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1. Exploring Feature Importance and Explainability Towards Enhanced ML-Based DoS Detection in AI Systems

Author

Yakubu, Paul Badu, Owusu, Evans, Santana, Lesther, Rahouti, Mohamed, Chehri, Abdellah, and Xiong, Kaiqi

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks pose a significant threat in the realm of AI systems security, causing substantial financial losses and downtime. However, AI systems' high computational demands, dynamic behavior, and data variability make monitoring and detecting DoS attacks challenging. Nowadays, statistical and machine learning (ML)-based DoS classification and detection approaches utilize a broad range of feature selection mechanisms to select a feature subset from networking traffic datasets. Feature selection is critical in enhancing the overall model performance and attack detection accuracy while reducing the training time. In this paper, we investigate the importance of feature selection in improving ML-based detection of DoS attacks. Specifically, we explore feature contribution to the overall components in DoS traffic datasets by utilizing statistical analysis and feature engineering approaches. Our experimental findings demonstrate the usefulness of the thorough statistical analysis of DoS traffic and feature engineering in understanding the behavior of the attack and identifying the best feature selection for ML-based DoS classification and detection., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, IEEE VTC2024-Fall

Published
2024

2. SlipNet: Enhancing Slip Cost Mapping for Autonomous Navigation on Heterogeneous and Deformable Terrains

Author

Yakubu, Mubarak, Zweiri, Yahya, Abubakar, Ahmad, Azzam, Rana, Alhammadi, Ruqayya, and Seneviratne, Lakmal

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Autonomous space rovers face significant challenges when navigating deformable and heterogeneous terrains due to variability in soil properties, which can lead to severe wheel slip, compromising navigation efficiency and increasing the risk of entrapment. To address this problem, we introduce SlipNet, a novel approach for predicting wheel slip in segmented regions of diverse terrain surfaces without relying on prior terrain classification. SlipNet employs dynamic terrain segmentation and slip assignment techniques on previously unseen data, enhancing rover navigation capabilities in uncertain environments. We developed a synthetic data generation framework using the high-fidelity Vortex Studio simulator to create realistic datasets that replicate a wide range of deformable terrain conditions for training and evaluation. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our model, combining DeepLab v3+ with SlipNet, significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art TerrainNet method, achieving lower mean absolute error (MAE) across five distinct terrain samples. These findings highlight the effectiveness of SlipNet in improving rover navigation in challenging terrains.

Published
2024

3. A Global Outlook on AI-Predicted Impacts of ChatGPT on Contemporary Education

Author

Sezer Kanbul, Idris Adamu, and Yakubu Bala Mohamm

Abstract

This article presents a research investigation focusing on the effects of ChatGPT utilization on sustainable education and development. The study employed five machine learning (XGBoost, RF, SVM, GBDT, and ANN) models for predicting the impacts of ChatGPT usage in education, aiming at identifying the potential benefits of ChatGPT usage on learners, tutors, and possible future implications using the data collected via social networking sites. A total of 2,936 datasets concerning the impacts of ChatGPT utilization on sustainable education were analyzed. Four of the research AI-predictive models predicted the impacts of ChatGPT usage on sustainable education and development with greater accuracy with R[superscript 2] values of >0.96. However, the XGBoost and RF models outperformed the other models with R[superscript 2] values >00.98. The results indicate that the XGBoost model achieved the highest accuracy with R[superscript 2] > 0.98, training time(s) 8.4157, and testing time 0.0618 respectively. Furthermore, findings of the study revealed that utilization of ChatGPT increases students' interest in learning, self-confidence, and ability to study independently. Also, the results of the study will provide valuable insights for education stakeholders in understanding the potential benefits, and future implications of ChatGPT usage on sustainable education, and provide direction for upcoming studies.

Published
2024
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4. A Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based Model for Aspect and Polarity Classification in Hausa Movie Reviews

Author

Ibrahim, Umar, Zandam, Abubakar Yakubu, Adam, Fatima Muhammad, and Musa, Aminu

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is crucial for understanding sentiment nuances in text, especially across diverse languages and cultures. This paper introduces a novel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based model tailored for aspect and polarity classification in Hausa movie reviews, an underrepresented language in sentiment analysis research. A comprehensive Hausa ABSA dataset is created, filling a significant gap in resource availability. The dataset, preprocessed using sci-kit-learn for TF-IDF transformation, includes manually annotated aspect-level feature ontology words and sentiment polarity assignments. The proposed model combines CNNs with attention mechanisms for aspect-word prediction, leveraging contextual information and sentiment polarities. With 91% accuracy on aspect term extraction and 92% on sentiment polarity classification, the model outperforms traditional machine models, offering insights into specific aspects and sentiments. This study advances ABSA research, particularly in underrepresented languages, with implications for cross-cultural linguistic research., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of ICCAIT 2023

Published
2024

5. Towards Full Authorship with AI: Supporting Revision with AI-Generated Views

Author

Kim, Jiho, Flanagan, Ray C., Haviland, Noelle E., Sun, ZeAi, Yakubu, Souad N., Maru, Edom A., and Arnold, Kenneth C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society, H.5.2, I.7.1, I.2.7
Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are shaping a new user interface (UI) paradigm in writing tools by enabling users to generate text through prompts. This paradigm shifts some creative control from the user to the system, thereby diminishing the user's authorship and autonomy in the writing process. To restore autonomy, we introduce Textfocals, a UI prototype designed to investigate a human-centered approach that emphasizes the user's role in writing. Textfocals supports the writing process by providing LLM-generated summaries, questions, and advice (i.e., LLM views) in a sidebar of a text editor, encouraging reflection and self-driven revision in writing without direct text generation. Textfocals' UI affordances, including contextually adaptive views and scaffolding for prompt selection and customization, offer a novel way to interact with LLMs where users maintain full authorship of their writing. A formative user study with Textfocals showed promising evidence that this approach might help users develop underdeveloped ideas, cater to the rhetorical audience, and clarify their writing. However, the study also showed interaction design challenges related to document navigation and scoping, prompt engineering, and context management. Our work highlights the breadth of the design space of writing support interfaces powered by generative AI that maintain authorship integrity., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures; Accepted to 5th Workshop on Human-AI Co-Creation with Generative Models (HAI-GEN) at ACM IUI 2024

Published
2024

15. Physics-Informed LSTM-Based Delay Compensation Framework for Teleoperated UGVs

Author

Abubakar, Ahmad, Zweiri, Yahya, Haddad, AbdelGafoor, Yakubu, Mubarak, Alhammadi, Ruqayya, and Seneviratne, Lakmal

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Bilateral teleoperation of low-speed Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) on soft terrains is crucial for applications like lunar exploration, offering effective control of terrain-induced longitudinal slippage. However, latency arising from transmission delays over a network presents a challenge in maintaining high-fidelity closed-loop integration, potentially hindering UGV controls and leading to poor command-tracking performance. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel predictor framework that employs a Physics-informed Long Short-Term Memory (PiLSTM) network for designing bilateral teleoperator controls that effectively compensate for large delays. Contrasting with conventional model-free predictor frameworks, which are limited by their linear nature in capturing nonlinear and temporal dynamic behaviors, our approach integrates the LSTM structure with physical constraints for enhanced performance and better generalization across varied scenarios. Specifically, four distinct predictors were employed in the framework: two compensate for forward delays, while the other two compensate for backward delays. Due to their effectiveness in learning from temporal data, the proposed PiLSTM framework demonstrates a 26.1\ improvement in delay compensation over the conventional model-free predictors for large delays in open-loop case studies. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to validate the efficacy of the framework in close-loop scenarios, particularly to compensate for the real-network delays experienced by teleoperated UGVs coupled with longitudinal slippage. The results confirm the proposed framework is effective in restoring the fidelity of the closed-loop integration. This improvement is showcased through improved performance and transparency, which leads to excellent command-tracking performance.

Published
2024

16. A Comprehensive Analytical Review on Cybercrime in West Africa

Author

Adewopo, Victor, Azumah, Sylvia Worlali, Yakubu, Mustapha Awinsongya, Gyamfi, Emmanuel Kojo, Ozer, Murat, and Elsayed, Nelly

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Cybercrime is a growing concern in West Africa due to the increasing use of technology and internet penetration in the region. Legal frameworks are essential for guiding the control of cybercrime. However, the implementation proves challenging for law enforcement agencies due to the absence of a dedicated and effective regional institutional follow-up mechanism. This study conducted a systematic literature review focusing on West Africa's prevalence of cybercrime, governing policies, regulations, and methodologies for combating cybercrime. West-Africa countries face significant cybercrime challenges, exacerbated by inadequate resources and a dearth of security experts. This study pinpoints potential cybercrime prevention strategies, such as leveraging the Triage framework and broadening research to cover pivotal areas like cyber aggression and cyberbullying. Our research findings highlight the urgency for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to devise more efficient prevention strategies and policies. Overall, this study provides invaluable insights into the state of cybercrime in West Africa to guide the formulation of potent prevention and intervention strategies.

Published
2024

17. Agricultural 4.0 Leveraging on Technological Solutions: Study for Smart Farming Sector

Author

Gyamfi, Emmanuel Kojo, ElSayed, Zag, Kropczynski, Jess, Yakubu, Mustapha Awinsongya, and Elsayed, Nelly

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

By 2050, it is predicted that there will be 9 billion people on the planet, which will call for more production, lower costs, and the preservation of natural resources. It is anticipated that atypical occurrences and climate change will pose severe risks to agricultural output. It follows that a 70% or more significant rise in food output is anticipated. Smart farming, often known as agriculture 4.0, is a tech-driven revolution in agriculture with the goal of raising industry production and efficiency. Four primary trends are responsible for it: food waste, climate change, population shifts, and resource scarcity. The agriculture industry is changing as a result of the adoption of emerging technologies. Using cutting-edge technology like IoT, AI, and other sensors, smart farming transforms traditional production methods and international agricultural policies. The objective is to establish a value chain that is optimized to facilitate enhanced monitoring and decreased labor expenses. The agricultural sector has seen tremendous transformation as a result of the fourth industrial revolution, which has combined traditional farming methods with cutting-edge technology to increase productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. To effectively utilize the potential of technology gadgets in the agriculture sector, collaboration between governments, private sector entities, and other stakeholders is necessary. This paper covers Agriculture 4.0, looks at its possible benefits and drawbacks of the implementation methodologies, compatibility, reliability, and investigates the several digital tools that are being utilized to change the agriculture industry and how to mitigate the challenges., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, under reviewing process

Published
2024

18. High magnetic anisotropy and magnetocaloric effects in single crystal Cr$_2$Te$_3$

Author

Goswami, Anirban, Ng, Nicholas, Abeykoon, AM Milinda, Yakubu, Emmanuel, and Guchhait, Samaresh

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We report a systematic investigation of anisotropic magnetocaloric effects in single crystal Cr$_2$Te$_3$. Single crystal samples are synthesized by chemical vapor transport and characterized by x-ray and Laue diffraction methods. The maximum magnetic entropy change $-\Delta S_{\text M}^{\text{max}}$ is 4.50 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ for the easy c-axis (3.36 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ for the hard ab-plane) and the relative cooling power RCP is 296.7 J kg$^{-1}$ for the easy c-axis (183.84 J kg$^{-1}$ for the hard axis ab-plane) near the Curie temperature for a magnetic field change of 9 T. The magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K$_u$ is estimated to be 486.92 kJ m$^{-3}$ at 146 K, decreasing to 148.60 kJ m$^{-3}$ at 168 K. Meanwhile, the maximum of the rotational magnetic entropy change $\Delta S_{\text M}^{\text R}(T, H)$ between the c-axis and the ab-plane is about 1.14 J kg$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ for magnetic-field change of 9 T. The critical exponents are estimated by analyzing magnetocaloric effects, which indicate 2D-Ising type magnetic system. The accuracy of estimated critical exponents is verified by scaling analysis. The maximum magnetic entropy change $-\Delta S_{\text M}^{\text{max}}$ $\approx$5.25 J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$ (along the c-axis) and the corresponding adiabatic temperature change $\Delta T_{\text{ad}}$ $\approx$3.31 K (along the c-axis) are estimated by analyzing heat capacity measurements with a magnetic field up to 9 Tesla.

Published
2023

19. Assessing Ionizing Radiation Exposure Risks to Human Health in Wadi-B, Jere Oil Exploration Areas, Borno State, Nigeria

Author

Ali Yakubu, Tijjani Hassan Darma, Usman M Ibrahim, Aminu Maitama, Saidu Suleiman Zarma, Umar Muhammad Dankawu, Yakubu Hannafi, Fatima Kachallah, and Muhammad Ibrahim

Subjects
aed, elcr, radionuclides, radon gas, ionisation radiation, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Ionizing radiation, emanating from decaying nuclides, poses potential biological harm to human organs. Wadi B, a village within the Jere local government area of Borno State, Nigeria, is currently undergoing oil exploration activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the outdoor gamma radiation levels at the Wadi B oil exploration site. Utilizing a portable hand dosimeter (Radiation Alert Inspector), gamma exposure levels (GEL) were measured across sixteen (16) spots within the exploration site. Results revealed that the gamma exposure levels measured in the boreholes FYM (1 to 8), range from 0.17- 0.27 Mr/hr, with an average of 0.21 Mr/hr while, the levels around the wells FYM (9 to 16) vary from 0.14- 0.25 Mr/hr, with an average of 0.18 Mr/hr. The estimated annual effective dose (AED) varied from 0.24528 to 0.47304 μSv/yr, averaging at 0.3460 μSv/yr. Notably, the average values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, and Gamma radiation exceeded the recommended limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006), which are 400 μS/cm for conductivity, (50-150) ppm for TDS, and 0.002 mR/hr for radiation doses, respectively. However, the calculated Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) values were lower than the proposed world average level of 70 μSv/yr by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). This study suggests a heightened risk of exposure to outdoor ionizing radiation among inhabitants residing near the study locations

Published
2024
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20. Assessment of Radon Concentration in some Selected Water Sources at Kiyawa Town, Kiyawa, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Author

Haruna Y Shuaibu, Yusuf Shuaibu, Umar M Dankawu, Ali Yakubu, Yakubu Mohammed, Abdulhaqq A Olaide, Sabo Isyaku, Gaima K D Adamu, Usman M Ibrahim, Musa Ahmadu, Aminu Maitama, and Muhammad I Bukar

Subjects
radon-222, water, liquid scintillation counter, radiation exposure, maximum contaminant level, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this study, an assessment of Radon concentration in some selected water sources from Kiyawa town, Kiyawa local Government area, Jigawa state, Nigeria was conducted. The results obtained show that the concentrations of Radon in the water samples ranged from 32.152 to 43.891 Bq/L, with mean values of 37.78 Bq/L and 35.13 Bq/L for well and borehole water respectively. These results were compared with the world average Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 Bq/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO), and it was observed that 60% of the recorded Radon concentrations, alongside the mean values for both water types, exceeded the WHO's recommended MCL of 10 Bq/L, as well as the MCL of 11.1 Bq/L set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1991. However, all mean values were below the recommended action level of 100 Bq/L set by the European Commission (2001/928/Euratom) for public water supplies, and WHO in 2008. Also, all the mean values of the annual effective doses exceeded the recommended level of 0.1 mSv/year set by the WHO. Consequently, it is recommended that the inhabitants of Kiyawa town boil their water, regardless of its source, before drinking to reduce Radon concentrations in the water.

Published
2024
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28. Detection of Offensive and Threatening Online Content in a Low Resource Language

Author

Adam, Fatima Muhammad, Zandam, Abubakar Yakubu, and Inuwa-Dutse, Isa

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Hausa is a major Chadic language, spoken by over 100 million people in Africa. However, from a computational linguistic perspective, it is considered a low-resource language, with limited resources to support Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Online platforms often facilitate social interactions that can lead to the use of offensive and threatening language, which can go undetected due to the lack of detection systems designed for Hausa. This study aimed to address this issue by (1) conducting two user studies (n=308) to investigate cyberbullying-related issues, (2) collecting and annotating the first set of offensive and threatening datasets to support relevant downstream tasks in Hausa, (3) developing a detection system to flag offensive and threatening content, and (4) evaluating the detection system and the efficacy of the Google-based translation engine in detecting offensive and threatening terms in Hausa. We found that offensive and threatening content is quite common, particularly when discussing religion and politics. Our detection system was able to detect more than 70% of offensive and threatening content, although many of these were mistranslated by Google's translation engine. We attribute this to the subtle relationship between offensive and threatening content and idiomatic expressions in the Hausa language. We recommend that diverse stakeholders participate in understanding local conventions and demographics in order to develop a more effective detection system. These insights are essential for implementing targeted moderation strategies to create a safe and inclusive online environment., Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables

Published
2023

30. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Lassa virus infection in South-West and North-Central Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study

Author

Abdulwasiu B. Tiamiyu, Olutunde A. Adegbite, Olivia Freides, Seth Frndak, Samirah Sani Mohammed, Erica Broach, Kara Lombardi, Victor Anyebe, Roseline Akiga, Ndubuisi C. Okeke, Jegede E. Feyisayo, Oscar Ugwuezumba, Cassandra Akinde, Anthonia Osuji, Norah Agu, Tope Analogbei, Chinelo Ekweremadu, Danielle Bartolanzo, Petra Prins, Ying Fan, Doris Emekaili, Felicia Abah, Vincent Chiwetelu, Paul Dike, Esther Isaiah, Miriam Ayogu, Eunice Ogunkelu, Uzoamaka C. Agbaim, Adelekun Bukunmi, Yakubu Adamu, Tsedal Mebrahtu, Anastasia Zuppe, Matthew Johnston, Kayvon Modjarrad, Helina Meri, Zahra Parker, Edward Akinwale, Melanie D. McCauley, Glenna Schluck, David B. King, Leigh Anne Eller, Nathan Okeji, Ojor R. Ayemoba, Natalie D. Collins, Michael O. Iroezindu, Shilpa Hakre, and EID023 Lassa study team

Subjects
Epidemiology, Lassa virus, Seroprevalence, Community-based study, Emerging infectious disease, Nigeria, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Understanding the level of exposure to Lassa virus (LASV) in at-risk communities allows for the administration of effective preventive interventions to mitigate epidemics of Lassa fever. We assessed the seroprevalence of LASV antibodies in rural and semiurban communities of two cosmopolitan cities in Nigeria with poorly understood Lassa epidemiology. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten communities located in the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Abuja, and Ikorodu Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos, from February 2nd to July 5th, 2022. Serum samples collected from participants were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies using a ReLASV® Pan-Lassa NP IgG/IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A questionnaire administered to participants collected self-reported sociodemographic and LASV exposure information. Seroprevalence of LASV IgG/IgM was estimated overall, and by study site. Univariate and multivariate log-binomial models estimated unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for site-specific risk factors for LASV seropositivity. Grouped Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for variable selection for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 628 participants with serum samples were included in the study. Most participants were female (434, 69%), married (459, 73%), and had a median age of 38 years (interquartile range 28–50). The overall seroprevalence was 27% (171/628), with a prevalence of 33% (126/376) in Abuja and 18% (45/252) in Lagos. Based on site-specific grouped LASSO selection, enrollment in the dry season (vs. wet; aPR, 95% CI: 1.73, 1.33–2.24), reported inconsistent washing of fruits and vegetables (aPR, 95% CI: 1.45, 1.10–1.92), and a positive malaria rapid test (aPR, 95% CI: 1.48, 1.09-2.00) were independently associated with LASV seropositivity in Abuja, whereas, only a self-reported history of rhinorrhea (PR, 95% CI: 2.21, 1.31–3.72) was independently associated with Lassa seropositivity in Lagos. Conclusions The LASV seroprevalence was comparable to that in other areas in Nigeria. Our findings corroborate those from other studies on the importance of limiting human exposure to rodents and focusing on behavioral factors such as poor hygiene practices to reduce exposure to LASV.

Published
2024
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31. Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and virological non-suppression among children living with HIV in a low transmission area in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Author

Adwoa K. A. Afrane, Yakubu Alhassan, Linda Eva Amoah, Mame Yaa Nyarko, Adolphina Addo-Lartey, Elijah Paintsil, and Kwasi Torpey

Subjects
Antiretroviral therapy, Asymptomatic malaria, Parasitaemia, Paediatric HIV, Viral load, Virological non-suppression, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and malaria are two major diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Co-infection can significantly impact the clinical outcomes of both conditions. We assessed the proportion of HIV-infected children at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and Princess Marie Louise Hospital (PML) with malaria parasites. The association between asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and virological non-suppression was also determined in these children. Methods This cross-sectional study of 277 asymptomatic malaria in children receiving care at paediatric HIV clinics at KBTH and PML was conducted from September to November 2022. Patients who had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least six months were eligible to participate. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information, malaria prevention behaviors, and ART-related data using in-person interviews. Microscopy and PCR were used to screen for malaria, and GeneXpert was used to determine viral load. To examine the determinants of malaria PCR positivity and virological non-suppression, chi-square tests and logistic regression were performed. Results The median age of the participants was 9 years (range: 6–12 years). Males comprised 158 (57%) of the study population. We detected 10 (3.6%) and 21 (7.6%) malaria cases by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Virological non-suppression (VL > 1000 copies/ml) was observed in 82 (29.6%) of the 277 participants. Among the suppressed individuals, 62 (22.4%) exhibited low-level viraemia (VL level 40-1000 copies/ml) and 133 (48%) had undetectable viral load levels. No factors were associated with the presence of malaria PCR positivity carriage. Poor adherence to ART was associated with a five-fold increase in the risk of viral load non-suppression (AOR = 4.89 [CI = 2.00-11.98], p = 0.001). Conclusion The proportion of children living with HIV with asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia was low. Approximately one-third of the study population had virological non-suppression. The interaction between malaria parasitemia and viral replication may not be the main cause for virological non-suppression in this low transmission area.

Published
2024
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32. Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Discharged COVID-19 Patients from Isolation Centers in North-Central, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Author

Friday Philip Tungchama, Simji Samuel Gomerep, Yusufu Taru Maigari, Margret Akogun, Amabu Enoch Bako, Charles Nnemeka Nwoga, Ebiloma Christiana Ajuma, Emmanuel Tope Amupitan, and Nathan Yakubu Shehu

Subjects
anxiety, covid-19, depression, discharged, isolation, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented number of people to be isolated and this negatively impacted on manifestations of various anxiety and depressive symptoms. Our study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors among discharged COVID-19 patients in North-Central, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and sixteen discharged COVID-19 patients were assessed in a cross-sectional study during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. The age, gender, educational level, length of stay in isolation, and presence of symptoms of COVID-19 were assessed with a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the authors. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used to assess for the symptoms of anxiety and depression among participants. Results: The mean age was 38.7 ± 14.6 years. More men (59%) were assessed with 67.2% of the participants “ever married,” and 43% had tertiary education. Voluntary admission was 62% and about 14% had symptoms of COVID-19. Forty-three percent had stayed for more than 10 days. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was 17.2% and 9.5%, respectively, with 10.3% having combined symptoms. No significant association between the various sociodemographic and clinical factors, with symptoms of anxiety, except for the female gender which was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Isolation and COVID-19 impact on the manifestation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms should be integrated into the comprehensive psychological management of patients, especially for epidemic-prone diseases like COVID-19 that are associated with stigma.

Published
2024
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33. Properties and applications of natural, synthetic and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite: A review

Author

Kator Jeff Jomboh, Adele Dzikwi Garkida, Emmanuel Majiyebo Alemaka, Mohammed Kabir Yakubu, Vershima Cephas Alkali, Wilson Uzochukwu Eze, and Nuhu Lawal

Subjects
natural fiber, synthetic fiber, reinforced polymer composites, hybrid polymer composites, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Environmental challenges associated with synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites, such as non-biodegradability and poor recyclability, require the exploration of various natural materials, especially from waste streams, to fully or partially replace such reinforcements. However, these natural fibers also present challenges such as high water absorption, low thermal stability, and average mechanical properties. To circumvent these problems, natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites, which contain one or more types of natural reinforcement, are gaining increasing research interest. This paper presents a review of natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. Both thermoplastics and thermosets reinforced by natural and synthetic fibers (hybrid fibers) are reviewed. The properties of fibers and the resulting composites and processing techniques are summarized.

Published
2024
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34. Cooking fuel used and noncommunicable diseases in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Mobolaji Timothy Olagunju, Olunike Rebecca Abodunrin, Oluwabukola Mary Ola, Ifeoluwa Olaitan Olagunju, Massira Ousenni Diawara, Salimata Yakubu, and Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu

Subjects
clean fuel adoption, indoor air pollution, noncommunicable diseases, public health intervention, solid fuel use, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

China’s rapid growth has led to environmental, health, and economic challenges due to the widespread use of solid fuels such as coal and biomass. This issue is particularly prevalent in rural areas and affects 2.4 billion people globally. The harmful compounds released from burning these fuels are linked to various health issues. This review aims to summarize the health implications of solid fuel use in China and provide recommendations for cleaner cooking fuels. The study investigates the link between solid cooking fuel use and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in China. It includes data from 2000 to 2022, with a focus on indoor air pollution and NCD development. The research adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The search yielded 16 studies examining the link between solid cooking fuel use and NCDs in China. These studies covered a range of NCDs and indoor pollutants across 26 provinces, offering a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between indoor air pollution and NCDs. The findings revealed a significant prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer attributable to indoor air pollution exposure. The study underscores the need for public health intervention to reduce the burden of NCDs and promote the adoption of clean fuel. The evidence provided could motivate policies to encourage cleaner fuel usage.

Published
2024
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35. Prediction of body weight of mixed breeds of pigs in Nigeria through morpho-biometric traits using classification and regression tree models

Author

I. Mallam, A. Yakubu, and N.P. Achi

Subjects
prediction, body weight, pigs, morpho-biometric, regression tree, model, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract. The study was conducted to predict the body weight of mixed breeds of pigs in Nigeria through morpho-biometric traits (body length, chest girth, height at withers, ear length, head length, foreleg length, and hind leg length) using classification and regression tree models. The data were produced using 500 randomly selected mixed breeds of pigs from various farms in five Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 2016). Body weight correlated well with morphometric characteristics except with foreleg length, which had a low correlation and no significant (P>0.05) difference. Two body dimensions were shown to be more effective in predicting the body weight of the mixed-breeds based on the significance of the independent variables: chest girth and body length. The largest dividing variable was determined to be chest girth, which explained roughly 88.60 % of the difference in body weight. The decision tree model revealed that pigs with chest girth or chest circumference greater than 76.00 cm are expected to have a higher body weight, which livestock producers and researchers could use to determine the feed amount, drug dose, and market price of an animal, as well as the management, selection, and genetic improvement of mixed breeds of pigs in Nigeria.

Published
2024
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36. Research priorities to strengthen environmental cleaning in healthcare facilities: the CLEAN Group Consensus

Author

Giorgia Gon, Angela Dramowski, Emilio Hornsey, Wendy Graham, Nasser Fardousi, Alexander Aiken, Benedetta Allegranzi, Darcy Anderson, James Bartram, Sanjay Bhattacharya, John Brogan, An Caluwaerts, Maria Clara Padoveze, Nizam Damani, Stephanie Dancer, Miranda Deeves, Lindsay Denny, Nicholas Feasey, Lisa Hall, Joost Hopman, Laxman Kharal Chettry, Martin Kiernan, Claire Kilpatrick, Shaheen Mehtar, Christine Moe, Stephen Nurse-Findlay, Folasade Ogunsola, Tochi Okwor, Bruno Pascual, Molly Patrick, Oliver Pearse, Alexandra Peters, Didier Pittet, Julie Storr, Sara Tomczyk, Thomas G. Weiser, and Habib Yakubu

Subjects
Environment cleaning, Healthcare facilities, Research priorities, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Environmental cleaning is essential to patient and health worker safety, yet it is a substantially neglected area in terms of knowledge, practice, and capacity-building, especially in resource-limited settings. Public health advocacy, research and investment are urgently needed to develop and implement cost-effective interventions to improve environmental cleanliness and, thus, overall healthcare quality and safety. We outline here the CLEAN Group Consensus exercise yielding twelve urgent research questions, grouped into four thematic areas: standards, system strengthening, behaviour change, and innovation.

Published
2024
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37. Application of the behaviour-centred design to understand facilitators and deterrents of hand hygiene among healthcare providers: findings from a formative phase of a cluster randomised trial in the Kampala Metropolitan area

Author

Tonny Ssekamatte, Richard K. Mugambe, John Bosco Isunju, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Aisha Nalugya, Christine Adyedo, Solomon T. Wafula, Esther Buregyeya, Rebecca Nuwematsiko, Joann Bateman, Julie Balen, Lynnette Lusenaka, Habib Yakubu, and Christine L. Moe

Subjects
Hand hygiene, Behaviour centered design, Infection Prevention, And Control, Uganda, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Hand hygiene is known to reduce healthcare-associated infections. However, it remains suboptimal among healthcare providers. In this study, we used the Behaviour-centered Design approach to explore the facilitators and deterrents to hand hygiene among healthcare providers in the Kampala Metropolitan area, Uganda. Methods We conducted a formative qualitative study as part of a cluster randomised trial in 19 healthcare facilities (HCFs). The study used 19 semi-structured and 18 key informant interviews to collect data on hand hygiene status and facilitators and deterrents of hand hygiene. Research assistants transcribed verbatim and used a thematic framework aided by Nvivo 14.0. to undertake analysis. We used thick descriptions and illustrative quotes to enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of our findings. Results About 47.4% of the HCFs had sufficient hand hygiene infrastructure, and 57.9% did not report total compliance with hand hygiene during patient care. The physical facilitator for hand hygiene was the presence of constant reminders such as nudges, while the biological included the frequency of patient contact and the nature of clinical work. The only biological deterrent was the heavy workload in HCFs. The executive brain facilitators included knowledge of workplace health risks, infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines, and a positive attitude. A negative attitude was the executive brain deterrent to hand hygiene. Recognition, rewards, and fear of infections were the only motivated brain facilitators. Behavioural setting facilitators included proximity to functional hand hygiene infrastructure, the existence of active IPC committees, good leadership, and the availability of a budget for hand hygiene supplies. Behavioural setting deterrents included the non-functionality and non-proximity to hand hygiene infrastructure and inadequate supplies. Conclusions The study revealed low compliance with hand hygiene during the critical moments of patient care and inadequacy of hand hygiene infrastructure. The deterrents to hand hygiene included a heavy workload, negative attitude, inadequate supplies, non-functionality, and long distance to hand washing stations. Facilitators included constant reminders, fear of infections, frequency of patient contact and nature of clinical work, positive attitude, knowledge of IPC guidelines, recognition and reward, good leadership, availability of budgets for hand hygiene supplies, availability and proximity to hand hygiene supplies and infrastructure and active IPC committees. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry with number ISRCTN98148144. The trial was registered on 23/11/2020.

Published
2024
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38. Postharvest losses, causes and mitigation in tomato transportation: a systematic review

Author

Emmanuel Kefas, Bashir Aliyu, and Yakubu Tashiwa

Subjects
packaging materials, postharvest losses, road condition, tomatoes, transportation, Agriculture
Abstract

Purpose: The study aimed to provide an overview of tomato loss during road transportation with specific interest in the causes of the postharvest loss, postharvest loss mitigation measures, as well as research focus and trends over the past few decades. Findings: Transport conditions significantly affect tomato quality, influenced by factors like vehicle specifications and road conditions, which contribute to mechanical damage. Post-harvest losses stem from various factors such as the usage of inadequate harvesting tools, inefficient handling and transport equipment, usage of inappropriate packaging materials, poor temperature management and rough handling of fresh fruits as well as substandard road infrastructure. These issues collectively result in substantial losses, reaching up to 60%, notably impacting developing countries. Limitations: The study focused on existing literature published in English. Consequently, it may not offer a comprehensive overview, as other studies with abundant information on the subject might be written in languages not covered by this study’s language restriction. Directions for future research: Future research should prioritize investigating the impact of mechanical stress, such as vibration and impact loads, experienced by fruits like fresh tomatoes during road transport and material handling. Additionally, there is a need to assess the effectiveness of different packaging materials in safeguarding transported tomatoes against mechanical stress.

Published
2024
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39. Interprofessional Collaboration amongst Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria

Author

Solomon Daniel Halilu, Afisulahi Abiodun Maiyegun, Joshua Oluwafemi Aiyekomogbon, Yakubu Bababa Shirama, Yahkub Babatunde Mutalub, and Funmilayo Jane Oyediji

Subjects
healthcare cooperation, healthcare coordination, healthcare partnership, interprofessional collaboration, nigeria, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Interprofessional collaboration in healthcare is important to optimise healthcare delivery. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the topic in Nigeria, especially in the North. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of interprofessional collaboration, enablers and barriers amongst healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a five-domain modified Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale questionnaire, with a Likert scale of 1–5. The ideal mean score was ≤2 for the barriers domain and ≥4 for the other domains. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Two hundred and sixty-six participants responded to the questionnaire. Male and female respondents were 131 (49.2%) each. Half of the respondents were 31 to 40 years old. One hundred and thirty-six (51.1%) of the respondents were nurses, and 48 (18.0%) were doctors. The modal working experience was 6–11 years (41.4%), and 117 (44.0%) respondents had at least a bachelor’s degree. The mean scores for the domains were 4.1032 for partnership, 3.2383 for cooperation, 3.6309 for coordination, 4.2844 for enablers and 3.7902 for barriers. Conclusion: There was adequate level of partnership and enablers amongst the healthcare workers but insufficient cooperation and coordination and high level of barriers. Staff training on cooperation, coordination and identified barriers is necessary to improve interprofessional collaboration in the hospital.

Published
2024
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40. Assessment of Radon Concentration in Groundwater with Associated Human-Health Implications around Bagwai and Shanono Artisan Gold Mining Site Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria

Author

Yakubu Hannafi, Koki F Salmanu, Musa S Abdulhamid, Ali Yakubu, Abubakar Muhammed, and Aliyu Rilwan

Subjects
groundwater, ingestion, inhalation, radon, rad7 detector, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

This study assesses the activity concentration of Radon in underground water around Bagwai and Shanono artisan gold mining Sites in Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria. A total of (39) underground water samples, including sixteen (16) from boreholes and twenty-three (23) from hand-dug wells, were randomly collected. The activity concentration of Radon was analyzed using a portable radon detector, Rad7, from DURRIDGE Company. The results show that the radon concentration in all the water samples ranges from 4.13 to 45.24 Bq/l, with an average value of 20.13 Bq/l. The calculated total annual effective dose due to both ingestion and inhalation for different age groups ranges from 42.40, 57.60 and 65.30 (µSv/y) to 457.10, 622.06 and 704.60 (µSv/y), with an average value of 203.32, 276.70 and 313.51 (µSv/y) for adults, children, and infants respectively. The total excess lifetime cancer risk for different age groups varies from 0.00149, 0.00202 and 0.0247 to 0.0160, 0.0220 and 0.0247 with mean values of 0.00703, 0.00956 and 0.0109 for adults, children, and infants. The obtained results are higher than the internationally recommended limits set by USEPA of 4 to 40Bq/l and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) value of 0.1mS/y; thus, the water in the study area is not suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes. Hence, remedial action needs to be taken by the authorities to ensure the continuous utilization of water within the study area.

Published
2024
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41. Applications of Diatom for Treatment of Industrial Effluents: Waste to Wealth Approach

Author

Mathew, John Tsado, primary, Inobeme, Abel, additional, Muhammad Bini, Etsuyankpa, additional, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, additional, Shaba, Elijah Yanda, additional, Monday, Musah, additional, Azeh, Yakubu, additional, Jiya, Mary Jummai, additional, Ezekiel, Tanko, additional, Aishetu Ibrahim, Muhammad, additional, Mamman, Amos, additional, Maurice, Jemkur, additional, and Ibrahim, Muhammad Aishetu, additional

Published
2024
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43. Structures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials

Author

Rajeev Sharma, Neha Mishra, Simon Cousens, Sanjay Gupta, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Jonathan Cook, David Jayne, Hemanth Kumar, Peter Brocklehurst, Mohammed Bashir, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Laura Magill, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Stephen Tabiri, Joseph Yorke, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Bryar Kadir, Naveen Sharma, Punam Mistry, Joshua Arthur, Muneer A Malik, Tracy Roberts, Elisee Rwagahirima, Christian Urimubabo, Ewen Harrison, Vijay Kumar, Julia Brown, Pollyanna Hardy, Amit Mahajan, Pratik Solanki, James Glasbey, Himani Gupta, Omar Omar, Joana Simoes, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Anita Thomas, David Lissauer, Zainab Imam, George Ihediwa, Zainab O Imam, Felix M Alakaloko, Pradeep Zechariah, Suraj Surendran, Olatunji O Lawal, Mohammed Adnan, Savleen Kaur, Faustin Ntirenganya, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Emmy Runigamugabo, Djifid Morel Seto, Paul Wondoh, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Florence Dedey, Enoch Tackie, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Anthony Davor, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Muhammad Daniyan, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Muzzammil Abdullahi, Manish Pathak, Prashant Singh, Rita Jain, Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom, Kazeem Atobatele, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Olabode Oshodi, Christopher Bode, Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Akinlabi E Ajao, Godwin Akaba, Gabriella Hyman, Deepak Singh, Olukemi Akande, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Naseem Akhtar, José A Flores, Donna Smith, Olatunji Lawal, Hadijat Olaide Raji, Zafar Khan, Matthew Francis, Emmanuel Williams, Pardeep Kumar, Oliver Samuel, María Paz Muñoz, Arun Chaturvedi, Sameer Gupta, Puneet Prakash, John Raphael, Funmilola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Murlidhar V Pai, Deepak Jain, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu, Lukmon Amosu, Akan Inyang, Michael Amoah, Boateng Nimako, Dhruva Ghosh, Neil Winkles, Olabisi O Osagie, Karolin Kroese, Olubunmi Ogein, Mustapha Yakubu, Vasanth Mark Samuel, Cecil Thomas, Enono Yhoshu, Vishal Michael, William Bhatti, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Atul Suroy, Christopher O Bode, George C Ihediwa, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Benedetto Osunwusi, Elizabeth Li, Sonia Mathai, Deepak Singla, Farhanul Huda, Aisha Mustapha, Anisah Yahya, Samuel Mensah, Puneet Pareek, Bernard Ofori, Souliath Lawani, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Opeyemi Rebecca Akinajo, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Olumide Adeniyi, Adewale O. Adisa, Natacha Boumas, Fareeda Galley, Frank Enoch Gyamfi Parvez D Haque, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Chukwuma Okereke, Ronald Tubasime, Felicity Brant, Sohini Chakrabortee, Parvez D Haque, Emily Heritage, Carmela Lapitan, Rachel Lillywhite, Pierre Sodonougbo, Pamphile Assouto, Michel Fiogbe, Houenoukpo Koco, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Hodonou Sogbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Yannick Tandje, Sosthène Kangni, Cyrile Kpangon, Marcelin Akpla, Hugues Herve Chobli, Blaise Kovohouande, Gérard Agboton, Rene Ahossi, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Nathan Bisimwa, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Mireille Dokponou, Francis Moïse Dossou, Corinne Dzemta, Antoine Gaou, Roland Goudou, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Sunday Houtoukpe, Felix Kamga, Eric Kiki- Migan, Ismaïl Lawani, René Loko, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Pencome Ogouyemi, Fouad Soumanou, Pia Tamadaho, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Benedict Boakye, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Patience Koggoh, Richard Kpankpari, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Martin Tangnaa Morna, John Nkrumah, Michael Nortey, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Eric Agyemang Vera Agyekum, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Ato Oppong Acquah, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Esther Asabre, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Barbara Koomson, Ataa Kusiwaa, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, James Ankomah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Godfred Fosu, Godwin Serbeh, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Zelda Robertson, Ralph Armah, Christopher Asare, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Victoria Sena Gawu, Ambe Obbeng, Doris Ofosuhene, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Diana Puozaa, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Regina Acquah, James Amoako, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Mark Aseti, Charles Banka, Samuel Dadzie, Derick Essien, Romeo Hussey, Jemima Kwarteng, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Grace Yeboah, Cynthia Yeboah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Percy Boakye, Christian Larbi Coompson, Brian Gyamfi, Bismark Effah Kontor, Christian Kyeremeh, Ruth Manu, Elijah Mensah, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Jane Acquaye, Michael Adinku, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, George Amoah, Juliana Appiah, Alex Ayim, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Edward Amoah Boateng, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Iddrisu Haruna, Naa Kwarley, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Dominic Opoku, Anita Osabutey, Robert Sagoe, Samuel Tuffour, Yaa Tufour, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Faisal Adjei, Erica Akoto, Elikem Ametefe, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Godsway Solomon Attepor, George Darko Brown, Benjamin Fenu, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Theodore Wordui, Nelson Agboadoh, Fatao Abubakari, Cletus Ballu, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Guy Casskey Boateng, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Junior Atta Owusu, Vivian Adobea, Amos Bennin, Fred Dankwah, Stanley Doe, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Ephraim Kobby, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson Larnyor, Edwin Osei, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Marshall Zume, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Imoro Osman, Sheba Kunfah, Gbana Limann, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sheriff Mohammed, Yakubu Musah, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Arun Gautham, Alice Hepzibah, Grace Mary, Dimple Bhatti, Karan Bir, Tapasya Dhar, Sunita Goyal, Goyal Ankush, Monika Hans, Parvez Haque, Samuel Konda, Anil Luther, Shalini Makkar, Kavita Mandrelle, Partho Mukherjee, Reuben Rajappa, Ravinder Thind, Alen Thomas, Arti Tuli, Sreejith Veetil, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, K Priyadarshini, Latha Madankumar, Rohin Mittal, Ida Nagomy, Rajesh Selvakumar, Bharat Shankar, Moonish Sivakumar, Rajeevan Sridhar, Devabalan Titus, Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Vinoth Kanna, Ashwani Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Josy Thomas, Amos Dasari, Priya Jacob, Elizabeth Kurien, Arpit Mathew, Danita Prakash, Anju Susan, Rose Varghese, Rahul Alpheus, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Subrat Raul, Rakesh Vakil, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Edgar Cortes Torres, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Erick González García de Rojas, Alejandro González Ojeda, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Diego Luna Acevedo, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Oscar Olvera Flores, José Pérez Navarro, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Luis Ramírez-González, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Ramona Rojas García, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Marco Hurtado Romero, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, David Dominguez Solano, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Ana Cortes Flores, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Roque Lincona Menindez, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Maria Martínez Lara, Laura Martinez Perez Maldonado, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Antonio Ramos De la Medina, Khadija Ado, Mohammed Aliyu, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Mahmoud Magashi, Abubakar Muhammad, Saminu Muhammad, Bello Muideen, Idris Takai, Onyekachi Ukata, Opeoluwa Adesanya, David Awonuga, Olushola Fasiku, Chidiebere Ogo, Moruf Abdulsalam, Abimbola Adeniran, Grace Eke, Esther Momson, Francisca Nwaenyi, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Yusuf Oshodi, Yemisi Oyewole, Omotade Salami, Omolara Williams, Victoria Adeleye, Opeyemi Akinajo, David Akinboyewa, Iyabo Alasi, Oluwole Atoyebi, Olanrewaju Balogun, Orimisan Belie, Andrew Ekwesianya, Francis Ezenwankwo, Adesola Jimoh, Jubril Kuku, Oluwaseun Ladipo- Ajayi, Ayomide Makanjuola, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Ojewola, Abraham Oladimeji, Thomas Olajide, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Aloy Ugwu, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Chuka Ugwunne, Akeem Adeleke, Wilson Adenikinju, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Samuel Ajekwu, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Olusegun Alatise, Olubukola Allen, Micheal Archibong, Olukayode Arowolo, Deborah Ayantona, Ademola Ayinde, Olusegun Badejoko, Tajudeen Badmus, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Emeka Igbodike, Omotade Ijarotimi, Adedayo Lawal, Fayowole Nana, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Olaniyi Olayemi, Stephen Omitinde, Owolabi Oni, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, Francis Adebayo, Oseremen Aisuodionoe- Shadrach, Lazarus Ameh, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Felix Ogbo, Samson Olori, Samuel Sani Abu Sadiq, Nancy Tabuanu, Martins Uanikhoba, Godwin Chiejina, Ekpo Edet, Mary Isa, Faith Iseh, Adams Marwa, Sunday Ogbeche, Edima Olory, Gabriel Udie, Joseph Udosen, Usang Usang, Olukayode Abayomi, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adebayo, Olanrewaju Amusat, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Lawal, Solomon Olagunju, Peter Osuala, Bamidele Suleman, Augustine Takure, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Nurudeen Adeleke, Muideen Adesola, Rafiat Afolabi, Sulaiman Agodirin, Isiaka Aremu, Jibril Bello, Saheed Lawal, Abdulwahab Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Olayinka Sayomi, Asimiyu Shittu, Jude Ede, Sebastian Ekenze, Vincent Enemuo, Matthew Eze, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Emmanuel Izuka, Okezie Mbadiwe, Ngozi Mbah, Uba Ezinne, Iweha Ikechukwu, Okoi Nnyonno, Philemon Okoro, Igwe Patrick, Oriji Vaduneme, Abhulimen Victor, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Francine Mukaneza, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Gibert Ndegamiye, Ronald Tubasiime, Moses Dusabe, Emelyne Izabiriza, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Josiane Mutuyimana, Olivier Mwenedata, Francine Uwizeyimana, Job Zirikana, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Elysee Kabanda, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Christine Mukakomite, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Georges Bucyibaruta, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Violette Mukanyange, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Isaie Ncogoza, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Mary Augusta Adams, Richard Crawford, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Maria Fourtounas, Morapedi Kwati, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Paddy Pattinson, Nnosa Sentholang, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Thornley, Cheryl Birtles, Mathete Ivy, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Maria Picciochi, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Didier Ahogni Benin, Aristide Ahounou, K. Alassan Boukari, Oswald Gbehade, Thierry K Hessou, Sinama Nindopa, M.J. Bienvenue Nontonwanou, Nafissatou Orou Guessou, Arouna Sambo, Sorekou Victoire Tchati, Affisatou Tchogo, Semevo Romaric Tobome, Parfait Yanto, Isidore Gandaho, Armel Hadonou, Simplice Hinvo, Montcho Adrien Hodonou, Sambo Bio Tamou, Marie-Claire Kouroumta, Enrif Malade, Anne stredy Mkoh Dikao, Joel Nzuwa Nsilu, Nathan Bisimwa Mitima, Cyrille Kpangon, Stephane Laurent Loupeda, Mamonde Victorin Agbangla, Sena Emmanuel Hedefoun, Thierry Mavoha, Juvenal Ngaguene, Janvier Rugendabanga, Rish Romaric Soton, Martin Totin, Mouhamed Agbadebo, Irene Akpo, Hubert Dewamon, Martin Djeto, Aissatou Hada, Monsede Hollo, Albert Houndji, Anasthasie Houndote, Sylvestre Hounsa, Expedit Kpatchassou, Hugues Yome, Mohamed Moussa Alidou, Bonheur Dossou Yovo, Robert Guinnou, Souleymane Hamadou, Nabil Moussa, Boniface Cakpo, Lolyta Etchisse, Emery Hatangimana, Moise Muhindo, Katia Sanni, Agossou Barthelemy Yevide, Hermann Agossou, Fiston Basirwa Musengo, Bill Armstrong Alia, Arnaud Alitonou, Lucien Agbanda, Julien Attinon, Marcel Gbassi, Nounagnon Rene Hounsou, Derick Esssien, Yakubu Mustapha, Kojo Nunoo-Ghartey, Luke A Aniakwo, Margarey N M Adjei, Yvonne Adofo-Asamoah, Meshach M Agyapong, Thomas Agyen, Baba A B Alhassan, Mabel P Amoako-Boateng, Josephine Ashong, Joseph K Awindaogo, Benjamin B Brimpong, Makafui S C J K Dayie, Wendy W Ghansah, Jude E Gyamfi, Vincent Kudoh, Philip Mensah, Isabella N Morkor Opandoh, Martin T Morna, Emelia Odame, Emmanuel O Ofori, Sandra Quaicoo, Elizabert M Quartson, Cynthia Teye-Topey, Makafui Yigah, Safia Yussif, Vera O Agyekum-Gyimah, Eric Agyemang, Arko Akoto- Ampaw, Temitope E Arkorful, Moses A Dokurugu, Nanabanyin Essel, Aja Ijeoma, Emmanuel L Obiri, Karen N D Quarchey, Leslie Adam-Zakariah, Aaron B Andoh, Ruby A Boateng, Atta Kusiwaa, Adeline Naah, Ato Oppon-Acquah, Benjamin A Oppong, Emma A Agbowada, Ameley Akosua, O Lawrence Dorcas Acheampong, Frank E Gyamfi, Bertina B Nyadu, Samira Abdulai, Nii A Adu-Aryee, Joachim K Amoako, Nicholas T Aperkor, Wilfred K Asman, Godsway S Attepor, Antoinette A Bediako-Bowan, George D Brown, Victor K Etwire, Benjamin S Fenu, Philemon K Kumassah, Linda A Larbi-Siaw, Josephine Nsaful, David O Olatola, Sandra E Tsatsu, Iddrisu I A Abdul-Aziz, Johnson Akunyam, Gilbert A G Anasara, Charles G Barimah, Guy C Boateng, Ponala W Kwabena, Seidu M Kwarteng, Prosper T Luri, Kennedy Ngaaso, David K D Ogudi, Collins Kyeremeh, Clement Sie-Broni, Saba Abdul-Hafiz, Daniel K Acquah, Shamsudeen M Adams, Mohammed S Alhassan, Munira Amadu, Samuel A Asirifi, Martin Awe, Millicent Azanlerigu, Mathias K Dery, Yenli Edwin, Abantanga Atindaana Francis, Aloysius Maalekuu, Hawa Malechi, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kareem Mumuni, Bernard A Ofori, Jonathan I K Quansah, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Anwar S Seidu, Shekira Yahaya, Emmanuel Kojo Acquah, Jaabir Alhassan, Christian L Coompson, Addo K Gyambibi, Ametepe Jeffery-Felix, Bismark E Kontor, Gifty Naah, Carmen Noufuentes, Abraham Sakyi, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Sanjeev Misra, Dharma R Poonia, Kirti K Rathod, Mahaveer S Rodha, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash C Soni, Vaibhav K Varsheney, Jeevan R Vishnoi, Deepak K Garnaik, Manoj J Lokavarapu, Rohit Ranjan, Rajkumar K Seenivasagam, Shanky Singh, Raunak Verma, Suzan John, Jeffery A Kalyanapu, Ananta Kutma, Sanish Philips, Arun K Gautham, Deepak S Singh, Eunice S Abraham, Chetana Chetana, Prashant Dummala, Chinta S Gold, Jurgen Jacob, Jeremiah N Joseph, Elizabeth N Kurien, Priya Mary, Arpit J Mathew, Amy E Mathew, Danita D Prakash, Ashwin Sukumar, Niyah Syam, Alisha Bhatt, Dhruva N Ghosh, Ankush Goyal, Monika A Hans, Jyoti Jyoti, Karan Kumar, Vivin Daniel Sam, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K Veetil, Rahul Williams, D Sreekar, Esther R Daniel, Smitha E Jacob, Mark R Jesudason, Pushplatha Kumari, Soosan Prasad, Srujan Sharma, Moonish V Sivakumar, Paul Trinity, Sudheer Kanchodu, K Leshiini, Sundeep S Saluja, Ashok K Attri, Ishan Bansal, Monika Gureh, Simran Kapoor, Harmanjot Kaur, Simrandeep Singh, Viju John, Nivesh Agrawal, Uttkarsh Kumar, S Abhishek, Vikram Sehrawat, Gaurav Thami, Stanley Mathew, P S Prabhu, P T Sundeep, Shiv Rajan, Mohit Singh, Abhilasha Tripathi, Philip V Alexander, A Vijay, Moloti Kichu* Ismavel, Carolin V Solomi, Rahul A Alpheus, Ashish Victor Choudhrie, Rashmi Jacob Gunny, Susan Joseph, Nitin J Peters, Neha Pundir, Ram Samujh, Hafsa I Ahmed, Gowhar Aziz, Nisar A Chowdri, Rayees A Dar, Robindera Kour, Imtiyaz Mantoo, Asif Mehraj, Fazl Q Parray, Najmus Saqib, Zamir A Shah, Rauf A Wani, Komal Rautela, Nishu Singh, Priyanka Chowdhury, Sona Chowdhury, Pragyanmai Nayak, Bipradas Roy, Andrea S Alvarez Villaseñor, Kriscia V Ascencio Díaz, Victor J Avalos Herrera, Francisco J Barbosa, Elyoenai Bonilla Ahumada, Irma V Brancaccio, Miguel A Calderón, Guadalupe Castillo Cardiel, Guillermo A Cervantes, Gabino Cervantes Guevara, Enrique Cervantes Perez, Maria Chávez, Jonathan M Chejfec, Luis R Cifuentes, Ana O Cortés, Edgar J Cortes, Tania A Cueto, Andrea E Cueto, Esteban Cueva Martinez, Paulina Domínguez Barradas, Isaac Esparza Estrada, Paola Flores Becerril, Luis A García, Benjamín García Reyna, Eduardo Gómez Sánchez, Jaime L González, Eduardo González Espinoza, Fanny Y González, Cristhian S Guerrero, José A Guzmán, Bertha G Guzmán, Mario J Guzmán, DanielA Hérnandez Alva, SilviaA Ibarra Camargo, JuanC Ibarrola Peña, Martin Islas Torres, Jorge Jiménez Tornero, ZayraM Lara Pérez, Roberto Mares País, MelP Mellado Tellez, RobertoC Miranda Ackerman, Damián Mora Santana, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Rodrigo Nájar Hinojosa, Cesar Nuño Escobar, Itzel Ochoa Rodríguez, Angelica Ortega Barreiro, Jacqueline Osuna Rubio, Luis RPacheco Vallejo, VíctorH Pérez Bocanegra, JoseV Pérez Navarro, Francisco JPlascencia Posada, MaríaA Quirarte Hernández, LuisR Ramirez Gonzalez, Emilio AReyes Elizalde, EveliaV Romo Ascencio, Cornelio Ruelas Bravo, CarlosB Ruiz Velasco, JoséA Sánchez Martínez, Guillermo Sanchez Villaseñor, JoséI Sandoval Pulido, AlejandroG Serrano García, LuisO Suárez Carreón, JuanJ Tijerina Ávila, JesusO Vega Gastelum, MelissaL Vicencio Ramirez, MariaF Zarate Casas, CarlosJ Zuloaga, Fernández del Valle, JesusAntonion Aguilar Mata, MiguelAntonio Calderon Vanegas, RocioGuadalupe Cano Arias, Carlos Colunga Tinajero, Fernanda Diaz Samano, Fernando Duque Zepeda, BrendaVanessa Enriquez Barajas, Gerardo Gallardo Banuelos, MarijoseDe CristoGonzalez Calvillo, Francisco Ibanez Ortiz, Maryzela Lazo Ramirez, Gerardo Lopez Arroyo, LauraOlivia Montano Angeles, DavidGiovannyI Morales Iriarte, AngeloFernando Mortola Lomeli, Jose EstebanOrozco Navarro, Jaime Orozco Perez, Damaris Orozco Ramirez, LauraGabriela Pena Baolboa, Jesus Pizarro Lozano, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Monica N Castillo, Ana CamilleG Dominguez, Dorihela H Mellado, Jesus FlavioM Morales, Luzdel CarmenM Namur, Jose AlbertoA Pesquera, LauraMartinez Perez Maldonado, Antonio RamosDe laMedina, Katya Bozada-Gutierrez, AnaFlorencia Casado-Zarate, Roberto Delano-Alonso, Jose Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo, Mario Trejo-Avila, Roland Kevin CethorthFonseca, Edgard Efren LozadaHernandez, Bruno Crocco Quiros, JairoArturo Rodriguez Ramirez, Gabriela Ambriz-González, MitziR Becerra Moscoso, Ishtar Cabrera-Lozano, AnaB Calderón-Alvarado, FranciscoJ León-Frutos, ErickE Villanueva-Martínez, Aisha Abdullahi, Maimuna Abubakar, MohammedS Aliyu, Mudi Awaisu, Fadimatu Bakari, Abigail Olajumoke Balogun, Ahmad Bello, Kehinde Michael Duromola, Stephen G Gana, Mukoro Duke George, Justina Gimba, Isaac Gundu, Lambert Onahi Iji, Aminat O Jimoh, Afolabi K Koledade, Ahmad T Lawal, Bilkisu K Lawal, Stanley Emeka Nwabuoku, Oluseyi O Ogunsua, Ifeanyi Fidelis Okafor, Ethos Ike Okorie, Nasir Oyelowo, Ibrahim A Saidu, Tunde T Sholadoye, Ibrahim Sufyan, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Aliyu Muhammad Tukur, Ahmad Shehu Umar, Aminatu M Umar, Hajara Umaru-Sule, Mohammed Usman, Alfa Yakubu, Salisu Abeku Yusuf, Abdulhafiz A Abdulkarim, Lawal Barau Abdullahi, Khadija A Ado, Nura U Aliyu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka Anyanwu, Sulaiman M Daneji, Mahmoud Kawu Magashi, Mohammad A Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Saminu S Muhammad, Bello Abodunde Muideen, Calistus U Nwachukwu, Suleiman B Sallau, Abdulrahman A Sheshe, Abdulmajeed Soladoye, Idris Usman Takai, Garzali I Umar, Abubakar Yahaya, Lubabatu Abdulrasheed, Joel A Adze, Lydia R Airede, Bashiru Aminu, Stephen B Bature, Firdaws Bello-Tukur, Damai Chinyio, SharonA N Duniya, Moses C Galadima, Babatunde K Hamza, Samaila Joshua, Stephen A Kache, Williams Y Kagomi, Ifeanyi A Kene, Jamila Lawal, Jerry G Makama, Caleb Mohammed, Amina A Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Deborah Nuwam, Abdulrasheed Sani, Salome Tabara, Mathew C Taingson, Emmanuel Usam, Josiah Yakubu, Folasade Adegoke, Oluwasuyi Ige, Tunde A Odunafolabi, Chukwuma E Okereke, Oluwafemi O Oladele, Oluwaseun H Olaleye, Oyetunde O Olubayo, Olukayode P Abiola, Henry O Abiyere, Idowu O Adebara, GbadeboT C Adeleye, Adebayo A Adeniyi, Olumide E Adewara, Olabisi T Adeyemo, Ademola A Adeyeye, Abimbola L Ariyibi, Babatunde S Awoyinka, Olumide M Ayankunle, Olakunle F Babalola, Adewumi Bakare, TajudeenI B Bakare, Oluseyi O Banjo, Peter A Egharevba, Oluwafemi S Fatudimu, John A Obateru, Oluremi J Odesanya, Owolabi D Ojo, Abiodun I Okunlola, Cecilia K Okunlola, Adewale T Olajide, Tesleem O Orewole, Adedayo I Salawu, Moruf A Abdulsalam, Aderinsola T Adelaja, Olalekan T Ajai, Noble Anyanwu, Kazeem M Atobatele, Oludayo Oluwaseyi Bakare, Omolara M Faboya, Francisca C Nwaenyi, Ayokunle A Ogunyemi, Mobolaji A Oludara, Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Chinonso U Onyeka, Olabode A Oshodi, Yusuf A Oshodi, Omotade S Salami, Omolara M Williams, Esther Abunimye, Adebunmi Adeoluwa, Adedotun Adesiyakan, Victoria Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye, Moses Vincent Agbulu, David O Akinboyewa, Iyabo O Alasi, Michael Amao, Christiana Ashley-Osuzoka, Oluwole A Atoyebi, Olanrewaju S Balogun, Maryam Oluwatobi Busari, Nnamdi Jonathan Duru, Glory Bassey Edet, Olumide A Elebute, Francis Chinonso Ezenwankwo, Adedeji L Fatuga, Christianah Gbenga-Oke, Emmanuel Sylvester Inyang, Adesola I Jimoh, Jubril Oladayo Kuku, OluwaseunA Ladipo-Ajayi, Abdulrazzaq O Lawal, Christian Chigoze Makwe, Chinelo Victoria Mgbemena, Samuel U Nwokocha, Moses Adebisi Ogunjimi, Ephraim Okwudiri Ohazurike, Rufus W Ojewola, Moyosoluwa Eunice Badedale, Chike J Okeke, Adeyemi A Okunowo, Abraham T Oladimeji, Thomas O Olajide, Olabisi Olanrewaju, Olawunmi Olayioye, Oluwaseun O Oluseye, Stephen Olutola, Kenneth Onyekachi, Adeola Ayoola Orowale, Emili Osariemen, Adedapo Olumide Osinowo, Emmanuel Owie, Christianah Bidemi Oyegbola, Justina OSeyi-Olajide, AdaiahP Soibi-Harry, Manuella Talla Timo, Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Ojo Williams, Innocent O Duruewuru, Ochonma A Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife, James J Emeka, Chimdiebele Daisy Nwosu, Sylvester O Obiechina, Ahuizechukwu E Obiesie, Celestine I Okafor, Theophilus O Okonoboh, Odili A Okoye, Onyekachi A Onu, Chukwudubem C Onyejiaka, Chisom Faith Uche, JosephO Ugboajah, Akeem A Adeleke, Akinfolarin C Adepiti, Adewale A Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz O Adesunkanmi, Adewale O Adisa, Samuel C Ajekwu, Olusegun K Ajenifuja, Olusegun I Alatise, Tajudeen A Badmus, Tajudeen O Mohammed, Abdulkadir A Salako, Oludayo A Sowande, Ademola O Talabi, Funmilola O Wuraola, Paul Aderemi Adegoke, Abidemi Akinloye, Ayodeji Akinniyi, Joseph Ejimogu, Ideyonbe Samuel Eseile, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Amos Okedare, Dare Isaac Olulana, Omolara Omotola, Francis Sanwo, Collins C Adumah, Adewale O Ajagbe, Olugbenga P Akintunde, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Kehinde Awodele, Amogu K Eziyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Abisola E Oyedele, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Habiba I Abdullahi, Nathaniel D Adewole, Teddy E Agida, Eunice E Ailunia, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Godwin O Akaba, Janet Alfred, Terkaa Atim, Kehinde G Bawa, John Y Chinda, Esther B Daluk, Sefiu B Eniola, Augusta O Ezenwa, Stephen E Garba, Philip M Mshelbwala, Ngozi O Ndukwe, Idoko P Ogolekwu, Alexander A Ohemu, Samuel A Sani, Salisu Suleiman, Helen Sunday, Nancy O Tabuanu, Aminu M Umar, Peter I Agbonrofo, Alexander I Arekhandia, Morrison E Edena, Raymond A Eghonghon, Joel E Enaholo, Genesis Ida, Stanley N Ideh, Oseihie I Iribhogbe, Omorodion O Irowa, Maradona E Isikhuemen, Oluwatomi R Odutola, Kester O Okoduwa, Scott O Omorogbe, David Oruade, Osasumwen T Osagie, Osarenkhoe Osemwegie, RukiyatA Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Gboyega Ajibola, Kelvin I Egbuchulem, Hyginus O Ekwuazi, Adegbolahan Fakoya, Oluwasegun C Idowu, David O Irabor, Taiwo A Lawal, Olakayode O Ogundoyin, Oluwabukade Ojediran, Naomi Olagunju, Akinsola T Sanusi, Augustine O Takure, Lukman Olajide Abdur-Rahman, Mary Oluwadamilola Adebisi, Nurudeen Abiola Adeleke, Rafiat Tinuola Afolabi, Isiaka Ishola Aremu, Jibril Oyekunle Bello, Robiat Bello, Saheed Abolade Lawal, Adeolu Ojajuni, Sabur Oyewale, Victor Abhulimen, Patrick O Igwe, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya Iweha, Raphael E John, Nnyonno Okoi, Philemon E Okoro, Vaduneme Kingsley Oriji, Ibiene T Oweredaba, Japhet Mizero, Immaculee Mutimamwiza, Francoise Nirere, Irenee Niyongombwa, Jean Paul Majyabere, Anastase Byaruhanga, Rongin Dukuzimana, Jean Aimable Habiyakare, Marie Gloriose Nabada, Marcel Uwizeye, Mathias Ruhosha, Joselyne Igiraneza, Faustine Ingabire, Aloys Karekezi, Jean pierre Masengesho, Lydia Mukamazera, Clemence Mukangabo, Jean Paul Niyomuremyi, Gabriel Ntwari, Celestin Seneza, Divine Umuhoza, Pierrine Nyirangeri, Jean Claude Uwimana, Isaie Sibomana, Desire Rubanguka, Josine Umuhoza, Roda Uwayezu, Leoncie Uzikwambara, Herbert Butana, Moise Dusabeyezu, Athanasie Mukasine, Jean N Utumatwishima, Mediatrice Batangana, Jeande Dieu Haragirimana, AllenJ C Ingabire, Espoir Mwungura, Dancilla Nyirasebura, Christian Jean Urimubabo, Anaclet Dusabimana, Sam Kanyesigye, Robert Munyaneza, Jean Yves Shyirakera, Aimee Domingo, Philip Munda, Chido Nyatsambo, Victor Ojo, Rudo Pswarayi, and Soeren Laurberg

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published
2024
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46. Advancements in adsorption and photodegradation technologies for Rhodamine B dye wastewater treatment: fundamentals, applications, and future directions

Author

Peter Olusakin Oladoye, Mohammed Kadhom, Idrees Khan, Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz, and Yakubu Adekunle Alli

Subjects
Rhodamine B, Wastewater treatment, Photodegradation, Column adsorption, Dye removal, Advanced oxidation processes, Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Organic dye pollutants present in wastewater pose a significant global challenge. Among pollutants, the synthetic dye Rhodamine B (RB) stands out due to its non-biodegradable nature and associated neurotoxic, carcinogenic, and respiratory irritant properties. Extensive research has been conducted on the efficacy of adsorption and photodegradation techniques for the removal of RB from wastewater. While adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained considerable attention for their effectiveness in recent years, the underlying behaviors and mechanisms of these technologies remain incompletely understood. Therefore, a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in this domain is imperative to clarify the basics and present the up-to-date achievements.This review provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamentals, advancements, and future trajectories of RB wastewater treatment technologies, mainly encompassing adsorption and photodegradation. This work starts with a general introduction of outlining the sources, toxicity, and diverse applicable removal strategies. Subsequently, it thoroughly examines crucial techniques within non-photochemical, photochemical, and adsorption technologies, such as UV light assisted AOP, catalyst assisted AOP, ozonation, Fenton system, electrochemical AOP, and adsorption technology. The primary objective is to furnish a broad overview of these techniques, elucidating their effectiveness, limitations, and applicability. Following this, the review encapsulates state-of-the-art computational simulations pertaining to RB adsorption and interactions with clays and other adsorbents. Lastly, it delves into column adsorption of RB dye, and elucidates various influencing factors, including bed height, feed concentration, pollutant (RB) feeding or flow rate, and column regeneration. This panoramic review aims to provide valuable insights into suitable techniques, research gaps, and the applicability of non-photochemical, photochemical, and adsorption technologies in the treatment of wastewater containing RB dye.

Published
2024
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49. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Lassa virus infection in South-West and North-Central Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study

Author

Tiamiyu, Abdulwasiu B., Adegbite, Olutunde A., Freides, Olivia, Frndak, Seth, Mohammed, Samirah Sani, Broach, Erica, Lombardi, Kara, Anyebe, Victor, Akiga, Roseline, Okeke, Ndubuisi C., Feyisayo, Jegede E., Ugwuezumba, Oscar, Akinde, Cassandra, Osuji, Anthonia, Agu, Norah, Analogbei, Tope, Ekweremadu, Chinelo, Bartolanzo, Danielle, Prins, Petra, Fan, Ying, Emekaili, Doris, Abah, Felicia, Chiwetelu, Vincent, Dike, Paul, Isaiah, Esther, Ayogu, Miriam, Ogunkelu, Eunice, Agbaim, Uzoamaka C., Bukunmi, Adelekun, Adamu, Yakubu, Mebrahtu, Tsedal, Zuppe, Anastasia, Johnston, Matthew, Modjarrad, Kayvon, Meri, Helina, Parker, Zahra, Akinwale, Edward, McCauley, Melanie D., Schluck, Glenna, King, David B., Eller, Leigh Anne, Okeji, Nathan, Ayemoba, Ojor R., Collins, Natalie D., Iroezindu, Michael O., and Hakre, Shilpa

Published
2024
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50. Research priorities to strengthen environmental cleaning in healthcare facilities: the CLEAN Group Consensus

Author

Gon, Giorgia, Dramowski, Angela, Hornsey, Emilio, Graham, Wendy, Fardousi, Nasser, Aiken, Alexander, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Anderson, Darcy, Bartram, James, Bhattacharya, Sanjay, Brogan, John, Caluwaerts, An, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Damani, Nizam, Dancer, Stephanie, Deeves, Miranda, Denny, Lindsay, Feasey, Nicholas, Hall, Lisa, Hopman, Joost, Chettry, Laxman Kharal, Kiernan, Martin, Kilpatrick, Claire, Mehtar, Shaheen, Moe, Christine, Nurse-Findlay, Stephen, Ogunsola, Folasade, Okwor, Tochi, Pascual, Bruno, Patrick, Molly, Pearse, Oliver, Peters, Alexandra, Pittet, Didier, Storr, Julie, Tomczyk, Sara, Weiser, Thomas G., and Yakubu, Habib

Published
2024
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