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Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections between pulmonary arteries and veins, often associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Most PAVMs are asymptomatic, but life-threatening complications like pulmonary hemorrhage, brain abscesses, and paradoxical emboli can emerge, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. We report a case of sudden pediatric death in a two-year-old female with no past medical history. Initial vomiting and fast deterioration resulted in a sudden cardiac arrest. The postmortem examination found histological evidence of consistent, extensive lung damage. The absence of the characteristic symptoms made for some challenges when it came to diagnosis, showing precisely that in early life, you could well have many difficulties in catching PAVMs. This case highlights the need to take PAVMs into account as a potential cause of sudden death, particularly when there are no conspicuous symptoms. Awareness among forensic pathologists and consideration of genetic analysis for HHT in such cases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Infectious bronchitis is an acute respiratory disease of poultry associated with reduced egg production and heavy economic losses in chicken flocks. Rabid and accurate detection of IB virus (IBV) is essential for controlling and preventing the infection. In this study, we developed a rapid, accurate, and instrument less assay to detect IBV. For the first time, reverse transcription- Recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) coupled with CRISPR/Cas13 (SHERLOCK) was used to rapidly visualize IBV. The novel assay was tested in timing, sensitivity, and specificity. The spike gene (S gene) was used as a target gene for detecting the virus. Three samples were used to optimize the assay; sample form confirmed infected chickens with IB, positive sample (full synthesis of S gene), and negative sample from free IB infected chickens. The results show that the Sherlock-based Cas13 platform is a highly specificity and sensitivity assay for detecting infectious bronchitis virus. The assay detected ten copies per µL of the input RNA. No false positives or cross-reactions were seen when bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used instead of IBV in the tested sample. Readout of the results needs just fifty minutes, including RNA extraction. Furthermore, No instrument was used, and amplification of the virus's nucleic acid was performed at room temperature. Sherlock-based Cas13 should clinically use for rapid diagnosis of infectious bronchitis in chickens. However, further studies and experiments are needed to perform the assay at the sample base without extraction of RNA.

الملخص: داء الشعيات البطني، أحد أسباب اضطرابات اللفائفي الأعوري، وعادة ما يتم التفكير فيه عند استبعاد الحالات السريرية الأخرى الأكثر شيوعا. داء الشعيات هو اضطراب جرثومي نادر ينجم عن أنواع الإكتينوميسات. نقدم جنديًا سعوديًا يبلغ من العمر ٣٨ عاما تعرض لألم في الحفرة الحرقفية اليمنى لأربعة أيام. بدأ هذا الألم على شكل طعن تدريجيا. بناء على الفحص السريري للمريض والموجات فوق الصوتية للبطن، تم إجراء عملية استئصال الزائدة الدودية. وأظهر الفحص النسيجي داء الشعيات الزائدي مع تضخم اللمفاوية، واحتقان المصلية والبكتيريا الخيطية في تجويف الزائدة الدودية. تم علاج المريض بالأموكسيسيلين. وأظهرت الأشعة المقطعية مع الصبغة للبطن، وأظهر التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي ارتفاع سماكة جدار الأعور ٤.٣ × ٢.٩ سم. خضع المريض أخيرا لاستئصال اللفائفي الأعوري بمساعدة التنظير مع مفاغرة اللفائفي القولوني. أظهر التقرير النسيجي مواد غذائية متكلسة في الرتج مع التهاب مزمن دون داء الشعيات التي كان يمكن علاجها والقضاء عليها من خلال العلاج بالمضادات الحيوية السابقة. Abstract: Abdominal actinomycosis, one of the causes of ileocaecal disorders, is usually considered when other more common clinical conditions have been excluded. Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disorder caused by the Actinomyces species. We present the case of a 38-year male Saudi soldier who presented with pain in the right iliac fossa since 4 days prior to presentation. This stabbing pain started gradually. Based on clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound findings, an appendectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed appendicular actinomycosis with lymphoid hyperplasia, serosa congestion, and filamentous bacteria in the appendicular lumen. The patient was treated with amoxicillin. During follow-up, contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 4.3 × 2.9 cm thickened caecal wall. Thereafter, the patient underwent laparoscope-assisted ileocaecal resection with ileocolic anastomosis. The histological report revealed calcified food material in the diverticulum, with chronic inflammation without actinomycosis, which may have been eradicated by the previous antibiotic treatment. الكلمات المفتاحية: البطن الحاد, وجع بطن, داء الشعيات, استئصال الزائدة الدودية, استئصال اللفائفية, Keywords: Acute abdomen, Abdominal pain, Actinomycosis, Appendectomy, Caecum actinomycosis, Ileocaecal resection

Anaplasma spp. are widely spread rickettsial bacteria transmitted by ticks and placing high impacts on veterinary and public health. A limited number of studies have been carried out on Anaplasmosis in the central part of Iraq. This study was conducted to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp. in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq. A total of 400 blood specimens were collected from cattle suffering from heavy tick infestation. Cattle were blood-sampled from four hyperendemic areas with ticks. Blood samples were screened using microscopic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Diff-quick stained blood smears revealed Anaplasma-like inclusion bodies in 254 (63.5%) samples. According to the 16S rRNA-gene-based PCR analysis, Anaplasma spp. was detected in 124 of the 400 (31%) samples, divided as 96/254 (37.8%) among the microscopical positive samples and 28/146 (19.17%) among the microscopical negative samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ten-PCR positive samples were 99–97% identical to sequences deposited in the GenBank, revealing presence of A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale and unnamed Anaplasma spp. in 40%, 20%, and 40% samples, respectively. Relationships among Anaplasma spp. infections and cattle breed, age, and sex were analyzed. Calves less than one year old showed significantly higher rates (p

Anaplasma ovis is a one of an important group of the tick-borne pathogen and an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium, which infects sheep and goats as well as wild ruminants. The phylogenetic study of A. ovis in small ruminants has not studied yet in Iraq. In this study, the presence of A. ovis was investigated in a total of 80 (40 sheep and 40 goats) obtained from 16 randomly selected small ruminants flocks in AL-Qadisiyah in Iraq. All blood samples tested microscopically, firstly by Diff-quick stained blood smear for the detection of intraerythrocytic pathogens. Total DNA was extracted from a sample and submitted to PCR based on fragment amplified of 16S rRNA gene followed nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Six out of 80 samples, (10%) from sheep and (5%) from goats gave positive results. The results of nucleotides sequencing and multiple alignments revealed related Iraqi isolates had a high identity (99.70% - 97.21%) with isolates of other countries, the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Iraqi isolates of A. ovis fell one clade near to Russian and Sweden strains and shared 99.7 %-98.36 % with them. In conclusions: this work indicates to detect A. ovis at a low rate in sheep and goat in Iraq and it had a high genetic similarity to world strains.