cas A-type SNRs are major suppliers of PeV CRs in the Milky Way., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, Accepted by the APJL
Published: 2023

34. Very high energy gamma-ray emission beyond 10 TeV from GRB 221009A

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, A., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The highest energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have important implications for their radiation mechanism. Here we report for the first time the detection of gamma-rays up to 13 TeV from the brightest GRB 221009A by the Large High Altitude Air-shower Observatory (LHAASO). The LHAASO-KM2A detector registered more than 140 gamma-rays with energies above 3 TeV during 230$-$900s after the trigger. The intrinsic energy spectrum of gamma-rays can be described by a power-law after correcting for extragalactic background light (EBL) absorption. Such a hard spectrum challenges the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario of relativistic electrons for the afterglow emission above several TeV. Observations of gamma-rays up to 13 TeV from a source with a measured redshift of z=0.151 hints more transparency in intergalactic space than previously expected. Alternatively, one may invoke new physics such as Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) or an axion origin of very high energy (VHE) signals., Comment: 49pages, 11figures
Published: 2023
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35. Antibody Reactivity of B Cells in Lupus Patients with Increased Disease Activity and ARID3a Expression

Author: Julie M. Ward, Judith A. James, Yan D. Zhao, and Carol F. Webb
Subjects: ARID3a, SLE, autoantigens, antibodies, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Earlier studies showed that the DNA-binding protein, Bright/ARID3a bound to a subset of human and mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain promoters where it enhanced expression. Indeed, mice with transgenic expression of ARID3a in all B lymphocytes have expanded MZ B cells and produce anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). Consistent with our findings in mice, we observed that human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients had expanded numbers of peripheral blood ARID3a+ B cells that were associated with increased disease activity (p = 0.0038). We hypothesized that ARID3a+ naïve B cells would eventually produce autoantibodies, explaining associations between ARID3a expression and disease activity in lupus. Unlike healthy controls, ARID3a was expressed in the naïve B cell population in SLE patients, and we hypothesized that these might represent expansions of autoreactive cells. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies were generated from single-sorted naïve B cells derived from patients with normal (ARID3aN) and high (ARID3aH) numbers of ARID3a+ B cells. We found that ARID3a expression did not correlate with autoantibody expression. Furthermore, measures of antigen specificities of autoreactive antibodies did not reveal skewing toward particular proteins. These data suggest that the association of increased disease activity in SLE with numbers of ARID3a+ B lymphocytes may be mediated by an antibody-independent mechanism.
Published: 2015
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36. Impact of SiO$_2$ nanoparticle morphology on scattering efficiency for random lasers

Author: Machado, Yan D. R., Germano, Gleice C. M., Pecoraro, Edison, Costa, Antonio Mario L. M., and Carvalho, Isabel C. S.
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: In this work, we compared the effect of Quartzite nanoparticles (QtzNP - crystalline SiO$_2$) and amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) as scatters in a random laser (RL), correlating the laser efficiency to the morphology and refractive index (RI) of the scatterers. The RL was based on a laser media containing suspensions of QtzNPs or ASNPs in Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and ethylene glycol (EG) suspension. It was observed a considerable increase in RL efficiency for QtzNPs, as compared to ASNPs, even for concentrations as low as 0.5mg/mL. Such grow in the RL eficiency is attributed to the higher RI of QtzNPs (n=1.54), which in-creases the reflectance of light on the particles surface and the high field scattering intensity in the sharp edges of the flat slab shapes, associated to the particle's morphology. Finite Element Method (FEM) simu-lations were also performed for different particle size and shapes and an output increase is noticed for QtzNPs when compared with the ASNP confirming the experimental results. The comparison between the morphology of QtzNPs and ASNPs on scattering efficiency reported here contribute to optimize the performance of laser systems with natural and synthetic nanomaterials.
Published: 2023
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37. Level Structures of $^{56,58}$Ca Cast Doubt on a doubly magic $^{60}$Ca

Author: Chen, S., Browne, F., Doornenbal, P., Lee, J., Obertelli, A., Tsunoda, Y., Otsuka, T., Chazono, Y., Hagen, G., Holt, J. D., Jansen, G. R., Ogata, K., Shimizu, N., Utsuno, Y., Yoshida, K., Achouri, N. L., Baba, H., Calvet, D., Château, F., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Cortés, M. L., Delbart, A., Gheller, J. -M., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hilaire, C., Isobe, T., Kobayashi, T., Kubota, Y., Lapoux, V., Liu, H. N., Motobayashi, T., Murray, I., Otsu, H., Panin, V., Paul, N., Rodriguez, W., Sakurai, H., Sasano, M., Steppenbeck, D., Stuhl, L., Sun, Y. L., Togano, Y., Uesaka, T., Wimmer, K., Yoneda, K., Aktas, O., Aumann, T., Chung, L. X., Flavigny, F., Franchoo, S., Gasparic, I., Gerst, R. -B., Gibelin, J., Hahn, K. I., Kim, D., Koiwai, T., Kondo, Y., Koseoglou, P., Lehr, C., Linh, B. D., Lokotko, T., MacCormick, M., Moschner, K., Nakamura, T., Park, S. Y., Rossi, D., Sahin, E., Söderström, P. -A., Sohler, D., Takeuchi, S., Törnqvist, H., Vaquero, V., Wagner, V., Wang, S., Werner, V., Xu, X., Yamada, H., Yan, D., Yang, Z., Yasuda, M., and Zanetti, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Gamma decays were observed in $^{56}$Ca and $^{58}$Ca following quasi-free one-proton knockout reactions from $^{57,59}$Sc beams at $\approx 200$ MeV/nucleon. For $^{56}$Ca, a $\gamma$ ray transition was measured to be 1456(12) keV, while for $^{58}$Ca an indication for a transition was observed at 1115(34) keV. Both transitions were tentatively assigned as the $2^+_1 \rightarrow 0^+_{gs}$ decays, and were compared to results from ab initio and conventional shell-model approaches. A shell-model calculation in a wide model space with a marginally modified effective nucleon-nucleon interaction depicts excellent agreement with experiment for $2^+_1$ level energies, two-neutron separation energies, and reaction cross sections, corroborating the formation of a new nuclear shell above the $N$ = 34 shell. Its constituents, the $0f_{5/2}$ and $0g_{9/2}$ orbitals, are almost degenerate. This degeneracy precludes the possibility for a doubly magic $^{60}$Ca and potentially drives the dripline of Ca isotopes to $^{70}$Ca or even beyond., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023
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38. Antimicrobial Resistance in Members of the Bacterial Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Isolated from Lung Tissue of Cattle Mortalities Managed with or without the Use of Antimicrobials

Author: Kim Stanford, Rahat Zaheer, Cassidy Klima, Tim McAllister, Delores Peters, Yan D. Niu, and Brenda Ralston
Subjects: mannheimia haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis, antimicrobial resistance, managed without antimicrobials, bovine respiratory disease, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Over a two-year period, Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 113), Pasteurella multocida (PM; n = 47), Histophilus somni (HS; n = 41) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB; n = 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy from cattle raised conventionally (CON, n = 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), n = 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates were assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and five core genes associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, µg/mL) were determined for a subset of isolates (MH, n = 104; PM, n = 45; HS, n = 23; and MB, n = 61) using Sensititre analyses. A subset of isolates (n = 21) was also evaluated by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on variation in AMR phenotype. All five ICE core genes were detected in PM and HS by PCR, but only 3/5 were present in MH. Presence of mco and tnpA ICE core genes in MH was associated with higher MICs (p < 0.05) for all tetracyclines, and 2/3 of all macrolides, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones evaluated. In contrast, association of ICE core genes with MICs was largely restricted to macrolides for PM and to individual tetracyclines and macrolides for HS. For MH, the average number of AMR genes markedly increased (p < 0.05) in year 2 of the study due to the emergence of a strain that was PCR positive for all 13 PCR-tested AMR genes as well as two additional AMR genes (aadA31 and blaROB-1) detected by WGS. Conventional management of cattle increased (p < 0.05) MICs of tilmicosin and tulathromycin for MH; neomycin and spectinomycin for PM; and gamithromycin and tulathromycin for MB. The average number of PCR-detected AMR genes in PM was also increased (p < 0.05) in CON mortalities. This study demonstrates increased AMR especially to macrolides by bovine respiratory disease organisms in CON as compared to NAT feedlots and a rapid increase in AMR following dissemination of strain(s) carrying ICE-associated multidrug resistance.
Published: 2020
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39. Characterization of Non-O157 Escherichia coli from Cattle Faecal Samples in the North-West Province of South Africa

Author: Emmanuel W. Bumunang, Tim A. McAllister, Rahat Zaheer, Rodrigo Ortega Polo, Kim Stanford, Robin King, Yan D. Niu, and Collins N. Ateba
Subjects: non-O157 Escherichia coli, cattle, antibiotic resistance, biofilm, virulence genes, PFGE, WGS, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Escherichia coli are commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, but some strains have acquired Shiga-toxins and can cause enterohemorrhagic diarrhoea and kidney failure in humans. Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains such as E. coli O157:H7 and some non-O157 strains also contain other virulence traits, some of which contribute to their ability to form biofilms. This study characterized non-O157 E. coli from South African cattle faecal samples for their virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), biofilm-forming ability, and genetic relatedness using culture-based methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of 80 isolates screened, 77.5% (62/80) possessed Shiga-toxins genes. Of 18 antimicrobials tested, phenotypic resistance was detected against seven antimicrobials. Resistance ranged from 1.3% (1/80) for ampicillin-sulbactam to 20% (16/80) for tetracycline. Antimicrobial resistance genes were infrequently detected except for tetA, which was found in 31.3% (25/80) and tetB detected in 11.3% (9/80) of isolates. Eight biofilm-forming associated genes were detected in STEC isolates (n = 62) and two non-STEC strains. Prevalence of biofilm genes ranged from 31.3% (20/64) for ehaAβ passenger to 100% for curli structural subunit (csgA) and curli regulators (csgA and crl). Of the 64 STEC and multi-drug resistant isolates, 70.3% (45/64) and 37.5% (24/64) formed strong biofilms on polystyrene at 22 and 37 °C, respectively. Of 59 isolates screened by PFGE, 37 showed unique patterns and the remaining isolates were grouped into five clusters with a ≥90% relatedness. In silico serotyping following WGS on a subset of 24 non-O157 STEC isolates predicted 20 serotypes comprising three novel serotypes, indicating their diversity as potential pathogens. These findings show that North West South African cattle harbour genetically diverse, virulent, antimicrobial-resistant and biofilm-forming non-O157 E. coli. Biofilm-forming ability may increase the likelihood of persistence of these pathogens in the environment and facilitate their dissemination, increasing the risk of cross contamination or establishment of infections in hosts.
Published: 2019
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40. Biofilm Formation by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli on Stainless Steel Coupons as Affected by Temperature and Incubation Time

Author: Zhi Ma, Emmanuel W. Bumunang, Kim Stanford, Xiaomei Bie, Yan D. Niu, and Tim A. McAllister
Subjects: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), biofilm formation, temperature, stainless steel, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Forming biofilm is a strategy utilized by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to survive and persist in food processing environments. We investigated the biofilm-forming potential of STEC strains from 10 clinically important serogroups on stainless steel at 22 °C or 13 °C after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Results from crystal violet staining, plate counts, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified a single isolate from each of the O113, O145, O91, O157, and O121 serogroups that was capable of forming strong or moderate biofilms on stainless steel at 22 °C. However, the biofilm-forming strength of these five strains was reduced when incubation time progressed. Moreover, we found that these strains formed a dense pellicle at the air-liquid interface on stainless steel, which suggests that oxygen was conducive to biofilm formation. At 13 °C, biofilm formation by these strains decreased (P < 0.05), but gradually increased over time. Overall, STEC biofilm formation was most prominent at 22 °C up to 24 h. The findings in this study identify the environmental conditions that may promote STEC biofilm formation in food processing facilities and suggest that the ability of specific strains to form biofilms contributes to their persistence within these environments.
Published: 2019
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41. The First LHAASO Catalog of Gamma-Ray Sources

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo., X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the first catalog of very-high energy and ultra-high energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The catalog was compiled using 508 days of data collected by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) from March 2021 to September 2022 and 933 days of data recorded by the Kilometer Squared Array (KM2A) from January 2020 to September 2022. This catalog represents the main result from the most sensitive large coverage gamma-ray survey of the sky above 1 TeV, covering declination from $-$20$^{\circ}$ to 80$^{\circ}$. In total, the catalog contains 90 sources with an extended size smaller than $2^\circ$ and a significance of detection at $> 5\sigma$. Based on our source association criteria, 32 new TeV sources are proposed in this study. Among the 90 sources, 43 sources are detected with ultra-high energy ($E > 100$ TeV) emission at $> 4\sigma$ significance level. We provide the position, extension, and spectral characteristics of all the sources in this catalog., Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2023
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42. Measurement of ultra-high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission of the Galactic plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A

Author: Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Q., Cao, W. Y., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, A. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, M. Y., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. Q., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gabici, S., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Giacinti, G., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. Y., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, B. W., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S. C., Huang, D. H., Huang, T. Q., Huang, W. J., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, X. W., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Kurinov, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, D., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Mu, H. J., Nan, Y. C., Neronov, A., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Saiz, A., Semikoz, D., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shu, F. W., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Q. W., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, C., Wang, C. B., Wang, G. W., Wang, H. G., Wang, H. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, K., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, P. H., Wang, R., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., Wu, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. F., Xu, R. X., Xu, W. L., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yan, T., Yang, C. W., Yang, F., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zha, M., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, M., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The diffuse Galactic $\gamma$-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this work we report the measurements of diffuse $\gamma$-rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner ($15^{\circ}10$~TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of $-2.99\pm0.04$, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of $\sim3$ than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of $-2.99\pm0.07$ is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for $10\lesssim E\lesssim60$ TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial variations., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters; source mask file provided as ancillary file
Published: 2023
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43. Flux Variations of Cosmic Ray Air Showers Detected by LHAASO-KM2A During a Thunderstorm on 10 June 2021

Author: LHAASO Collaboration, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, L. X., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, J. T., Cao, Zhe, Cao, Zhen, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, E. S., Chen, Liang, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, X. J., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. L., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fan, Z. X., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, X. T., Feng, Y. L., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Gao, W. K., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Gu, F. L., Guo, J. G., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, S. L., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, Q., Hu, S., Hu, S. C., Hu, X. J., Huang, D. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jia, K., Jiang, K., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, M., Kang, M. M., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. S., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Long, W. J., Lu, R., Luo, Q., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Masood, A., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Nan, Y. C., Ou, Z. W., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Sáiz, A., Shao, C. Y., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shi, J. Y., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, B. D., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. G., Wang, J. C., Wang, J. S., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, R., Wang, R. N., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Z. H. Wang. Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X. F., W, Y. S., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xiong, Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. X., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yang, C. W., Yang, F. F., Yang, H. W., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Yue, H., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zeng, Z. K., Zha, M., Zhai, X. X., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. B., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA and WFCTA. The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during the thunderstorm on 10 June 2021. The number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields, with maximum fractional increase of 20%. The variations of trigger rates (increases or decreases) are found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. The flux of secondary particles increases significantly, following a similar trend with that of the shower events. To better understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations are performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A (a code based on GEANT4). We find that the experimental data (in saturated negative fields) are in good agreement with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform upward electric field of 700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the acceleration/deceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field, the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold is modified, resulting in the changes in shower detection rate., Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2022
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44. Astrometric observations of Phoebe from 2010 to 2019 based on Gaia DR3

Author: Yan, D., Qiao, R.C., Cheng, X., Zhang, H.Y., and Yu, Y.
Published: 2025
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45. Recent Advances in the Regulation of Oxygen Vacancies in MnO2 Nanocatalysts

Author: Zhou, Y. H., Lei, X. X., Zhou, J. Y., Yan, D. L., Deng, B., Liu, Y. D., and Xu, W. L.
Published: 2023
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46. A First Glimpse at the Shell Structure beyond $^{54}$Ca: Spectroscopy of $^{55}$K, $^{55}$Ca, and $^{57}$Ca

Author: Koiwai, T., Wimmer, K., Doornenbal, P., Obertelli, A., Barbieri, C., Duguet, T., Holt, J. D., Miyagi, T., Navrátil, P., Ogata, K., Shimizu, N., Somà, V., Utsuno, Y., Yoshida, K., Achouri, N. L., Baba, H., Browne, F., f, D. Calvet, Château, F., Chen, S., Chiga, N., Corsi, A., Cortés, M. L., Delbart, A., Gheller, J. -M., Giganon, A., Gillibert, A., Hilaire, C., Isobe, T., Kobayashi, T., Kubota, Y., Lapoux, V., Liu, H. N., Motobayashi, T., Murray, I., Otsu, H., Panin, V., Paul, N., Rodriguez, W., Sakurai, H., Sasano, M., Steppenbeck, D., Stuhl, L., Sun, Y. L., Togano, Y., Uesaka, T., Yoneda, K., Aktas, O., Aumann, T., Chung, L. X., Flavigny, F., Franchoo v, S., Gasparic, I., Gerst, R. -B., Gibelin, J., Hahn, K. I., Kim, D., Kondo, Y., Koseoglou, P., Lee, J., Lehr, C., Linh, B. D., Lokotko, T., MacCormick, M., Moschner, K., Nakamura, T., Park, S. Y., Rossi, D., Sahin, E., Söderström, P-A., Sohler, D., Takeuchi, S., Toernqvist, H., Vaquero, V., Wagner, V., Wang, S., Werner, V., Xu, X., Yamada, H., Yan, D., Yang, Z., Yasuda, M., and Zanetti, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: States in the $N=35$ and 37 isotopes $^{55,57}$Ca have been populated by direct proton-induced nucleon removal reactions from $^{56,58}$Sc and $^{56}$Ca beams at the RIBF. In addition, the $(p,2p)$ quasi-free single-proton removal reaction from $^{56}$Ca was studied. Excited states in $^{55}$K, $^{55}$Ca, and $^{57}$Ca were established for the first time via in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy. Results for the proton and neutron removal reactions from $^{56}$Ca to states in $^{55}$K and $^{55}$Ca for the level energies, excited state lifetimes, and exclusive cross sections agree well with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations using different approaches. The observation of a short-lived state in $^{57}$Ca suggests a transition in the calcium isotopic chain from single-particle dominated states at $N=35$ to collective excitations at $N=37$., Comment: accepted Phys. Lett. B
Published: 2022
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47. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula

Author: The LHAASO Collaboration, Cao, Zhen, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, L. X., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, H., Cai, J. T., Cao, Zhe, Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chen, B. M., Chen, E. S., Chen, J., Chen, Liang, Chen, Long, Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, X. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Dong, X. J., Duan, K. K., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fan, Z. X., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, Y. L., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, L. Q., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, F. L., Guo, J. G., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. C., He, S. L., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, S., Hu, S. C., Hu, X. J., Huang, D. H., Huang, Q. L., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Y., Huang, Z. C., Ji, F., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jiang, K., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, C., Ke, T., Kuleshov, D., Levochkin, K., Li, B. B., Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, Jie, Li, Jian, Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X. R., Li, Xin, Li, Y., Li, Y. Z., Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. S., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. N., Liu, Z. X., Long, W. J., Lu, R., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Masood, A., Min, Z., Mitthumsiri, W., Montaruli, T., Nan, Y. C., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Qi, Y. Q., Qiao, B. Q., Qin, J. J., Ruffolo, D., Rulev, V., Sáiz, A., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shi, J. Y., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Su, Y., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, B. D., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. G., Wang, J. C., Wang, J. S., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, R. N., Wang, Wei, Wang, X. G., Wang, X. J., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, W. X., Wu, X. F., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, D. X., Xiao, G., Xiao, H. B., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. X., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yan, J. Z., Yang, C. W., Yang, F. F., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zeng, Z. K., Zha, M., Zhai, X. X., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Crab pulsar and the surrounding nebula powered by the pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind is a bright source of gamma-rays carrying crucial information about this complex conglomerate. We report the detection of $\gamma$-rays with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades, from $5\times 10^{-4}$ to $1.1$ petaelectronvolt (PeV). The ultra-high-energy photons exhibit the presence of a PeV electron accelerator (a pevatron) with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the absolute theoretical limit. Assuming that unpulsed $\gamma$-rays are produced at the termination of the pulsar's wind, we constrain the pevatron's size, between $0.025$ and $0.1$ pc, and the magnetic field $\approx 110 \mu$G. The production rate of PeV electrons, $2.5 \times 10^{36}$ erg $\rm s^{-1}$, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar's spin-down luminosity, although we do not exclude a non-negligible contribution of PeV protons to the production of the highest energy $\gamma$-rays., Comment: 43 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables; Published in Science
Published: 2021
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48. H$\alpha$ and He I absorption in HAT-P-32 b observed with CARMENES -- Detection of Roche lobe overflow and mass loss

Author: Czesla, S., Lampón, M., Sanz-Forcada, J., Muñoz, A. García, López-Puertas, M., Nortmann, L., Yan, D., Nagel, E., Yan, F., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Aceituno, J., Amado, P. J., Caballero, J. A., Casasayas-Barris, N., Henning, Th., Khalafinejad, S., Molaverdikhani, K., Montes, D., Pallé, E., Reiners, A., Schneider, P. C., Ribas, I., Quirrenbach, A., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, and Zechmeister, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We analyze two high-resolution spectral transit time series of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-32 b obtained with the CARMENES spectrograph. Our new XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the system show that the fast-rotating F-type host star exhibits a high X-ray luminosity of 2.3e29~erg/s (5-100 A), corresponding to a flux of 6.9e4 erg/cm**2/s at the planetary orbit, which results in an energy-limited escape estimate of about 1e13 g/s for the planetary mass-loss rate. The spectral time series show significant, time-dependent absorption in the Halpha and He I triplet lines with maximum depths of about 3.3% and 5.3%. The mid-transit absorption signals in the Halpha and He I lines are consistent with results from one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, which also yields mass-loss rates on the order of 1e13 g/s. We observe an early ingress of a redshifted component of the transmission signal, which extends into a redshifted absorption component, persisting until about the middle of the optical transit. While a super-rotating wind can explain redshifted ingress absorption, we find that an up-orbit stream, transporting planetary mass in the direction of the star, also provides a plausible explanation for the pre-transit signal. This makes HAT-P-32 a benchmark system for exploring atmospheric dynamics via transmission spectroscopy., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2021
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49. Investigation of the ground-state spin inversion in the neutron-rich 47,49Cl isotopes

Author: Linh, B. D., Corsi, A., Gillibert, A., Obertelli, A., Doornenbal, P., Barbieri, C., Chen, S., Chung, L. X., Duguet, T., Gómez-Ramos, M., Holt, J. D., Moro, A., Navrátil, P., Ogata, K., Phuc, N. T. T., Shimizu, N., Somà, V., Utsuno, Y., Achouri, N. L., Baba, H., Browne, F., Calvet, D., Château, F., Chiga, N., Cortés, M. L., Delbart, A., Gheller, J. -M., Giganon, A., Hilaire, C., Isobe, T., Kobayashi, T., Kubota, Y., Lapoux, V., Liu, H. N., Motobayashi, T., Murray, I., Otsu, H., Panin, V., Paul, N., Rodriguez, W., Sakurai, H., Sasano, M., Steppenbeck, D., Stuhl, L., Sun, Y. L., Togano, Y., Uesaka, T., Wimmer, K., Yoneda, K., Aktas, O., Aumann, T., Flavigny, F., Franchoo, S., Gašparić, I., Gerst, R. -B., Gibelin, J., Hahn, K. I., Khai, N. T., Kim, D., Koiwai, T., Kondo, Y., Koseoglou, P., Lee, J., Lehr, C., Lokotko, T., MacCormick, M., Moschner, K., Nakamura, T., Park, S. Y., Rossi, D., Sahin, E., Sohler, D., Söderström, P. -A., Takeuchi, S., Ton, N. D., Törnqvist, H., Vaquero, V., Wagner, V., Wang, H., Werner, V., Xu, X., Yamada, Y., Yan, D., Yang, Z., Yasuda, M., and Zanetti, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: A first gamma-ray study of 47,49Cl spectroscopy was performed at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory with 50Ar projectiles at 217 MeV/nucleon, impinging on the liquid hydrogen target of the MINOS device. Prompt de-excitation gamma-rays were measured with the NaI(Tl) array DALI2+. Through the one-proton knockout reaction 50Ar(p,2p), a spin assignment could be determined for the low-lying states of 49Cl from the momentum distribution obtained with the SAMURAI spectrometer. A spin-parity J = 3/2+ is deduced for the ground state of 49Cl, similar to the recently studied N = 32 isotope 51K.
Published: 2021
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50. On Weighted Compactness of Oscillation and Variation of Commutators Associated with Schrödinger Operators

Author: Ge, A., He, Q., and Yan, D.
Published: 2023
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