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This study investigates the physiological and genetic diversity of Allorhizobium vitis strains in Morocco, focusing on their ability to produce and utilize opines as sources of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF) and specific PCR assays, we identified and characterized opines in tumors induced in tomato plants by Moroccan strains of A. vitis. All strains showed the rare octopine/vitopine combination. Chromatographic analysis and molecular validation revealed metabolic and genetic uniformity in opine catabolism among the strains. These results suggest a homogeneity of octopine/vitopine tumour-inducing plasmids (pTi), which contribute to the uniformity of opine-related genes. This comprehensive approach provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of opine utilization and bacterial virulence, suggesting that targeting specific pathways or key virulence genes may be a strategy to control crown gall disease.

Soil salinity significantly impacts crop productivity. In response, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer an innovative and eco-friendly solution to mitigate salinity stress. However, research on PGPR’s effects on crop physiology under varying salinity levels is still emerging. This study evaluates the impact of five bacterial strains, isolated from compost, on the growth of maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants under different levels of salt stress. This study involved treating maize and tomato seeds with five bacterial strains, and then planting them in a greenhouse under varying salt stress conditions (43 mM, 86 mM, 172 mM, 207 mM NaCl) using a Randomized Complete Block Design. Results showed that bacterial inoculation improved plant growth under saline conditions. S2015-1, S2026-2, and S2027-2 (Bacillus cereus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus subtilis) were particularly effective in promoting plant growth under salt stress, especially at ionic concentrations of 43 mM and 86 mM, leading to a substantial increase in fresh and dry weight, with strain S2015-1 boosting chlorophyll by 29% at 86 mM in both crops. These results highlight the potential of PGPR to enhance crop resilience and productivity under salinity stress, promoting climate-smart agricultural practices.

Chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor, with spinal involvement being rare. Diagnosing this condition can be challenging and typically requires histological verification. Chondrosarcoma has the potential to invade locally and spread systemically. We report the case of 32 year-old women presenting with back pain and weight loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a bone growth at the low cervical spine which extends to the upper dorsal spine. Histological examination showed low-grade chondrosarcoma. Given the tumor proximity to the spinal cord, an incomplete surgical excision was performed followed by radiotherapy sessions. Clinical course was marked by partial regression of the tumor process with a stability of the radiological image of the tumor after a three years follow-up. Our case is original because of the bifocality of the chondrosarcoma in two adjacent segments of the spine.

Introduction. The stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disease whose incidence is estimated at approximately 1 in a million individuals in the general population. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, immunological, and electromyographic items. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with the idiopathic SPS, initially misdiagnosed as focal paravertebral myositis. Case presentation. A 36-year-old patient was referred to us for the investigation of subacute dorsal myalgias. The patient reported a severe torticollis seven months ago, which resolved spontaneously after one month, and some episodes of back stiffness. On examination, the patient was afebrile, had hyperlordosis with a paravertebral contracture and tenderness. Neurological and cognitive examinations were normal. C-reactive Protein was at 137 mg/l. The rest of laboratory investigations, including creatine phosphokinase (CPK), were within normal range. Spinal MRI revealed T2 hyperintensity in the semispinalis muscle, erector spinae muscle, trapezius muscle, as well as the intervertebral muscles. Therefore, focal paravertebral myositis was suspected. The electromyogram (EMG) revealed the presence of a continuous motor unit activity in agonist and antagonist muscles, suggestive of stiff-person syndrome. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and onconeuronal antibodies were negative. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid, including anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 test, was normal. We noticed that the paravertebral contracture became less noticeable when the patient was commenced on diazepam. Diagnosis of SPS was established according to Dalakas criteria. Investigations for an underlying neoplasm, were normal. Associated autoimmune disorders have been ruled out. The MRI description was rather explained by the continuous contraction of the affected muscles. Treatment included diazepam, baclofen, intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids. The patient showed important signs of improvement. Conclusion. SPS is a rare condition whose diagnosis can be delayed. Recognizing and managing SPS as early as possible is crucial. It is based on clinical reasoning, imaging, biological features and EMG.

Introduction. Polyautoimmunity refers to the phenomenon where an individual is affected by multiple autoimmune diseases simultaneously. This condition underscores the complexity of autoimmune disorders and their interconnected nature, often resulting from shared genetic predispositions and overlapping immunological mechanisms. In this report, we present a case that exemplifies the coexistence of myasthenia gravis, scleroderma, and anti-synthetase syndrome in a female patient. The combination of these three distinct autoimmune conditions highlights the challenges faced by clinicians in diagnosis and management. We herein report a case that illustrates the coexistence of myasthenia, scleroderma and anti-synthetase syndrome in a female patient. Case description. A 45-year-old female patient was referred for systemic sclerosis, without respiratory or muscular involvement. Two years later, she presented with dyspnea and muscle fatigue. She had mechanic’s hands and bilateral symmetric proximal muscle weakness. Laboratory investigations revealed CK levels at 995 IU/L and positive anti-PL7 antibodies. Thoracic CT showed diffuse interstitial lung disease. Spirometry demonstrated a restrictive lung disease. The electroneuromyogram (ENMG) showed a myopathic pattern. Diagnosis of anti-synthetase syndrome was established. Treatment was initiated with monthly cyclophosphamide infusions. Seven months later, she presented with left ptosis and worsening dyspnea and muscle fatigue. An intravenous immunoglobulin infusion was administered, than the patient was commenced on mycophenolate mofetil. She showed a slight improvement, than she developed dysphagia. Brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid were normal. Onconeuronal antibodies were negative. The ENMG did not reveal any decrement, but the acetylcholine receptor antibody level was positive at 1.12 nmol/L. Consequently, with the presence of ptosis, dysphonia and dysphagia, the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was established. Imaging did not reveal a thymoma. A favorable therapeutic response was achieved with intravenous immunoglobulins and pyridostigmine. Conclusions. Patients with autoimmune diseases necessitate meticulous management and monitoring because they are at risk for developing multiple immune-mediated disorders, either simultaneously or in succession over the course of their illness. This phenomenon, known as polyautoimmunity, can complicate the clinical picture, as overlapping symptoms and disease manifestations may make diagnosis challenging.

The elaboration of a new family of tetrapodal molecules L1–L3 bearing two pyrazole–tetrazole units is presented. The structure assigned to such molecules was verified by various techniques, including FTIR, NMR, HRMS and elemental analysis. The ability of these tetrapods to inhibit the growth of four fungal strains was examined, and the obtained results showed that they have some antifungal potency in the range of 12–16 mm. The alpha-amylase inhibition activity of these molecules was also evaluated. The obtained IC50 values (1.34 × 10−1–1.2 × 10−2 mg/mL) demonstrated that all compounds are potent enough to inhibit this enzyme much better than the positive control acarbose (2.6 × 10−1 mg/mL). A docking study on the porcine alpha-amylase was performed, and the results were in good correlation with the experimental results.

This article discusses the challenges involved in diagnosing faults in renewable energy systems. A significant challenge is the high computational demands of the artificial intelligence algorithms needed for grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) and wind energy conversion (WEC) systems in fault diagnosis. To address this issue, several methods are proposed to reduce computation time, minimize memory requirements, and improve efficiency. First, optimization algorithms such as the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), combined with machine learning classifiers for feature selection, are suggested to reduce computational time and memory space requirements. This approach notably decreases computation time but has a limited impact on memory space. Secondly, further reduction in memory space requirements is recommended by using the variogram method for data reduction. This method can leverage the outputs of preceding algorithms to optimize renewable energy systems, making their operations cost-effective and efficient. Finally, the outputs of the variogram are used to train neural network (NN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) classifiers to differentiate between various modes of operation in GCPV and WEC systems. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods, showing that memory space can be reduced by 1.3 to 5.6 times and CPU time by 1.1 to 11 times while maintaining accuracy and improving efficiency compared to conventional algorithms.

Abstract. From the 70s and 80s, several political science works have focused on the way in which actors interact with institutions and how they act through their capacities on the environment. To explain the change institutional, neo-institutional theory (NIT) has integrated this agentic turn thanks to some of his works from the thirty latest years. Our manuscript aimed to explore the capacity action of twelve founders of the Union Independent of Nurses and Health Technicians (SIITS) on their environments, with a view to mobilizing in favor of the constraints linked to its institutionalization, constraining their participation in elections of administrative joint administrative committees (CAP) organized in 2021. Semi- structured interviews carried out between 2023 and 2024 identified an ability action strategic in a neo-corporatist field structure conflictual, marked by the domination of unions inter-categorical opposing the introduction of a category of actor, proclaiming the representation of nursing interests. Faced with this complexity institutional, the founders of SIIITS considered as institutional entrepreneurs used their skills and roles social to establish an institutional DIY the day before the 2021 elections between the first union autonomous nurses, inactive since its creation in 2007 and their unauthorized union after its creation in 2020.

AbstractIn recent years, some localities in Tunisia that are among the most amenable to agritourism have focused on the development of agritourism houses with a focus on rural women through agritourism entrepreneurial training. In this regard, the current study examines the influential determinants of entrepreneurial behavior using an agritourism method with rural Tunisian women. 167 of the study’s 235 rural Tunisian women participants were chosen using the Cochran algorithm. The findings suggest that rural women will have a strong desire to establish agritourism residence through a gradual process of changing norms towards the acceptance of rural women entrepreneurs as well as the acceptance of agritourism culture through the establishment of local and regional institutions and organizations in a context of family support with strong bonds of commitment, solidarity, environmental, and infrastructural foundations.

Table olives, a vital category among fermented vegetables, come in treated and natural forms. Treated green olives require an alkaline treatment before brining to start fermentation. This study investigates the fermentation of unsalted Moroccan Picholine green olives using a method that includes heat shock treatment, inoculation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S61, and orange peel juice. The findings indicate that a heat shock at 70°C significantly reduces enterobacteria and enhances acidification, dropping pH levels from 5.0 to 3.6. In contrast, non-heat-treated olives showed only a slight pH decrease. The method also exhibited high antimicrobial activity, with substantial inhibition of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus. Antifungal activity was noted, with significant inhibition of various strains. These results suggest that combining heat shock, L. plantarum S61, and orange peel juice can significantly improve the fermentation process of green olives, enhancing safety and quality.

- In a world where industrial mechatronic systems evolve from day to day, the intensity of these requirements influences the maximization of efficiency, the optimization of the safety of the working environment including human and the increase of the quality of services. This is why industrial computing is becoming a necessity for manufacturers and even researchers working on innovative and creative subjects.This paper deals with the analysis and the modeling of a flexible manufacturing system. Firstly, the study of the system engineeringthen the composition of the studied system was presented. Second, we present an application of a modeling based on Petri Nets.Finally, the last present conclusion and future work.

The Mw 6.8 Adassil earthquake that occurred in the High Atlas on September 8, 2023, was a catastrophic event that provided a rare opportunity to study the mechanics of deep crustal seismicity. This research aimed to decipher the rupture characteristics of the Adassil earthquake by analyzing teleseismic waveform data in conjunction with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations from both ascending and descending orbits. Our analysis revealed a reverse fault mechanism with a centroid depth of approximately 28 km, exceeding the typical range for crustal earthquakes. This result suggests the presence of cooler temperatures in the lower crust, which facilitates the accumulation of tectonic stress. The earthquake exhibited a steep reverse mechanism, dipping at 70°, accompanied by minor strike-slip motion. Within the geotectonic framework of the High Atlas, known for its volcanic legacy and resulting thermal irregularities, we investigated the potential contributions of these factors to the initiation of the Adassil earthquake. Deep seismicity within the lower crust, away from plate boundaries, calls for extensive research to elucidate its implications for regional seismic hazard assessment. Our findings highlight the critical importance of studying and preparing for significant seismic events in similar geological settings, which would provide valuable insights into regional seismic hazard assessments and geodynamic paradigms.

In Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), a Certificateless Aggregate Signature (CLAS) scheme with a conditional anonymity authentication meets both anonymity and security requirements. This scheme enables a roadside unit to aggregate multiple signatures during Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications and send the aggregate signature to other RSUs and a traffic control center. However, according to Girault's classification of trust levels (TLs) [1], the existing CLAS schemes only achieve TL 2. At this level, a malicious Trusted Authority (TA) or vehicle can impersonate a legitimate vehicle by launching a public key replacement attack during the authentication process. Consequently, the existing research does not provide strong non-repudiation, as it cannot be proven whether the authority or the vehicle has replaced the original public key. In this study, a new CLAS scheme is designed that achieves TL 3 using asymmetric pairing with a type-2 sitting and the hashing technique of Al-Riyami and Paterson [2]. The results demonstrate that the proposed CLAS scheme offers strong non-repudiation and effectively prevents a public key replacement attack. A security proof is carried out and demonstrates that our scheme achieves Existential Unforgeability under Chosen Message Attack (EUF-CMA) security in the random oracle. Furthermore, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes and allows to save communication bandwidth during V2I communications in VANET [3].