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Earth‐rich Ca2+ ions for energy storage can endow batteries with low‐cost and high‐energy merits, yet remain hampered by difficult Ca2+ plating/stripping and (de)intercalation. Herein, by bridging Zn2+/Ca2+‐storage chemistries, a high‐voltage and stable Ca2+‐based hybrid battery (CHB) in a hetero‐solvation electrolyte (HSE) is initially achieved. With a [Ca2+(H2O)(acetonitrile)(CF3SO3)−] hetero‐solvation unit, the HSE not only allows a reversible in situ Zn stripping/plating to circumvent the low‐capacity/high‐potential limitation of non‐stripping/plating‐type anodes for Ca2+ storage but also effectively overcomes kinetics‐sluggish Ca2+ (de)intercalation usually occurring in conventional organic electrolytes. The acetonitrile‐rich water‐lean anode interface synergized by the electrostatic shielding effect of Ca2⁺ ions plays a conducive role in facilitating highly reversible Zn stripping/plating. Moreover, the lubricating/shielding properties of water molecules in the hetero‐solvation unit effectively boost the Ca2+/Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction into/from the KNiMnPB/G cathode. Consequently, the HSE affords an endurable Zn stripping/plating over 1600 h, endows KNiMnPB/G//Zn battery with a high operating voltage of up to 1.85 V at 0.1 A g−1, and demonstrates decent stability over 400 cycles at 1 A g−1, outperforming most aqueous Ca2+‐based batteries with non‐stripping/plating‐type anodes. This work sheds new light on the development of high‐voltage aqueous CHBs by bridging Zn2+/Ca2+‐storage chemistries, which would boost to pursue other high‐energy multivalent‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gradual disability of Zn anode and high negative/positive electrode (N/P) ratio usually depreciate calendar life and energy density of aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs). Herein, within original Zn2+‐free hydrated electrolytes, a steric hindrance/electric field shielding‐driven "hydrophobic ion barrier" is engineered towards ultradurable (002) plane‐exposed Zn stripping/plating to solve this issue. Guided by theoretical simulations, hydrophobic adiponitrile (ADN) is employed as a steric hindrance agent to ally with inert electric field shielding additive (Mn2+) for plane adsorption priority manipulation, thereby constructing the "hydrophobic ion barrier". This design robustly suppresses the (002) plane/dendrite growth, enabling ultradurable (002) plane‐exposed dendrite‐free Zn stripping/plating. Even being cycled in Zn‖Zn symmetric cell over 2150 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, the efficacy remains well‐kept. Additionally, Zn‖Zn symmetric cells can be also stably cycled over 918 h at 1 mA cm−2, verifying uncompromised Zn stripping/plating kinetics. As‐assembled anode‐less Zn‖VOPO4 ⋅ 2H2O full cells with a low N/P ratio (2 : 1) show a high energy density of 75.2 Wh kg−1full electrode after 842 cycles at 1 A g−1, far surpassing counterparts with thick Zn anode and low cathode loading mass, featuring excellent practicality. This study opens a new avenue by robust "hydrophobic ion barrier" design to develop long‐life anode‐less Zn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from "bottom–up" Zn plating/stripping, "top–down" Zn stripping/plating provides a new perspective to reinvent current aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs), yet related studies remain absent. Herein, a chelation‐induced solvation barrier remodeling strategy is initiated toward fast‐kinetics "top–down" Zn stripping/plating in original Zn2+‐free water‐lean organic electrolytes (WLOE) for durable Zn batteries. It is found that in WLOE, the initial Zn stripping kinetics of the Zn anode remarkably limits the "top–down" Zn stripping/plating. The intervention of multidentate chelant (2‐methoxyethylamine, MEA) in WLOE greatly lowers the solvation reorganization energy of in situ stripped Zn2+ from the Zn anode, enabling the fast‐kinetics "top–down" Zn stripping/plating. Spectral characterization and fitted overpotential‐reorganization energy correlation strongly confirm the underlying mechanism. As such, the Zn stripping/plating in the MEA‐mediated WLOE shows a 90‐fold‐enhanced current response, triple‐lowered overpotential, and 170‐fold‐prolonged cyclability (over 1700 h at 0.5 mA cm−2) of those in MEA‐free counterpart. The assembled Zn||LiFePO4 hybrid full cell in MEA‐regulated WLOE exhibits a distinct and high voltage plateau of 1.50 V and a low polarization voltage of 0.14 V, far surpassing those in conventional WLOE. This work opens a new avenue to break the kinetics bottleneck of Zn stripping/plating in WLOE for durable Zn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates a novel approach for assessing the health status of rotating machinery transmission systems by analyzing the dynamic degradation of bearings. The proposed method generates multi-dimensional data by creating virtual states and constructs a multi-dimensional model using virtual state-space in conjunction with mechanism model analysis. Innovatively, the Hammerstein–Wiener (HW) modeling technique from control theory is applied to identify these dynamic multi-dimensional models. The modeling experiments are performed, focusing on the model's input and output types, the selection of nonlinear module estimators, the configuration of linear module transfer functions, and condition transfer. Dynamic degradation response signals are generated, and the method is validated using four widely recognized databases consisting of accurate measurement signals collected by vibration sensors. Experimental results demonstrated that the model achieved a modeling accuracy of 99% for multiple bearings under various conditions. The effectiveness of this dynamic modeling method is further confirmed through comparative experimental data and signal images. This approach offers a novel reference for evaluating the health status of transmission systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among six‐electron Te conversion for energetic aqueous Zn batteries, the main capacity contributor, Te0/Te4+ redox usually causes substantial battery capacity/life discount due to its sluggish kinetics/poor reversibility. Herein, for the first time, an offense‐defense‐balanced strategy to simultaneously address the deficiencies is reported. Beyond previous proton‐ or reductant‐regulated solutions, this strategy efficaciously reconciles the pending capacity‐lifespan conflict. As a proof of concept, additive‐level nucleophilic chlorine ions (Cl−) and reductive glucose (Glu) in electrolytes are synergistically employed as "offensiver" and "defender" for Te0/Te4+ conversion, respectively. The Cl−/Glu co‐additive well inherits the nucleophilic motivation effect of Cl− on Te0/Te4+ conversion, and eliminates the formation of Cl−‐induced diffluent metastable phase (γ‐TeO2), enabling a deep and highly reversible Te0/Te4+ redox. Compared with co‐additive‐free electrolytes, the activation energy for Te conversion is lowered (61.4 vs. 52.8 kJ mol−1), and the shuttle of active materials is effectively inhibited. Consequently, Zn‖Te batteries deliver a volumetric capacity of approximately theoretical value (2409 mAh cm−3) at 0.2 A g−1, and a 15∼30‐fold longer lifespan than those in conventional electrolytes (over 5000 cycles with a decay of only 0.15‰ per cycle at 4 A g−1). This work opens a new avenue to develop other chalcogen conversion‐based aqueous Zn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa cv. Dalixiang and the wild rice species Oryza meyeriana. Inoculation with a range of strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae showed that Y73 had inherited a high level of resistance to rice bacterial blight (BB) from its wild parent. An F2 population of 7125 individuals was constructed from the cross between Y73 and a BB-susceptible cultivar IR24. After testing 615 SSR and STS markers covering the 12 rice chromosomes, 186 markers were selected that showed polymorphism between Y73 and IR24. Molecular markers linked to the BB resistance genes in Y73 were scanned using the F2 population and the polymorphic markers. The SSR marker RM128 on chromosome 1, the STS marker R03D159 on chromosome 3 and the STS marker R05D104 on chromosome 5 were found to be linked to the rice BB resistance genes in Y73.

Background: Medicago sativa is the most important forage world widely, and is characterized by high quality and large biomass. While abiotic factors such as salt stress can negatively impact the growth and productivity of alfalfa. Maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis in the cytoplasm helps reduce cell damage and nutritional deprivation, which increases a salt-tolerance of plant. Teosinte Branched1/ Cycloidea/ Proliferating cell factors (TCP) family genes, a group of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), involved in regulating plant growth and development and abiotic stresses. Recent studies have shown TCPs control the Na+/K+ concentration of plants during salt stress. In order to improve alfalfa salt tolerance, it is important to identify alfalfa TCP genes and investigate if and how they regulate alfalfa Na+/K+ homeostasis. Results: Seventy-one MsTCPs including 23 non-redundant TCP genes were identified in the database of alfalfa genome (C.V XinJiangDaYe), they were classified into class I PCF (37 members) and class II: CIN (28 members) and CYC/TB1 (9 members). Their distribution on chromosome were unequally. MsTCPs belonging to PCF were expressed specifically in different organs without regularity, which belonging to CIN class were mainly expressed in mature leaves. MsTCPs belongs to CYC/TB1 clade had the highest expression level at meristem. Cis-elements in the promoter of MsTCPs were also predicted, the results indicated that most of the MsTCPs will be induced by phytohormone and stress treatments, especially by ABA-related stimulus including salinity stress. We found 20 out of 23 MsTCPs were up-regulated in 200 mM NaCl treatment, and MsTCP3/14/15/18 were significantly induced by 10 μM KCl, a K+ deficiency treatment. Fourteen non-redundant MsTCPs contained miR319 target site, 11 of them were upregulated in MIM319 transgenic alfalfa, and among them four (MsTCP3/4/10A/B) genes were directly degraded by miR319. MIM319 transgene alfalfa plants showed a salt sensitive phenotype, which caused by a lower content of potassium in alfalfa at least partly. The expression of potassium transported related genes showed significantly higher expression in MIM319 plants. Conclusions: We systematically analyzes the MsTCP gene family at a genome-wide level and reported that miR319-TCPs model played a function in K+ up-taking and/ or transportation especially in salt stress. The study provide valuable information for future study of TCP genes in alfalfa and supplies candidate genes for salt-tolerance alfalfa molecular-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]