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Abstract Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death triggered by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, presents significant therapeutic potential across diverse cancer types. Central to cellular metabolism, the metabolic pathways associated with ferroptosis are discernible in both cancerous and immune cells. This review begins by delving into the intricate reciprocal regulation of ferroptosis between cancer and immune cells. It subsequently details how factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as nutrient scarcity, hypoxia, and cellular density modulate ferroptosis sensitivity. We conclude by offering a comprehensive examination of distinct immunophenotypes and environmental and metabolic targets geared towards enhancing ferroptosis responsiveness within the TME. In sum, tailoring precise ferroptosis interventions and combination strategies to suit the unique TME of specific cancers may herald improved patient outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of motor capacity of the lower extremity and mobility performance in daily physical activities with peak foot plantar pressures during walking among older women. Methods: Using the data collected among 58 community-dwelling older women (68.66 ± 3.85 years), Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations of motor capacity of the lower extremity (the 30-s chair stand test, the timed one-leg stance with eyes closed, and the Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity), mobility performance in daily physical activities (the average minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day and the metabolic equivalents), and foot plantar pressures (peak force and peak pressure) with the age and body fat percentage as covariates. Results: (1) The motor capacity of the lower extremity has higher explanatory power for peak foot plantar pressures compared with the mobility performance in daily physical activities. (2) Higher body fat percentage was positively associated with peak force and pressure, while a lower score on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity was negatively associated with both of them. (3) The metabolic equivalents were positively associated with the peak force, while the 30-s chair stand test was negatively associated with it. Conclusions: Mobility performance in daily physical activities can be significant predictors for peak foot plantar pressures among older women. The significant predictor variables include the Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity, the 30-s chair stand test, and metabolic equivalents.

Indoor air pollution is an urgent issue, posing a significant threat to the health of indoor workers and residents. Individuals engaged in indoor occupations typically spend an average of around 21 h per day in enclosed spaces, while residents spend approximately 13 h indoors on average. Accurately predicting indoor air quality is crucial for the well-being of indoor workers and frequent home dwellers. Despite the development of numerous methods for indoor air quality prediction, the task remains challenging, especially under constraints of limited air quality data collection points. To address this issue, we propose a neural network capable of capturing time dependencies and correlations among data indicators, which integrates the informer model with a data-correlation feature extractor based on MLP. In the experiments of this study, we employ the Informer model to predict indoor air quality in an industrial park in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. The model utilizes indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, and outdoor particulate matter (PM) values to forecast future indoor particle levels. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the Informer model over other methods for both long-term and short-term indoor air quality predictions. The model we propose holds significant implications for safeguarding personal health and well-being, as well as advancing indoor air quality management practices.

BackgroundMixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is an extremely rare entity, consisting of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. It can occur in various organs throughout the body, with a rising incidence. Its clinical management is a rapidly growing field of interest; however, large-scale patient cohorts are still missing to guide clinical practice.Patients and methodsThe demographic, clinicopathological, and survival information of all patients diagnosed with MiNEN in the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database (2000–2017) were extracted and further analyzed. The information of the patients before and after 2010 was compared to understand the epidemiological changes of MiNEN. The characteristics of MiNEN originating in different organs were compared. The clinical significance of surgical resection for metastatic MiNENs was also analyzed.ResultsA total of 1081 patients were screened, and after applying the exclusion criteria, 767 patients were finally analyzed. There was no obvious sex preference (49.2% vs 50.8%, p>0.05) and the majority of the patients were Caucasians (n=627, 81.7%). A total of 88.3% of the patients were older than 50 years old, and the median age was 60 years. 79.3% of the tumors are located in the distal digestive tract, and 67.7% were grade 3/4. Distant metastasis was presented in 33.9% of the patients at diagnosis. A total of 88% of the patients underwent surgical treatments. The number of patients increased 10-fold between 2000 and 2017. There was no significant difference in sex, race, stage, or surgical treatments among the patients diagnosed before and after 2010. More patients older than 60 years were diagnosed after 2010 (p=0.009). The median survival was 61.0 ± 9.8 months for the whole cohort. After multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years, p

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most refractory and fatal human malignancies. Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein-1 (LRRN1) plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system. However, the clinical implications and biological functions of LRRN1 in PDAC remain unclear. We found that LRRN1 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissues compared with paracancerous tissues and normal pancreatic tissues through the different public databases, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, and dimethylbenzanthracene-induced PDAC murine model. The expression level of LRRN1 was closely related to the overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC patients. Cox multivariate analysis indicated that LRRN1 was an independent adverse prognostic factor. The small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated LRRN1 knockdown remarkably restrained the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and increased G0/G1 arrest in PDAC cells. The xenograft murine subcutaneous bearing model and metastasis model verified that silencing of LRRN1 effectively dampened tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Specifically, LRRN1 exerted its biological functions through the HIF-1α/Notch signaling pathway, and LRRN1 knockdown could dampen Jagged 1-mediated Notch pathway activation. Therefore, LRRN1 could serve as the potential therapeutic or prognostic target for PDAC.

Vine tea has been used as an herbal tea by several ethnic minorities for hundreds of years in China. Flavonoids, a kind of indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, are identified to be the major metabolites and bioactive ingredients in vine tea. Interestingly, vine tea exhibits a wide range of significant bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, neuroprotective and other activities, but no toxicity. These bioactivities, to some extent, enrich the understanding about the role of vine tea in disease prevention and therapy. The health benefits of vine tea, particularly dihydromyricetin and myricetin, are widely investigated. However, there is currently no comprehensive review available on vine tea. Therefore, this report summarizes the most recent studies investigating bioactive constituents, pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of vine tea, which will provide a better understanding about the health benefits and preclinical assessment of novel application of vine tea.

Inland lakes are an important component of the terrestrial water cycle in Inner Mongolia's typical steppe region, and their variations have far-reaching implications for the sustainable development of water resources in this region. Huri Chagannao'er Lake, one of Inner Mongolia's four major freshwater lakes and the second largest inland lake in the typical steppe region, was chosen as the research object. In this study, the spatiotemporal changes in the area of Huri Chagannao’er Lake over the last 30 years were analyzed using the modified normalized difference water index method and Landsat data. Then, we used regression analysis, correlation analysis, gray relational analysis, and Geodetector to investigate the potential causes of lake area changes. Changes in the lake's water balance, meteorological and climatic changes near the lake, and changes in land use and land cover in the drainage basin are all possible driving factors. Finally, the main driving factors of the lake area change are discussed in conjunction with the literature and field investigation, and measures and suggestions for the lake's sustainable utilization and protection are proposed. The findings revealed that i) from 1988 to 2017, the lake shrank from 98.99 km2 to 29.81 km2, with year 2000 marking the start of the dramatic changes in lake areas; ii) the lake shrinkage was primarily concentrated in the western part of the lake, while the eastern part of the lake remained stable; iii) human activities, such as water interception and storage, as well as excessive exploitation of water resources, were the most significant causes of the dramatic fluctuation in the area of the lake's western part; iv) climate change also had some influence on the lake area changes. The regional climate became warmer and drier, reducing the amount of water entering the drainage basin. The findings of this study highlight the dominant role of human activity intensity in lake area changes and provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the study of inland lakes in Inner Mongolia's typical steppe region.

Abstract Background CD58 has been demonstrated to be abnormally expressed in multiple hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and progression; however, its clinical significance and prognostic value in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown. Methods Based on diverse online public databases and 81 PDAC samples of tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry (IHC), we evaluated CD58 expression in PDAC patients and analyzed its association with clinicopathological characteristics, clinical outcomes, and infiltration of immune cells in PDAC. Furthermore, the correlation between CD58 and the cancer stem cell (CSC)-related, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related, and immune-related markers were detected. Besides, the functional enrichment analysis and related pathways were analyzed and visualized. Results CD58 expression was elevated in pancreatitis and PDAC tissues than normal pancreas or adjacent nontumor tissues. The positive cases of CD58 (e.g. more than 50% positive cells) in PDAC account for 95.06% (77/81). Upregulated CD58 in cancer tissues was associated with worse histological grade, larger tumor size, and poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in PDAC patients. Furthermore, Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that CD58 was an independent prognostic factor in PDAC. CD58 expression was correlated with infiltrations of neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, correlation gene analysis indicated that CD58 expression was strongly correlated with immune-related, EMT-related, and CSC-related markers. Functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway manifested that CD58 might be involved in PDAC initiation and progression. Conclusions CD58 expression is upregulated in PDAC tissues and its high expression is notably related to poor survival of PDAC. Therefore, CD58 may serve as a novel and effective marker for predicting the prognosis of PDAC patients.

IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) has a strong correlation with chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, few studies have previously reported the longitudinal transition of BMI status and its influential factors, especially among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.MethodsThis population-based cohort study involved 6,507 participants derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, including objectively measured BMI recorded in 26,028 person-year of all observations followed up. Multistate Markov model was performed to estimate the BMI state transition intensity and hazard ratios of each potential exposure risk.ResultsThe mean intensity of the population that shifted from normal to overweight was more than twice than shifted to underweight. Besides, a predicted probability was up to 16.16% that the population with overweight would suffer from obesity and more than half of the population with underweight would return to normal weight over a 6-year interval. The study also implied significant effects of baseline age, gender, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking, depression symptoms, and activities of daily living impairment on BMI status transition to varying degrees.ConclusionsFindings of this study indicated that the mean transition probability between different BMI statuses varied, specific exposure factors serving as barriers or motivators to future transitions based on current BMI status was clarified for the health promotion strategies.

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant neoplasm with rising incidence worldwide. Gremlin 1 (GREM1), a regulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, fine-tunes extensive biological processes, including organ morphology, cellular metabolism, and multiple pathological developments. The roles of GREM1 in PDAC remain unknown.MethodsVarieties of public databases and online software were employed to analyze the expressions at transcription and protein levels of GREM1 in multiple malignant neoplasms including PDAC, and in addition, its potential pro-tumoral functions in PDAC were further evaluated. A total of 340 serum samples of pancreatic disease, including PDAC, low-grade malignant pancreatic neoplasm, benign pancreatic neoplasm, pancreatitis, and 132 healthy controls, were collected to detect GREM1. The roles of serum GREM1 in the diagnosis and prediction of survival of PDAC after radical resection were also analyzed.ResultsBioinformatics analyses revealed that GREM1 was overexpressed in PDAC and predicted a poorer survival in PDAC. A higher protein level of GREM1 in PDAC correlated with stroma formation and immunosuppression by recruiting varieties of immunosuppressive cells, including T regulatory cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and exhaustion T cells into the tumor microenvironment. A higher level of serum GREM1 was observed in PDAC patients, compared to healthy control (p < 0.001). Serum GREM1 had a good diagnostic value (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.718, p < 0.001), and its combination with carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) achieved a better diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.914, p < 0.001), compared to CA199 alone. The cutoff value was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and PDAC patients were divided into two groups of low and high GREM1. Logistic analyses showed serum GREM1 positively correlated with tumor size (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.097, p = 0.032) and histopathological grades (HR = 2.898, p = 0.014). High-level serum GREM1 (1,117.8 pg/ml) showed a shorter postoperative survival (p = 0.0394).ConclusionHigher intra-tumoral expression of GREM1 in PDAC contributes to tumor stroma and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, presenting its therapeutic potential. High-level serum GREM1 predicts poorer survival after resection. A combination of serum CA199 and GREM1 shows a stronger diagnostic efficacy in PDAC.

The coupling cycles of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) have a significant impact on biogeochemical processes and ecosystem services. For centuries, large areas of floodplain wetlands in China have been extensively reclaimed for agricultural purposes due to population growth. However, little is known about the evolution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry along a reclamation chronosequence, particularly across different land uses. In this study, we investigated the variations in soil C:N:P ratios with land use and time gradients along a reclamation chronosequence comprising c. 0, 60, 100, 280, 2000, and 3000 years. Land reclamation induced nutrient decoupling, as it facilitated C and N accumulation from biological processes but restricted P supply controlled by geochemical processes. Soil C and N sequestration reached a stable state after 2000 years, while P declined steadily from 60 years. Soil C/P and N/P increased significantly and were controlled by organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN), respectively, indicating that an increase in C and N could also promote P uptake. Soil C/N declined in the first 60 years and stabilized at a threshold of 10:1. Different land use patterns following reclamation resulted in distinct soil nutrient structures. Paddies retained more OC and TN but exhibited lower adsorption of total phosphorus (TP) compared to adjacent dryland, leading to significant differences in C/P and N/P between land uses. Based on the redundancy analysis and random forest model, soil OC and TN were mainly affected by the abundance of bacteria metabolizing cellulose, while metal oxides, including Fe2O3 and CaO, could best predict TP. Soil C/P and N/P were mainly driven by soil texture and rose significantly with the increasing proportion of clay particles. Our study suggests that as reclamation proceeds, more anthropogenic management is required to regulate potential nutrient imbalances in order to prevent adverse effects on crop growth, soil quality, and ecosystem health. Additionally, any fertilization strategy should be developed based on dryland C and N deficiencies, and lack of P in paddies.

Abstract Background Emerging evidence has shown that intra-tumor immune features are associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Accordingly, patient stratification is needed for identifying target patients and designing strategies to improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. We aimed to depict the specific immune features of patients with pancreatic cancer and explore the implication of immune diversity in prognostic prediction and individualized immunotherapy. Methods From transcriptional profiles of 383 tumor samples in TCGA, ICGC, and GEO database, robust immune subtypes which had different response immunotherapy, including ICB therapy, were identified by consensus clustering with five gene modules. DEGs analysis and tumor microarray were used to screen and demonstrate potential targets for improving ICB therapy. Results Three subtypes of pancreatic cancer, namely cluster 1–3 (C1–C3), characterized with distinct immune features and prognosis, were generated. Of that, subtype C1 was an immune-cold type in lack of immune regulators, subtype C2, with an immunosuppression-dominated phenotype characterized by robust TGFβ signaling and stromal reaction, showed the worst prognosis, subtype C3 was an immune-hot type, with massive immune cell infiltration and in abundance of immune regulators. The disparity of immune features uncovered the discrepant applicability of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and potential sensitivity to other alternative immunotherapy for each subtype. Patients in C3 were more suitable for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, while patients in the other two clusters may need combined strategies targeted on other immune checkpoints or oncogenic pathways. A promising target for improving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, TGM2, was screened out and its role in the regulation of PD-L1 was investigated for the first time. Conclusion Collectively, immune features of pancreatic cancer contribute to distinct immunosuppressive mechanisms that are responsible for individualized immunotherapy. Despite pancreatic cancer being considered as a poor immunogenic cancer type, the derived immune subtypes may have implications in tailored designing of immunotherapy for the patients. TGM2 has potential synergistic roles with ICB therapy.

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that are highly linked to various cellular functions and pathological process. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs participate in crosstalk between tumor and stroma, and reprogramming of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TIME possesses distinct populations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes to influence the immune escape of cancer, the response to immunotherapy, and the survival of patients. However, hitherto, a comprehensive review aiming at relationship between lncRNAs and TIME is missing. In this review, we focus on the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs within the TIME. Furthermore, we discussed the potential immunotherapeutic strategies based on lncRNAs and their limitations.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most refractory human malignancies. F-box only proteins (FBXO) are the core components of SKP1-cullin 1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase, which have been reported to play crucial roles in tumor initiation and progression via ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation. However, the clinical implications and biological functions of FBXOs in PDAC have not been fully clarified. Herein we perform a comprehensive analysis for the clinical values and functional roles of FBXOs in PDAC using different public databases. We found that FBXO1 (CCNF), FBXO20 (LMO7), FBXO22, FBXO28, FBXO32, and FBXO45 (designated six-FBXOs) were robustly upregulated in PDAC tissues, which predicted an adverse prognosis of PDAC patients. There was a significant correlation between the expression levels of six-FBXOs and the clinicopathological features in PDAC. The transcriptional levels of six-FBXOs were subjected to the influence of promoter methylation levels. There were more than 40% genetic alterations and mutations of six-FBXOs, which affected the clinical outcome of PDAC patients. Furthermore, the expression of six-FBXOs was associated with immune infiltrations and activated status, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The functional prediction revealed that the six-FBXOs were involved in ubiquitination-related pathways and other vital signaling pathways, such as p53, PI3K/Akt, and Hippo pathway. Therefore, six-FBXOs are the promising prognostic biomarkers or potential targets for PDAC diagnosis and treatment.

The glycoprotein CD58, also known as lymphocyte-function antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a costimulatory receptor distributed on a broad range of human tissue cells. Its natural ligand CD2 is primarily expressed on the surface of T/NK cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction is an important component of the immunological synapse (IS) that induces activation and proliferation of T/NK cells and triggers a series of intracellular signaling in T/NK cells and target cells, respectively, in addition to promoting cell adhesion and recognition. Furthermore, a soluble form of CD58 (sCD58) is also present in cellular supernatant in vitro and in local tissues in vivo. The sCD58 is involved in T/NK cell-mediated immune responses as an immunosuppressive factor by affecting CD2-CD58 interaction. Altered accumulation of sCD58 may lead to immunosuppression of T/NK cells in the tumor microenvironment, allowing sCD58 as a novel immunotherapeutic target. Recently, the crucial roles of costimulatory molecule CD58 in immunomodulation seem to be reattracting the interests of investigators. In particular, the CD2-CD58 interaction is involved in the regulation of antiviral responses, inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, immune rejection of transplantation, and immune evasion of tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of CD58 immunobiology.

The population in China has been aging rapidly over the past two decades, raising concerns about how to meet the health and long-term care needs of the growing older adult population. The productive aging framework has been applied to promote the active roles that older adults can play in society and to improve physical and psychological well-being. Employment, as an essential form of productive aging, is central to personal control, self-identify, economic resources, and social connectedness. However, there is no clear role or accommodation for older workers in China due to the mandatory retirement policy and traditional culture of gender roles. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 data, we examined the relationship between employment and life satisfaction in middle- and old-aged Chinese. Multiple regression analyses indicated that employment and certain work characteristics were positively related to life satisfaction in both the total and male samples. Overall, rural residents had higher levels of satisfaction than urban residents after equalizing socioeconomic resources and health. Policy and practice implications are discussed on how to improve life satisfaction through employment and how to address gender and residency gaps.

Objective: Rare disease Background: Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerating stenosing enteropathy (CMUSE) is a rare noninfectious chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract confined to the small bowel. Chronic inflammatory wasting leads to protein loss and weight reduction, and some patients eventually develop small bowel stenosis. The etiopathogenesis of CMUSE remains unknown. Case Report: A thin 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and distension accompanied by bilateral lower-extremity edema for 2 months. After a series of medical tests, rheumatic or immune-related diseases, hyperthyroidism, and tuberculosis were excluded, and common digestive system diseases were also excluded. Abdominal CT showed incomplete obstruction of the small bowel. Enteroscopy showed small-bowel luminal narrowing. The patient subsequently underwent partial resection of the small bowel with end-toside anastomosis. The small-bowel stricture was about 120 cm from the ileocecal junction, and about 12 cm of small bowel was resected. Postoperative pathology of the resected material revealed multifocal ulceration of the mucosa with massive inflammatory cell infiltration and extensive hyperplastic fibrous tissue, consistent with the characteristics of CMUSE disease. At follow-up 6 months after surgery, he had no abdominal pain or distension, and his anemia and lower-extremity edema were improved. Conclusions: CMUSE diagnosis requires a combination of patient history, imaging, endoscopy, pathology, and exclusion of other digestive disorders, such as Crohn's disease. It is a chronic wasting disease, often accompanied by weight loss, abdominal pain, melena, and hypoproteinemia. Surgery is an important treatment for intestinal strictures caused by CMUSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course. Background: Pyloric obstruction after dichlorvos poisoning causes repeated vomiting and inability to eat. Choledocholithiasis and cholelithiasis are the common digestive diseases, with high morbidity and relapse in elderly patients. However, the complex situation of these diseases' coexistence is a clinically intractable problem, and literature on selecting optimal surgical planning is scarce. Case Report: A thin 79-year-old woman took dichlorvos due to family conflicts. She improved after being urgently sent to local hospital for gastric lavage and detoxification. Over the next 3 months, she presented with intermittent nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and mental apathy, and was readmitted. Gastroscopy showed extensive scarring in the antrum, pyloric obstruction, and gastric retention. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed gallstones and choledocholithiasis. Also, she presented with gastric retention, hypertension, moderate anemia, hypoproteinemia, and electrolyte disturbances. After hospitalization, conservative treatment was performed, without improving vomiting, followed by surgical treatment. Gastrojejunostomy, Braun anastomosis, and nasojejunal feeding tube placement were performed for pyloric stenosis; cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis; and choledochotomy, intraoperative choledochoscopy examination, basket stone extraction, and primary suture of common bile duct without indwelling T tube for choledocholithiasis. Patient recovered and was discharged 9 days after surgery. She was recovered well, without vomiting, at 2-month follow-up. Conclusions: Gastrojejunostomy plus Braun anastomosis is effective treatment of elderly patients with pyloric obstruction formed after pesticide-induced corrosion. Careful selection of choledocholithotomy with primary suture without indwelling T tube reduced postoperative pain and accelerated recovery. This complex case of pyloric obstruction with gallbladder and bile duct stones provides useful considerations for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present comprehensive information on the clinicopathological, molecular, survival characteristics, and quality of life (QOL) after surgery for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas in a large cohort after long-term follow-up. Background: SPN is a rare tumor with an uncertain malignant potential, and solid information on long-term prognosis and QOL remains limited. Methods: All hospitalized patients with SPNs who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2021 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were retrieved. A cross-sectional telephone questionnaire was administered to inquire about the QOL. Molecular analyses were performed using whole-exome sequencing. Results: Exactly 454 patients with SPNwere enrolled, of whom 18.5%were males and 81.5%were females. The mean patient age was 31 ± 12 years. In total, 61.3% of the patients had no symptoms. The size of the tumors was 5.38 ± 3.70 cm; 83.4% were solid cystic tumors, and 40.1% had calcifi- cations. The proportions of local resection, distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without pylorus preservation were 29.7%, 28.9% or 22.9%, and 11% or 6.8%, respectively. Over the years, there has been a significant shift from open to minimally invasive surgery. Among all surgical procedures, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) had the highest incidence of grade 2 to 4 complications (up to 32.3%), compared with 6.7% in distal pancreatectomy (P < 0.001). Regarding histopathology, tissue invasion, perineural invasion, cancerous microvascular emboli, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were present in 16.5%, 2.2%, 0.7%, 2.0%, and 3.1% of patients, respectively. Sixty patients were lost to follow-up. Sixteen of the 390 patients who underwent resection (4.1%) experienced local recurrence or distant metastasis after surgery. In total, 361 patients responded to the telephone survey. Nearly 80% of patients claimed their QOL was not significantly affected after surgery; however, the remaining 20% complained of lower QOL during 3 to 6 years of follow-up after surgery. No clinicopathological factor could reliably predict clinical recurrence or metastasis after resection. A total of 28 driver genes were detected with mutations in at least 2 tumor samples and the top 3 frequently mutated genes were CTNNB1, ATRNL1, and MUC16. Conclusions: This study presented the largest cohort of patients with SPN after surgery from a single center and reported the QOL of these patients. SPN is associated with extremely favorable long-term survival, even in patients with metastasis, and most patients have a good QOL after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour microenvironment has been recognized as a crucial factor influencing disease progression. However, relevant features and functions are insufficiently understood in parathyroid neoplasia. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome of 27,251 cells from 4 parathyroid adenoma (PA) tissue samples. External transcriptomic datasets and immunofluorescence staining of a tissue microarray were set for expression validation. Eight major cell types and various subpopulations were finely identified in PA. We found that a subcluster of tumour end ocrine cells with low copy number variation probably presented as a resting state. Diverse infiltrating immune cell subtypes were identified, constructing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumour-associated macrophages, which indicated an anti-inflammatory phenotype, were significantly increased in PA. Inflammatory tumour-associated fibroblasts (iTAFs) were newly verified and highlighted on the role of stromal-immune crosstalk. Positive correlation between iTAFs and increased CD163+ macrophages was uncovered. Moreover, CXCL12 receptor signalling is important for tumour angiogenesis and immune infiltration. Our findings provide a comprehensive landscape interpreting tumour cell heterogeneity, cell diversity, and immune regulation in parathyroid neoplasia. The valuable resources may promote the understanding of parathyroid tumour microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guinea pig is widely used in clinical drug experiments as a laboratory animal. Because of its small and lovely size, guinea pig is often kept as a pet by many families. However, there are few reports on the feeding management and disease prevention and control of pet guinea pigs. This article introduced the experience and technology of feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs, in order to provide a reference for the feeding management and disease prevention of pet guinea pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]