Search

There are many contradictions in previous studies of the status of depressive symptoms among Chinese migrant children, the number of which in the compulsory education stage is about 13.9 million. This systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to compare depressive symptoms among migrant children and their urban children. Around 2,710 papers were retrieved from PubMed, OVID, the Web of Knowledge, CNKI, Wan Fang, Chongqing VIP, and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index on January 27, 2020. Thirty-Two studies met study criteria with 14,906 migrant children and 10,792 urban children. Migrant children scored significantly higher for depressive symptoms score (SMD = 0.307, 95% CI [0.222, 0.393]). Region significantly influenced the difference of depressive symptoms between migrant children and urban children. Large effect sizes came from studies using scales that focus on depressive mood while studies using scales that focus on depressive behavioural symptoms had small effect sizes. Future research should focus on treatments to decrease depressive mood of migrant children. Future studies can add information about the length of their current stay in the urban location to improve the quality of study. PROSPERO registry: Systematic review registration no. CRD42018090676.

Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) are widely explored for diverse applications including wearable electronics, camouflage, and smart windows. However, the manufacturing process of patterned FECDs remains complex, costly, and non‐customizable. To address this challenge, a strategy is proposed to prepare integrated FECDs via multi‐material direct writing 3D printing. By designing novel viologen/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel inks and systematically evaluating the printability of various inks, seamless interface integration can be achieved, enabling streamlined manufacturing of patterned FECDs with continuous production capabilities. The resultant 3D‐printed FECDs exhibit excellent electrochromic and mechanical properties, including high optical contrast (up to 54% at 360 nm), nice cycling stability (less than 5% electroactivity reduction after 10 000 s), and mechanical stability (less than 19% optimal contrast decrease after 5000 cycles of bending). The potential applications of these 3D‐printed hydrogel‐based FECDs are further demonstrated in wearable electronics, camouflage, and smart windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Branch number is one of the most important agronomic traits of fruit trees such as peach. Little is known about how LncRNA and/or miRNA modules regulate branching through transcription factors.Here, we used molecular and genetic tools to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (BR) altering plant branching.We found that the number of sylleptic branch and BR content in pillar peach ('Zhaoshouhong') was lower than those of standard type ('Okubo'), and exogenous BR application could significantly promote branching. PpTCP4 expressed great differentially comparing 'Zhaoshouhong' with 'Okubo'. PpTCP4 could directly bind to DWARF2 (PpD2) and inhibited its expression. PpD2 was the only one differentially expressed key gene in the path of BR biosynthesis. At the same time, PpTCP4 was identified as a target of miR6288b‐3p. LncRNA1 could act as the endogenous target mimic of miR6288b‐3p and repress expression of miR6288b‐3p. Three deletions and five SNP sites of lncRNA1 promoter were found in 'Zhaoshouhong', which was an important cause of different mRNA level of PpTCP4 and BR content. Moreover, overexpressed PpTCP4 significantly inhibited branching.A novel mechanism in which the lncRNA1‐miR6288b‐3p‐PpTCP4‐PpD2 module regulates peach branching number was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an effective method for in vivo carbon monoxide (CO) generation for antibacterial use. However, the available strategies mainly focus on utilizing visible‐light‐responsive photocatalysts to achieve CO generation. The limited penetration capability of visible light hinders CO generation in deep‐seated tissues. Herein, a photothermal CO2 catalyst (abbreviated as NNBCs) to achieve an efficient hyperthermic effect and in situ CO generation is rationally developed, to simultaneously suppress bacterial proliferation and relieve inflammatory responses. The NNBCs are modified with a special polyethylene glycol and further embellished by bicarbonate (BC) decoration via ferric ion‐mediated coordination. Upon exposure to 1064 nm laser irradiation, the NNBCs facilitated efficient photothermal conversion and in situ CO generation through photothermal CO2 catalysis. Specifically, the photothermal effect accelerated the decomposition of BC to produce CO2 for photothermal catalytic CO production. Benefiting from the hyperthermic effect and in situ CO production, in vivo assessments using an osteomyelitis model confirmed that NNBCs can simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and attenuate the photothermal effect‐associated pro‐inflammatory response. This study represents the first attempt to develop high‐performance photothermal CO2 nanocatalysts to achieve in situ CO generation for the concurrent inhibition of bacterial growth and attenuation of inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of heteroaggregates is critical to controlling the stabilization and transformation of nanominerals and mineral nanoparticles (NMMNs) in nature, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be deciphered. In this work, we study the effect of surface interactions between ferrihydrite (Fh) and montmorillonite (Mnt) within their heteroaggregates on the transformation behaviors of Fh. A series of heteroaggregates composed of Fh and Mnt were synthesized by modulating their mass ratios and synthesis methods, i.e., directly complexing Fh with Mnt (Fh-Mnt) or in situ growing Fh on Mnt (Fh/Mnt). Structural characterization using XRD, TG-DSC, TEM, and FTIR indicated that Fh particles coated more evenly on the Mnt surface within the heteroaggregates synthesized by in situ growing Fh on Mnt and with lower Fh to Mnt ratio, and accordingly these heteroaggregates showed stronger surface interactions between Fh and Mnt. The phase transformation of Fh to hematite (Hem) on the heteroaggregates can be significantly affected during the heating treatment. Compared with that of pure Fh, the transformation of Fh on all of the heteroaggregates was retarded (e.g., slower transformation rate and smaller produced Hem particles), particularly for the samples with stronger surface interactions (e.g., Fh/Mnt with lower Fh to Mnt ratio). Noticeably, the heated heteroaggregates may simultaneously contain pristine Fh, intermediate maghemite, and transformed Hem, showing a heterogeneous transformation behavior of Fh. The strong interactions between Fh and Mnt will enhance the dispersion of Fh and restrict the structural rearrangement of Fh (particularly those at the interface) during the phase transformation process, resulting in retarded and heterogenous transformation of Fh on these heteroaggregates. These findings not only enrich our knowledge of the phase transformation characteristics of Fh but also advance our understanding of the important role of mineral surface interactions in stabilizing NMMNs in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]