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// Zhong Liu 1, * , Ge Liu 1, * , Guang-Lin Zhang 1, * , Jun Li 1 , Yan-Qing He 2 , Shu-Shu Zhang 3 , Yi Wang 1 , Wei-Yi He 1 , Guo-Hua Cheng 4 , Xuesong Yang 2 , Jun Xu 3 , Ju Wang 1 1 Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China 2 Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China 3 Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China 4 College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ju Wang, email: wangju1688@163.com Keywords: heterocomplex, FGF-2, soluble FGFR2, tumor inhibition, angiogenesis Received: April 03, 2016 Accepted: August 24, 2016 Published: September 16, 2016 ABSTRACT FGFRs are considered essential targets for cancer therapy. We previously reported that msFGFR2c, a Ser252Trp mutant soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc, inhibited tumor growth by blocking FGF signaling pathway. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still obscure. In this study, we reported that msFGFR2c but not wild-type soluble ectodomain of FGFR2IIIc (wsFGFR2c) could selectively bind to c subtype of FGFRs in the presence of FGF-2. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that msFGFR2c bound to wsFGFR2c in the presence of FGF-2 with a K value of 6.61 × 10 5 M −1 . Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutated residue Trp252 of msFGFR2c preferred a π-π interaction with His254 of wsFGFR2c. Concomitantly, Arg255 of msFGFR2c and Glu250 of wsFGFR2c adjusted their conformations and formed three H-bonds. These two interactions therefore stabilized the final structure of wsFGFR2c and msFGFR2c heterocomplex. In FGFR2IIIc-positive/high FGF-2-secreted BT-549 cells, msFGFR2c significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis by the blockage of FGF-2-activated FGFRs phosphorylation, also the growth and angiogenesis of its xenograft tumors implanted in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model. While weaker the above inhibitory effects of msFGFR2c were observed on FGFR2IIIc-negative/low FGF-2-secreted MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, msFGFR2c significantly inhibited the proliferation of FGFR1IIIc-positive NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells by the suppression of FGF-2-induced FGFR1 activation and suppressed the growth of NCI-H1299 transplanted tumors in nude mice. In sum, msFGFR2c is a potential anti-tumor agent targeting FGFR2c/FGFR1c-positive tumor cells. These findings also provide a molecular basis for msFGFR2c to disrupt the activation of FGF signaling.

n-Hexane is widely used in industry and its metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), has been implicated as a neural toxin in the developing fetus. Using the chick embryo model, we have previously revealed the neurotoxicity of 2,5-HD during development and established that high dose of 2,5-HD was embryo lethal. In view of the close linkage in biology for neurogenesis and angiogenesis, we speculated that it was most likely caused by cardiovascular dysplasia, therefore in this study, we investigated the effects of 2,5-HD on the development of the vasculature, which involves vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Using gastrulating chick embryos as a model, we demonstrated that the hemangioblasts (precursor of hematopoietic and endothelial cells) migrated to the area opaca where they form the blood islands. However, this process was impaired when the embryos were treated with 2,5-HD, suggesting that 2,5-HD is capable of impairing vasculogenesis. To study the effect of 2,5-HD exposure on angiogenesis, we used the chick yolk-sac membrane (YSM) and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. We found that, at low (0.02M) concentration, 2,5-HD stimulated angiogenesis while at higher concentrations (>0.1M) it inhibited this process. This biphasic response of angiogenesis to 2,5-HD exposure was found to be associated with altered expression of the VEGF-R, FGF-2 and angiogenin. Moreover, we also determined that 2,5-HD exposure increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In conclusion, 2,5-HD could induce dysplasia in the developing vasculature, which in turn could cause extravascular hemolysis and the embryos to die.

Analysls the general method of microorganism immobilization and the character of thc common used carrier;And study the removal efficiency using the immobilized microorganism grain to treat micro-polluted , analysis the influence of the carrier constrction on thc microorganism immobilization and the activity of tbe immobilized microorganism.

1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazine iodide (DMPP) is a synthetic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that could reduce airway inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that DMPP could dramatically inhibit glioma size maintained on the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We first performed MTT and BrdU incorporation experiments on U87 glioma cells in vitro to understand the mechanism involved. We established that DMPP did not significantly affect U87 cell proliferation and survival. We speculated that DMPP directly caused the tumor to regress by affecting the vasculature in and around the implanted tumor on our chick CAM model. Hence, we conducted detailed analysis of DMPP's inhibitory effects on angiogenesis. Three vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo models were used in the study which included (1) early chick blood islands formation, (2) chick yolk-sac membrane (YSW) and (3) CAM models. The results revealed that DMPP directly suppressed all developmental stages involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis - possibly by acting through Ang-1 and HIF-2α signaling. In sum, our results show that DMPP could induce glioma regression grown on CAM by inhibiting vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

Ecological environment problems of Zhangjiakou area in the construction of the circle of green economy around the capital were analyzed; It was proposed to solve these problems in the improvement of ecological environment in Zhangjiakou, and development plans and measures for cracking those problems are analyzed and discussed.

The dyeing wastewater was treated via oxidation, coagulation and adsorption with Fenton reagent and blast-furnace ash. The removal efficiencies of colority and COD reached 90% and over 70% respectively.The proper process conditions were deter mined as follows: the pH of wastewater was 6, the dose of H2O2was 40mL/L, the dose of FeSO4was 0.3moL/L, and the dose of ash was 40g/L, and the retention time was 20 min.

In the alliance of the manufacturer and TPL, the manufacturer logistics service would exist in supply short risk because the market demand which the manufacturer facing was uncertain. The coordination of logistics alliance was studied with uncertain logistics demand. Firstly, the decision behaviors of the manufacturer and TPL were analyzed in decentralized decision. Then the results between decentralized decision and centralized decision were compared, and found that decentralized decision couldn’t reach the performances of centralized decision. The coordination mechanism based on cost-sharing was proposed. The analysis results of the coordination model indicated that the Pareto improvement of logistics alliance parties and the optimization of whole alliance could be achieved by designing appropriate cost-sharing ratio.

Abstract Global climate change is one of the serious problems faced by humankind in the 21st century. Developing policies and practices that tackle climate change without removing opportunities for growth and development has become one of the most significant challenges for governments and industry. The oil companies may contribute to the greenhouse gas control by developing low carbon energy, capturing, utilizing and storing carbon dioxide, continuously improving the energy efficiency and providing efficient products. To realize the greenhouse gas control goal, the need for technological innovation is dramatic and increasing. The companies are suggested to manage the relavant technologies in a strategic way, care and participate in the policy making and join the international network to accelerate the innovation process. The strategy, practice and technological innovation cases of CNPC in greenhouse gas control are introduced. The challenge of global climate change Global climate change is one of the serious problems faced by humankind in the 21st century. In particular, with increasing growth of fossil fuel (such as coal and oil) consumption, the emission of greenhouse gas (such as CO2) has kept growing. According to the WEO (world energy outlook) 2008, in the Reference Scenario, rising global fossil-fuel use will continue to drive up energy-related CO2 emissions, from 28 Gt in 2006 to 41 Gt in 2020 - an increase of 45%. The Reference Scenario trends in world energy use put the world on course for the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere to double from 380 parts per million in 2005 to around 700 ppm in the next century. Taking into account all greenhouse gases in all sectors, this would lead to a CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) concentration of around 1 000 ppm, corresponding to a rise in global average temperature of up to 6°C, relative to pre-industrial levels. There is a growing scientific consensus that anthropogenic greenhouse gases are driving detrimental climate change. If GHG emissions are not reduced to significantly below current levels within the next few decades, there will be further warming and sea-level rise for centuries to come. This will result in adverse impacts on human health, natural ecosystems, and the economy. Co-ordinated action is needed urgently to put the world on a different emissions trajectory (figure 1).