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Atom manufacturing has become a blooming frontier direction in the field of material and chemical science in recent years, focusing on the fabrication of functional materials and devices with individual atoms or with atomic precision. Framework nucleic acids (FNAs) refer to nanoscale nucleic acid framework structures with novel properties distinct from those of conventional nucleic acids. Due to their ability to be precisely positioned and assembled at the nanometer or even atomic scale, FNAs are ideal materials for atom manufacturing. They hold great promise for the bottom-up construction of electronic devices by precisely arranging and integrating building blocks with atomic or near-atomic precision. In this review, we summarize the progress of atom manufacturing based on FNAs. We begin by introducing the atomic-precision construction of FNAs and the intrinsic electrical properties of DNA molecules. Then, we describe various approaches for the fabrication of FNAs templated materials and devices, which are classified as conducting, insulating, or semiconducting based on their electrical properties. We highlight the role of FNAs in the fabrication of functional electronic devices with atomic precision, as well as the challenges and opportunities for atom manufacturing with FNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During development, many aspects of behaviour, including partner preferences and sexual behaviour, are "organized" by neural aromatization of androgen and oestrogen. This study aimed to analyse these processes in the mandarin vole (Microtus mandarinus); this is a novel mammalian model exhibiting strong monogamous pair bonds. Male pups were treated daily with a sesame oil only (MC) or the oestrogen receptor blocker‐clomiphene citrate sesame oil mixture (MT) from prenatal day 14 to postnatal day 10. Female pups were treated daily with sesame oil only (FC). Partner preferences, sexual behaviour, and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were examined when animals were 3 months old. The MT and FC groups exhibited male‐directed partner preferences and feminized behaviour. AR‐immunoreactive neurons (AR‐IRs) in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) were reduced in MT males compared to MC males, and there was no significant difference in the number of AR‐IRs between MT males and FC females. AVP‐immunoreactive neurons (AVP‐IRs) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) were reduced in MT males compared to MC males, and there were no significant differences in the number of AVP‐IRs between MT males and FC females. The results indicate a significant role of hormone signalling in the development of male mate preference in the novel monogamous mammal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the complex but regular characteristics of bus routines into account, the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) might be a method with more potential to optimize the energy management of a plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB). However, the discrete transmission system and the continuous power system make it a complicated multidimensional optimal problem, particularly for PHEB with automated mechanical transmission (AMT), and the optimal decisions, which are obtained based on historical data, might not always well satisfy the driver's expectation to vehicle maneuverability under various driving conditions. To solve these problems, an adaptive approach based on the SDP is proposed in this paper. Exhaustively, the SDP is propelled into the input of the transmission to only optimize the torque split under the special gearshift logic, which reduces the dimensions of optimization and obtains more applicable optimal sequences. Then, an adaptive factor, which trades off the vehicle fuel economy and drivability in real time by dynamically adjusting the gearshift points and the torque split, is developed for the variation of the complicated bus driving cycles. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method could well respond to the variations of the driving conditions (e.g., road grade and vehicle load). Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is discussed in detail by comparisons with different control strategies. More importantly, the proposed approach has great potential to be applied in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The series-parallel architecture of the plug-in hybrid electric powertrain has attracted wide attentions in recent years for its flexible and highly efficient operating modes. However, despite the improvement of the vehicle fuel economy, it has been gradually facing more challenges on the design of the optimal controller due to the complex structure and the fast depletion of the battery. In this paper, a two-step optimal energy management strategy is proposed for a novel single-shaft series-parallel powertrain. In the first step, an equivalent method is adopted, in which two motors are equivalently regarded as one. After detailed analysis of the operating modes, various objective functions are established to pre-optimize the power split between engine and motor or two motors. In the second step, a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is adopted to optimize the power split between the engine and the equivalent motor, and the optimal combination of the operating modes. Then coupled with the pre-optimized results of the first step, the optimal power split among the engine and two motors could be obtained and then constructed as simple lookup-tables, which have great potential for practical applications. Finally, the preliminary test about the real-time performance of the optimal results is developed on the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of tire side-slip angle and lateral tire force is crucial to vehicle lateral stability control which can enhance vehicle handling and passenger safety. However, due to high costs of sensors and limitations to sensor technologies, ordinary automobiles cannot measure the tire side-slip angle and lateral tire force directly during vehicle operation. Therefore, the accurate, affordable monitoring of lateral vehicle motion is essential. This paper presents a unified observation algorithm to simultaneously estimate the tire side-slip angle and lateral tire force of all four wheels. Firstly, an adaptive-sliding-mode observer (ASMO) is utilized to estimate the lateral tire force of each wheel. Secondly, the tire side-slip angle of each wheel can be estimated by an adaptive compensation algorithm (ACA). Simulations and real car experiments are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and extended kalman filter (EKF) is used to compare with our proposed algorithm. Results show that the designed observer can effectively estimate tire side-slip angles and lateral tire forces of all four wheels, and its performance is better than EKF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm for simultaneously estimating the vehicle mass and road grade for hybrid electric bus (HEB). First, the road grade in current step is estimated using extended Kalman filter (EKF) with the initial state including velocity and engine torque. Second, the vehicle mass is estimated twice, one with EKF and the other with recursive least square (RLS) using the estimated road grade. A more accurate value of the estimated mass is acquired by weighting the trade-off between EKF and RLS. Finally, the road grade and vehicle mass thus obtained are used as the initial states for the next step, and two variables could be decoupled from the nonlinear vehicle dynamics by performing the above procedure repeatedly. Simulation results show that in different starting conditions, the proposed algorithm provides higher accuracy and faster convergence speed, compared with the results using EKF or RLS alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine biofouling is one of the most significant challenges hindering practical uranium extraction from seawater. Single atoms have been widely used in catalytic applications because of their remarkable redox property, implying that the single atom is highly capable of catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acts as an anti‐biofouling substance for controlling biofouling. In this study, the Co single atom loaded polyacrylamidoxime (PAO) material, PAO‐Co, is fabricated based on the binding ability of the amidoxime group to uranyl and cobalt ions. Nitrogen and oxygen atoms from the amidoxime group stabilize the Co single atom. The fabricated PAO‐Co exhibits a broad range of antimicrobial activity against diverse marine microorganisms by producing ROS, with an inhibition rate up to 93.4%. The present study is the first to apply the single atom for controlling biofouling. The adsorbent achieves an ultrahigh uranium adsorption capacity of 9.7 mg g−1 in biofouling‐containing natural seawater, which decreased only by 11% compared with that in biofouling‐removed natural seawater. These findings indicate that applying single atoms would be a promising strategy for designing biofouling‐resistant adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive coordination structure is vital for selective uranium extraction from seawater. By strategy of molecular imprinting, uranyl is introduced into a multivariate metal–organic framework (MOF) during the synthesis process to guide the in situ construction of proper nanocage structure for targeting uranyl binding. Except for the coordination between uranium with four oxygen from the materials, the axial oxygen of uranyl also forms hydrogen bonds with hydrogen from the phenolic hydroxyl group, which enhances the binding affinity of the material to uranyl. Attributing to the high binding affinity, the adsorbent shows high uranium binding selectivity to uranyl against not only the interfering metal ions, but also the carbonate group that coordinates with uranyl to form [UO2(CO)3]4− in seawater. In natural seawater, the adsorbent realizes a high uranium adsorption capacity of 7.35 mg g−1, together with an 18.38 times higher selectivity to vanadium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive coordination structure is vital for selective uranium extraction from seawater. By strategy of molecular imprinting, uranyl is introduced into a multivariate metal–organic framework (MOF) during the synthesis process to guide the in situ construction of proper nanocage structure for targeting uranyl binding. Except for the coordination between uranium with four oxygen from the materials, the axial oxygen of uranyl also forms hydrogen bonds with hydrogen from the phenolic hydroxyl group, which enhances the binding affinity of the material to uranyl. Attributing to the high binding affinity, the adsorbent shows high uranium binding selectivity to uranyl against not only the interfering metal ions, but also the carbonate group that coordinates with uranyl to form [UO2(CO)3]4− in seawater. In natural seawater, the adsorbent realizes a high uranium adsorption capacity of 7.35 mg g−1, together with an 18.38 times higher selectivity to vanadium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of environmental uranyl is attracting increasing attention. However, the available detection strategies mainly depend on the selective recognition of uranyl, which is subject to severe interference by coexisting metal ions. Herein, based on the unique uranyl‐triggered photocleavage property, the protein BSA is labelled with fluorescent molecules that exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission effect for uranyl detection. Uranyl‐triggered photocleavage causes the separation of the fluorescent‐molecule‐labelled protein fragments, leading to attenuation of the emission fluorescence, which is used as a signal for uranyl detection. This detection strategy shows high selectivity for uranyl and an ultralow detection limit of 24 pM with a broad detection range covering five orders of magnitude. The detection method also shows high reliability and stability, making it a promising technique for practical applications in diverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of environmental uranyl is attracting increasing attention. However, the available detection strategies mainly depend on the selective recognition of uranyl, which is subject to severe interference by coexisting metal ions. Herein, based on the unique uranyl‐triggered photocleavage property, the protein BSA is labelled with fluorescent molecules that exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission effect for uranyl detection. Uranyl‐triggered photocleavage causes the separation of the fluorescent‐molecule‐labelled protein fragments, leading to attenuation of the emission fluorescence, which is used as a signal for uranyl detection. This detection strategy shows high selectivity for uranyl and an ultralow detection limit of 24 pM with a broad detection range covering five orders of magnitude. The detection method also shows high reliability and stability, making it a promising technique for practical applications in diverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of uranium from seawater, which is an abundant resource, has attracted considerable attention as a viable form of energy‐resource acquisition. The two critical factors for boosting the chemical thermodynamics of uranium extraction from seawater are the availability of sufficient amounts of uranyl ions for supply to adsorbents and increased interaction temperatures. However, current approaches only rely on the free diffusion of uranyl ions from seawater to the functional groups within adsorbents, which largely limits the uranium extraction capacity. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of plant transpiration, a plant‐mimetic directional‐channel poly(amidoxime) (DC‐PAO) hydrogel is designed to enhance the uranium extraction efficiency via the active pumping of uranyl ions into the adsorbent. Compared with the original PAO hydrogel without plant‐mimetic transpiration, the uranium extraction capacity of the DC‐PAO hydrogel increases by 79.33% in natural seawater and affords the fastest reported uranium extraction average rate of 0.917 mg g−1 d−1 among the most state‐of‐the‐art amidoxime group‐based adsorbents, along with a high adsorption capacity of 6.42 mg g−1 within 7 d. The results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the efficiency of solar‐transpiration‐based uranium extraction from seawater, particularly in terms of reducing costs and saving processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bio-inspired cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel is explored via UV-polymerization. This hydrogel has a highly efficient uranium capture capacity of up to 6.21 mg g−1 for WU/Wdry gel and 12.9 mg g−1 for WU/Wpoly(amidoxime) in seawater for 6 weeks, due to its enhanced hydrophilicity, good hydraulic/ionic conductivity and broad-spectrum antibacterial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the complicated characteristics of traffic flow in city bus route and the nonlinear vehicle dynamics, optimal energy management integrated with clustering and recognition of driving conditions in plug-in hybrid electric bus is still a challenging problem. Motivated by this issue, this paper presents an innovative energy optimization control framework based on the cloud computing for plug-in hybrid electric bus. This framework, which includes offline part and online part, can realize the driving conditions clustering in offline part, and the energy management in online part. In offline part, utilizing the operating data transferred from a bus to the remote monitoring center, K-means algorithm is adopted to cluster the driving conditions, and then Markov probability transfer matrixes are generated to predict the possible operating demand of the bus driver. Next in online part, the current driving condition is real-time identified by a well-trained support vector machine, and Markov chains-based driving behaviors are accordingly selected. With the stochastic inputs, stochastic receding horizon control method is adopted to obtain the optimized energy management of hybrid powertrain. Simulations and hardware-in-loop test are carried out with the real-world city bus route, and the results show that the presented strategy could greatly improve the vehicle fuel economy, and as the traffic flow data feedback increases, the fuel consumption of every plug-in hybrid electric bus running in a specific bus route tends to be a stable minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the main working modes, the energy recovered with regenerative braking system provides an effective approach so as to greatly improve fuel economy of hybrid electric bus. However, it is still a challenging issue to ensure braking stability while maximizing braking energy recovery. To solve this problem, an efficient energy recovery control strategy is proposed based on the modified nonlinear model predictive control method. Firstly, combined with the characteristics of the compound braking process of single-shaft parallel hybrid electric bus, a 7 degrees of freedom model of the vehicle longitudinal dynamics is built. Secondly, considering nonlinear characteristic of the vehicle model and the efficiency of regenerative braking system, the particle swarm optimization algorithm within the modified nonlinear model predictive control is adopted to optimize the torque distribution between regenerative braking system and pneumatic braking system at the wheels. So as to reduce the computational time of modified nonlinear model predictive control, a nearest point method is employed during the braking process. Finally, the simulation and hardware-in-loop test are carried out on road conditions with different tire–road adhesion coefficients, and the proposed control strategy is verified by comparing it with the conventional control method employed in the baseline vehicle controller. The simulation and hardware-in-loop test results show that the proposed strategy can ensure vehicle safety during emergency braking situation and improve the recovery energy almost 17% compared with the conventional rule-based strategy in the general braking situation. Therefore, the proposed control strategy might offer a theoretical reference for the design of the actual braking controller in engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving cycles of a city bus is statistically characterized by some repetitive features, which makes the predictive energy management strategy very desirable to obtain approximate optimal fuel economy of a plug-in hybrid electric bus. But dealing with the complicated traffic conditions and finding an approximated global optimal strategy which is applicable to the plug-in hybrid electric bus still remains a challenging technique. To solve this problem, a novel driving-behavior-aware modified stochastic model predictive control method is proposed for the plug-in hybrid electric bus. Firstly, the K -means is employed to classify driving behaviors, and the driver models based on Markov chains is obtained under different kinds of driving behaviors. While the obtained driver behaviors are regarded as stochastic disturbance inputs, the local minimum fuel consumption might be obtained with a traditional stochastic model predictive control at each step, taking tracking the reference battery state of charge trajectory into consideration in the finite predictive horizons. However, this technique is still accompanied by some working points with reduced/worsened fuel economy. Thus, the stochastic model predictive control is modified with the equivalent consumption minimization strategy to eliminate these undesirable working points. The results in real-world city bus routines show that the proposed energy management strategy could greatly improve the fuel economy of a plug-in hybrid electric bus in whole driving cycles, compared with the popular charge depleting–charge sustaining strategy and it may offer some useful insights for realizing the approximate global optimal energy management for the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Magnetic-single-molecular material is used for uranium adsorption for the first time. • Fully exposure of functional group guarantees high uranium adsorption capacity. • The magnetism of the adsorbent endows it with high recyclability and reusability. • High adsorption capacity of 84.31 mg/g is achieved in simulated nuclear wastewater. • Highest uranium adsorption speed is achieved in simulated nuclear wastewater. Highly efficient treatment of uranium contamination is of great importance for the sustainable development of the environment. The recovery of uranium by adsorbents is a feasible strategy for treating uranium contamination. However, due to insufficient exposure of the contact interfaces, currently available adsorbents usually take extremely long time for uranium adsorption. Herein, a magnetic-single-molecular amidoxime adsorbent M−AO−Fc is fabricated for highly efficient recovery of uranium from nuclear wastewater by endowing the amidoximated cyanoferrocene with magnetism. The adsorbent M−AO−Fc shows a maximum uranium adsorption capacity of 510.60 mg/g in uranium solution. In an acidic simulated nuclear wastewater containing a large number of interfering ions, M−AO−Fc also shows a high uranium adsorption capacity of 84.31 mg/g within a short equilibrium time of 60 min. The full dispersion of M−AO−Fc and full exposure of functional groups are the critical reasons for the excellent uranium adsorption performance. Attributing to the magnetism of M−AO−Fc, this adsorbent can be efficiently recovered by magnetic recovery and shows high reusability. This study proves that the magnetic-single-molecule would be a promising adsorbent for uranium recovery and opens up a new direction for designing a uranium adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new double-network hydrogel is explored for uranium recovery from seawater. • U-adsorption capacity of the hydrogel is greatly enhanced by added nanoclay. • Mechanical property of the hydrogel is largely improved by th double-network. • Used materials are lowcost and the hydrogel owns good U-adsorption reusability. Massive uranium recovery from seawater is a key project to provide the long-time consumption of global nuclear power, while it is still greatly difficult to achieve high-efficient adsorbents with high mechanical property. In this work, a new nanoclay-poly(amidoxime) (NC-PAO) high-strength double-network (DN) composite hydrogel adsorbent with high-efficient and fast uranium extraction capacity has been explored. The uranium adsorbing performance can be significantly enhanced by the small content of added super-hydrophilic NC (Laponite RDS sheets), because of the largely improved hydrophilicity of the hydrogel. Compared with the blank PAO DN hydrogel without nanoclay, the uranium adsorbing capacity of this NC-PAO DN hydrogel can largely increase 73.4% from 4.97 mg/g to 8.62 mg/g, after in seawater only 25 days. The uranium adsorption rate of this hydrogel from natural seawater, can reached 0.345 mg/(g∙day), which is excellent among existing uranium adsorbents. Furthermore, this hydrogel has high mechanical performance with 2.42 MPa of tensile strength and 16.13 MPa of compressive strength, which can be used in seawater for relatively longer time than traditional low-strength single-network hydrogel, owing to its double network (DN) structure (the weakly crosslinked gelatin soft network and the strongly crosslinked cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hard network). This NC-PAO DN hydrogel adsorbent will be an excellent candidate for fast uranium recovery from seawater in largescale. Most importantly, this work will inspire the development of new hydrogel-based adsorbents and even other type of adsorbents for high-efficient uranium extraction, through compositing various low-cost and super-hydrophilic nanomaterials to significantly improve the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent and designing double-network structure to largely enhance the mechanical property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A charge balanced adsorbent is fabricated for uranium extraction from seawater. • The adsorbent can resistant both biofouling and abiotic fouling. • The uranium extraction capacity is highly enhanced. • The uranium adsorption ability and anti-adhesive ability are highly reusable. The extraction of uranium from seawater is vital to meet the increase demands of uranium resource for the nuclear energy industry, while it is severe hazarded by the marine fouling, including both the biofouling and abiotic fouling. Previous reports only focused on the control of biofouling and rare attention is paid to the abiotic fouling. However, the abiotic fouling is the fundamental of the biofouling. Herein, a charged balanced hydrogel adsorbent is fabricated by introducing the charge-positive tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) into the charge-negative polyacrylamidoxime (PAO). The fabricated PAO-CB hydrogel membrane shows high anti-adhesive ability to the marine fouling, including both the biofouling and abiotic fouling, which is due to the decrease of the charge attraction between the adsorbent and the charged contaminants. Benefitting from the reduce of marine fouling, the PAO-CB hydrogel membrane shows a high uranium extraction capacity of 8.59 mg g−1, which is higher than that of PAO hydrogel membrane by 44.59%. The finding of this study indicates that the construction of charge balanced adsorbent would be an effective strategy to control the complicated marine fouling during uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A charge balanced adsorbent is fabricated for uranium extraction from seawater. • The adsorbent can resistant both biofouling and abiotic fouling. • The uranium extraction capacity is highly enhanced. • The uranium adsorption ability and anti-adhesive ability are highly reusable. The extraction of uranium from seawater is vital to meet the increase demands of uranium resource for the nuclear energy industry, while it is severe hazarded by the marine fouling, including both the biofouling and abiotic fouling. Previous reports only focused on the control of biofouling and rare attention is paid to the abiotic fouling. However, the abiotic fouling is the fundamental of the biofouling. Herein, a charged balanced hydrogel adsorbent is fabricated by introducing the charge-positive tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) into the charge-negative polyacrylamidoxime (PAO). The fabricated PAO-CB hydrogel membrane shows high anti-adhesive ability to the marine fouling, including both the biofouling and abiotic fouling, which is due to the decrease of the charge attraction between the adsorbent and the charged contaminants. Benefitting from the reduce of marine fouling, the PAO-CB hydrogel membrane shows a high uranium extraction capacity of 8.59 mg g−1, which is higher than that of PAO hydrogel membrane by 44.59%. The finding of this study indicates that the construction of charge balanced adsorbent would be an effective strategy to control the complicated marine fouling during uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uranium level in seawater is ≈1000 times as high as terrestrial ores and can provide potential near‐infinite fuel for the nuclear energy industry. However, it is still a significant challenge to develop high‐efficiency and low‐cost adsorbents for massively extracting uranium from seawater. Herein, a simple and fast method through low‐energy consumption sunlight polymerization to direct fabrication of a poly(amidoxime) (PAO) hydrogel membrane, which exhibits high uranium adsorption capacity, is reported. This PAO hydrogel owns semi‐interpenetrating structure and a hydrophilic poly(acrylamide) 3D network of hydrogel which can disperse and fix PAOs well. As a result, the amidoxime groups of PAOs exhibit an outstanding uranium adsorption efficiency (718 ± 16.6 and 1279 ± 14.5 mg g−1 of muranium/mPAO in 8 and 32 ppm uranium‐spiked seawater, respectively) among reported hydrogel‐based adsorbents. Most importantly, U‐uptake capacity of this hydrogel can achieve 4.87 ± 0.38 mg g−1 of muranium/mdry gel just after four weeks within natural seawater. Furthermore, this hydrogel can be massively produced through low‐energy consumption and environmentally‐friendly sunlight polymerization. This work will provide a high‐efficiency and low‐cost adsorbent for massive uranium extraction from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]