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A self-consistent calculation scheme for correlated electron systems is created based on the density-functional theory (DFT). Our scheme is a multi-reference DFT (MR-DFT) calculation in which the electron charge density is reproduced by an auxiliary interacting Fermion system. A short-range Hubbard-type interaction is introduced by a rigorous manner with a residual term for the exchange-correlation energy. The Hubbard term is determined uniquely by referencing the density fluctuation at a selected localized orbital. This strategy to obtain an extension of the Kohn-Sham scheme provides a self-consistent electronic structure calculation for the materials design. Introducing an approximation for the residual exchange-correlation energy functional, we have the LDA+U energy functional. Practical self-consistent calculations are exemplified by simulations of Hydrogen systems, i.e. a molecule and a periodic one-dimensional array, which is a proof of existence of the interaction strength U as a continuous function of the local fluctuation and structural parameters of the system., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Condens. Matter

We present the MCSCF version of density functional theory. Two sets of equations, which correspond to the CI and orbital relaxation respectively, are derived. An important feature is that the correlation potential of DFT for CI wavefunction and that for orbitals are different to each other. These relations ensure that a density yielded by a effective MCSCF solution also satisfies the Euler equation of DFT

For studying the group theoretical classification of the solutions of the density functional theory in relativistic framework, we propose quantum electrodynamical density-matrix functional theory (QED-DMFT). QED-DMFT gives the energy as a functional of a local one-body $4\times4$ matrix $Q(x)\equiv -<\psi(x)\bar{\psi}(x)>$, where $\psi$ and $\bar{\psi}$ are 4-component Dirac field and its Dirac conjugate, respectively. We examine some characters of QED-DMFT. After these preparations, by using Q(x), we classify the solutions of QED-DMFT under O(3) rotation, time reversal and spatial inversion. The behavior of Q(x) under nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limits are also presented. Finally, we give plans for several extensions and applications of QED-DMFT., Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures

We investigate the method to combine the techniques of quantum chemisty with QED. In our theory, we treat the N-electron system and the Dirac sea on an equal footing; we regard both of them as the dynamical degrees of freedom of a many-body system. After the introduction of our QED-SCF method, the QED-SCF solutions are classified into several classes on the basis of group-theoretical operations such as time reversal, parity and O(3) rotational symmetry. The natural orbitals of general QED-SCF solutions are determined by diagonalizing the first order density matrix. Thus, we obtain the possibility to treat the system under strong QED effect by the methods of quantum chemistry, such as QED-MCSCF and QED-coupled-cluster approaches., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, published in Int. J. Quantum Chem. (2001)

We study the magnetic properties of $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with inhomogeneity of interaction. Using a quantum Monte Carlo method and an exact diagonalization method, we study bond-impurity effect in the uniform $S=1/2$ chain and also in the bond-alternating chain. Here `bond impurity' means a bond with strength different from those in the bulk or a defect in the alternating order. Local magnetic structures induced by bond impurities are investigated both in the ground state and at finite temperatures, calculating the local magnetization, the local susceptibility and the local field susceptibility. We also investigate the force acting between bond impurities and find the force generally attractive., Comment: 15pages, 34figures

By studying the dynamics of the metastable magnetization of a statistical mechanical model we propose a switching mechanism of photoinduced magnetization. The equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of the Blume-Capel (BC) model, which is a typical model exhibiting metastability, are studied by mean field theory and Monte Carlo simulation. We demonstrate reversible changes of magnetization in a sequence of changes of system parameters, which would model the reversible photoinduced magnetization. Implications of the calculated results are discussed in relation to the recent experimental results for prussian blue analogs., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures