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The article deals with the consideration of the most important modern achievements of information technologies. The author of the article makes an attempt to generalize the material concerning the history of creation, the principle of operation and the value of modern information technologies used in various spheres of human life. The article reveals the feasibility of using information technologies. In the end, the author concludes that a person is dependent on modern discoveries in the field of information technology, the patterns of further automation of human activity, and the priority of digital technologies in human life., Статья посвящена рассмотрению одной из социальных проблем современности – загрязнению окружающей среды. Данная проблема рассматривается автором, с одной стороны, как социальная проблема, с другой стороны, как экологическая. В статье анализируются основные виды и источники загрязнения экосистемы Земли. Раскрывая антропогенный характер данной проблемы, автор видит ее решение в изменении отношения общества к экосистеме Земли и росте его экологического сознания.

This article discusses the processes of knowledge generation in the enterprises of the military-industrial sector that are the leaders of innovation in the region. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology based on using the resource potential to improve the efficiency of knowledge generation in the instrument-making enterprises of the military-industrial sector. The authors conducted a system analysis of knowledge generation in one of the enterprises of the military-industrial sector that led to the conclusion on the chaotic character of knowledge generation in such enterprises and its insufficient provision with institutions. The authors proposed a method for designing a knowledge generation system in the enterprises of the regional military-industrial sector by taking into account the means and capabilities of the enterprise in the implementation of intellectual activities. The developed method is based on defining the horizontal resource potential of knowledge generation and allows to determine the potential use of resources at each stage of the product lifecycle. The comparison of actual and theoretical values of horizontal resource potential will allow to adjust the allocation of share held by each of the resources within the stage, and thereby optimize the implementation of tasks at a particular stage. The proposed tools were tested in 2015 in one of the enterprises of the regional military-industrial sector. The methodological tools used in this study include such methods as the expert assessment, mathematical statistics and institutional analysis. The proposed methodology and empirical results have been used as a basis to develop the institutional spiral of knowledge generation during the performance of state order in the enterprises of the military-industrial sector, the implementation of which will help to reduce the level of uncertainty throughout the entire lifecycle of innovative product. The developed institutional spiral of knowledge gener

Цель работы – анализ научной результативности университетов на основе методологии институциональной экономической теории. В ходе исследования применялись методы системного, логического и экономического анализа, при обработке эмпирической информации использовались методы статистического анализа, корреляционного анализа. В результате исследования были идентифицированы институты научной результативности университета, предложены критерии эффективности этих институтов. Университеты Уральского федерального округа были сгруппированы по параметрам качества институтов научной результативности., The work purpose – the analysis of scientific productivity of universities on the basis of methodologies of the institutional economics. During research methods of the system, logical and economic analysis were applied, when processing empirical information methods of the statistical analysis, correlation analysis were used. As a result of research institutions for scientific productivity of university were identified, criteria of efficiency of these institutions are offered. Universities of Ural federal district were grouped in parameters of quality of institutions of scientific productivity (including to existence of effective institutions, institutional traps, institutional dysfunctions). Some dependences between efficiency of institutions of scientific productivity and sources of financing are revealed.

The article is devoted to the processes of knowledge generation at the enterprises of military-industrial complex, which are the leaders of the regional innovative activity. The target of the research is to develop the methodology based on the use of resource application potential for increasing the efficiency of knowledge generation at the instrument-making enterprises of military-industrial complex. The system analysis of the knowledge generation processes is conducted at one of them. It allows to draw a conclusion that such enterprises have a lack of the institutes of knowledge generation processes. The authors are offered a technique of the development of the knowledge generation system at the military-industrial entrprises based on the accounting of assets and opportunities of the enterprise in the realization of intellectual activity. The developed technique is based on the determination of the horizontal resource potential of knowledge generation and allows to determine the potential of resource application at each stage of product life cycle. The comparison of the actual and theoretical values of horizontal resource potential allows to correct the distribution of a share of each of resources within a stage, and therefore, to optimize the realization of tasks at a specific stage. The offered tools were implemented in 2015 at one of the regional military-industrial enterprises. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of expert assessment, mathematical statistics and the institutional analysis. On the basis of the offered technique and received empirical results, the institutional spiral of knowledge generation during the fiiling of state order at the military-industrial enterprise is developed. Its implementation will promote the decrease in the level of uncertainty during the whole life cycle of innovative activity product. The developed institutional spiral of knowledge generation at instrument-making military-industrial enterprises assu, Проведен системный анализ процессов генерации знаний на предприятии оборонно-промышленного комплекса. Исследованы функциональные элементы интегрированной методики расчета ресурсного потенциала предприятия. Рассмотрена спираль генерации знаний при выполнении госзаказа. Представлены этапы жизненного цикла изделия.