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With the increasingly severe situation of obesity and population aging, there is growing concern about sarcopenia obesity (SO). SO refers to the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, which imposes a heavier burden on individuals and society compared to obesity or sarcopenia alone. Therefore, comprehending the pathogenesis of SO and implementing effective clinical interventions are vital for its prevention and treatment. This review uses a comprehensive literature search and analysis of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, with search terms including "Sarcopenic obesity", "exercise", "cytokines", "inflammation", "mitochondrial quality control", and "microRNA", covering relevant studies published up to July 2024. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of SO is complex, involving mechanisms like age-related changes in body composition, hormonal alterations, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Regarding exercise interventions for SO, aerobic exercise can reduce fat mass, resistance exercise can increase skeletal muscle mass and strength, and combined exercise can achieve both, making it the optimal intervention for SO. The potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent and treat SO include regulating cytokine secretion, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, improving mitochondrial quality, and mediating microRNA expression. This review emphasizes the effectiveness of exercise interventions in mitigating sarcopenic obesity through comprehensive analysis of its multifactorial pathogenesis and the mechanistic insights into exercise's therapeutic effects. Understanding these mechanisms informs targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the societal and individual burdens associated with SO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts composed of earth-abundant elements are crucial to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in high-energy conversion efficiency. Herein, TiO 2 /MoS 2 -NTs catalyst, in which the MoS 2 nanotubes were loaded with TiO 2 nanoparticles, have been synthesized via a facile solvothermal and hydrothermal method. The as-prepared TiO 2 /MoS 2 -NTs electrocatalyst demonstrated enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance compared with MoS 2 -NTs. Electrochemical measurements reveal the overpotential and Tafel slope of as-prepared TiO 2 /MoS 2 -NTs are -0.21 V and 42 mV dec -1 . The HER improvement is proposed to be attributed to the increased edge sites results from the interfaces and synergic effect between TiO 2 nanoparticles and MoS 2 nanotubes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)