Search

Nagari Sungai Abang merupakan salah satu wilayah di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung yang menjadi salah satu sentra produksi padi di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Salah satu kelompok tani yang menanam padi secara intensif adalah kelompok Usaha Tani. Permasalahan pada kelompok tani adalah ketidaktahuan mereka terhadap manfaat jerami sebagai sumber bahan organik dalam tanah. Proses pembuatan kompos yang lama, sehingga petani selalu membakar jerami padi setelah panen sebagai persiapan untuk penanaman musim berikutnya. Jika pembakaran jerami dilakukan terus menerus, dikhawatirkan akan terjadi defisiensi unsur hara dalam tanah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memperdayakan kelompok Usaha Tani di Nagari Sungai Abang Kecamatan Lubuk Alung untuk memanfaatkan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) sebagai bioaktivator dalam pembuatan kompos jerami sebagai pupuk organik dan salah satu alternatif mengatasi persoalan limbah jerami di Nagari Sungai Abang, Lubuk Alung. Kegiatan ini telah dilaksanakan di Kelompok Tani Usaha Tani di Sungai Abang Dalam Nagari Sungai Abang Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, penyuluhan dan pelatihan dalam bentuk demonstrasi pembuatan suspensi PGPR, dan pembuatan kompos dari jerami. Dari kegiatan yang telah di lakukan diperoleh PGPR siap pakai sebagai bioaktivator yang diperbanyak dalam media air kelapa, dan dijadikan sebagai bioaktivator untuk mempercepat proses pembuatan kompos. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pemahaman petani terhadap manfaat jerami sebagai bahan baku kompos dan pemanfaatan PGPR sebagai bioaktivator dalam pembuatan kompos jerami.

Abstract Background Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a major disease in chili plants that is difficult to control. Actinobacteria have potential biological control agents for C. capsici because of their antifungal properties and dominant presence in soil. The study aimed to obtain actinobacteria isolates that have the potential to control anthracnose in planta and increase the growth and production of chili plants. The study consisted of three stages: isolation, selection, and characterization of the best actinobacteria isolates. A total of 20 isolates of indigenous actinobacteria were isolated, and 16 isolates were successfully selected based on the results of the biosafety test. Results The in planta test showed that eight isolates could control anthracnose with 100% effectiveness. Of the eight isolates, as many as five players increased the production of chili plants by 169.51–218.53 g. Actinobacterial isolates that have the potential to control anthracnose disease in planta and increase the growth and production of chili plants are ARAI 3221, ARAC 3221, ARAC 2211, ARAC 3321, and ARTI 1312. These isolates produced indole acetic acid (IAA) with concentrations of 25.82–88.87 ppm, and four isolates were able to dissolve phosphate. Five isolates produced chitinase enzyme with the chitinolytic index of 0.32–1.78. Conclusion The introduction of actinobacteria in chili plants was also proven to extend the incubation period, reduce the incidence of disease, and reduce the severity of anthracnose disease compared to negative controls and mancozeb. Actinobacteria can suppress pathogenic microorganisms that can inhibit plant growth. Actinobacteria have the potential to increase the growth and production of chili plants. The results of 16S rRNA sequences showed that the five potential isolates were identified as Streptomyces cellulose, S. fradiae, S. olivaceus, S. pseudogriseolus , and S. griseoflavus.

Biological control using parasitoids should be carried out to reduce the population of Brontispa longissima without pesticides. Tetrastichus brontispae is a larva-pupa parasitoid and is a gregarious parasitoid. Many factors can influence the biology of the parasitoid, which consists of biotic and abiotic factors. The existence of a host is one of the biotic factors that influence the life of parasitoids. The aim of the study was to study various biological parameters of the T. brontispae parasitoid which included the shape, size, color and length of each egg, larva, pupa, and imago stages as well as personality, sex ratio and number of hosts parasitized by female T. brontispae imago. The research was carried out in the form of an experiment using a completely randomized design. Experiments for biological observations of female T. brontispae parasitoids consisted of 4 treatments and 10 replications. The period of development, offspring, and sex ratio of the parasitoid Tetrastichus brontispae were studied using young pupa Brontispa longissima as hosts. Maintenance is carried out by inserting the parasitized larvae or pupa into the test tube provided. T. brontispae is a gregarious endoparasitoid. The development period from egg to imago is 18.95 ± 0.75 days. The length of life of the imago was significantly different between females (9.7 ± 0.51 days) and males (4.5 ± 0.52 days)—honey in increasing lifespan and enhancing T. brontispae offspring. The offspring of a female is 17.50 ± 1.08, with a female proportion of 60.12%. Imago T. brontispae fed honey had a longer and higher actual life span than without honey. Apart from the honey feed, the presence of a host can also affect T. brontispae.

Sclerotium rolfsii merupakan patogen tular tanah yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 75% pada tanaman cabai. Alternatif pengendalian ramah lingkungan bisa menggunakan agens hayati yaitu konsorsium bakteri endofit Bacillus spp. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan konsorsium Bacillus spp. terbaik untuk pengendalian rebah kecambah dan busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan S. rolfsii pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian berupa eksperimen secara in vivo menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu : konsorsium A (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB), konsorsium B (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB), konsorsium C (B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB), konsorsium D (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB + B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB), Kontrol positif (tidak diberi S. rolfsii dan Bacillus spp.), Kontrol negatif (diinokulasikan S. rolfsii dan tidak diberi Bacillus spp.) dan Kontrol pembanding (fungisida Mankozeb). Peubah yang diamati yaitu perkembangan penyakit rebah kecambah dan busuk pangkal batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsorsium AGBE 2.1 TL+ SLBE 2.3 BB, konsorsium AGBE2.1 TL + SLBE1.1 BB dan konsorsium AGBE2.1 TL + SLBE1.1 BB + SLBE2.3 BB memiliki efektivitas 100% dalam mengendalikan penyakit rebah kecambah dan busuk pangkal batang. ABSTRACT Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne pathogen that can reduce yields up to 75% in chili plants. An alternative for environmentally friendly control can use biological agents, namely a consortium of endophytic bacteria Bacillus spp. The aim of the study was to obtain a consortium of Bacillus spp. best for controlling of damping off and stem rot caused by S. rolfsii in chili plants. The study was an in vivo experiment using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications: consortium A (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB), consortium B (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB), consortium C (B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB), consortium D (B. toyonensis AGBE2.1 TL + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB + B. thuringiensis SLBE2.3 BB), positive control (no S. rolfsii and Bacillus spp.), negative control (inoculated with S. rolfsii and no Bacillus spp.) and comparison control (Mankozeb fungicide). The results obtained that the consortium AGBE 2.1 TL+ SLBE 2.3 BB, the consortium AGBE2.1 TL + SLBE1 .1 BB and consortium AGBE2.1 TL + SLBE2.3 BB + B. cereus SLBE1.1 BB were 100% effective in suppressing developmental disease of damping off and stem rot caused by S. rolfsii.

Due to its high economic worth and ability to be consumed in both fresh and processed forms, chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a fruit that is frequently used as a vegetable. Pests and plant diseases, such as bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Indonesiensis, are the causes of reduced chili productivity. Plants will eventually perish as a result of symptoms like withering of the leaf tips that eventually spread to the undersides of the leaves. The lower vascular tissue and roots of the affected chili plants appear brown. Bacterial wilt is an important disease of chili caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and can reduce yield by up to 90%. The research aimed to obtain the best solid formula consortium of Bacillus spp. for controlling R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis on chili peppers. The study consists of 2 stages: 1). Production of a consortium combination of Bacillus spp. in solid waste 2). Test the ability of the consortium of Bacillus spp. in solid waste to control bacterial wilt in chili plants. The study used a completely randomized design that consisted of 19 treatments and four replications. Each treatment was introduced on chili seeds and seedlings, while the inoculation of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis was conducted on chili aged 35 days after planting. The results showed that the best solid formula consortium of the Bacillus spp. for controlling bacterial wilt (R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis) on chili plants is the Bran + Bagasse formula for four weeks of storage.

Forecasting of brown planthopper attack or BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) using artificial intelligence and vegetation index of Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery improves forecasting the incidence of hopperburn. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and correlation of the random forest classification of Sentinel-2 imagery to the incidence of hopperburn reported by Plant Pest Organisms Observer (PPOO) and determine the best method for predicting it. The study was done through observation and secondary data processing about the age of the plant, the incidence of hopperburn by BPH, interviews with farmers, and PPOO. The results showed that the hopperburn NDVI index ranged from 0.23 - 3.8. The random forest classification accuracy was high (Kappa Index = 0.82). The relationship between the hopperburn area from the PPOO report and the predicted area from Sentinel-2 images classified as (R2 = 0.53, R = 0.728) with the equation Y = -1.5 + 0.82 X. The correlation can be improved using spatial regression Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR4) with the best gaussian distance of 1.76 km (R2 = 0.6, R = 0.77). The best prediction for the NDVI stage of hopperburn attack time series with random forest (RMSE = 0.12819) was better than the prediction of the hopperburn attack time series with the exponential smoothing method from the PPOO report (RMSE 3.302184).

Penyakit utama tanaman tomat yaitu busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Sclerotium rolfsii dapat menimbulkan kerugian mencapai 80-100%. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mendapatkan formula padat Bacillus cereus strain TLE1.1 yang efektif untuk pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian bersifat eksperimen dengan mengamati kemampuan formula padat B.cereus strain TLE1.1 dalam pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kombinasi bahan pembawa formula padat yang terdiri atas limbah padat ampas tebu, ampas tahu dan tongkol jagung, fungisida serta kontrol. Masing-masing formula padat B. cereus strain TLE1.1 diintroduksi pada benih dan bibit tomat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua formula mampu menekan penyakit busuk pangkal batang tanaman tomat. Formula terbaik dalam menurunkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman yaitu formula ampas tahu dan ampas tahu + tongkol jagung. Main disease of tomato plant, namely stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii which can cause losses up to 80-100%. The aim of the study was to obtain a solid formula of Bacillus cereus strain TLE1.1 which was effective for controlling stem rot disease in tomato plant. This research was an experimental study to know the ability of the solid formula of B. cereus strain TLE1.1 in controlling stem rot disease which was carried out in a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of a combination of solid formula carriers consisting of sugarcane solid waste, tofu dreg and corncob, fungicides and controls. Each solid formula of B. cereus strain TLE1.1 was introduced into tomato seeds and seedlings. The results showed that almost all of the formulas were able to suppress stem base disease of tomato plants. The best formula that reduced stem rot in plants were the tofu dreg and tofu dreg + corncob formula.

Some flowering plants like common zinnia (Zinnia elegans (Jacq) Kuntze), marigold (Tagetes erecta Linnaeus), and cockscomb flowers (Celosia sp.) have been used as refugia and conservation plants for predators and parasitoids but are still not yet optimal. Planting refugia plants can affect insect diversity and evenness index, affecting the stability and balance of the agroecosystem. The study aimed to determine the effect of common zinnia, cockscomb flowers, and marigold as refugia on insects’ diversity and evenness index and their potential as a medium for conservation of predators and parasitoids. The study was conducted in organic rice fields in Batang Anai Sub-district, Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra, from May to July 2020. The Insect was collected from plots covering an area of ??48 m2 and identified in the Bioecology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas. Planting common zinnia, marigolds, and cockscomb flowers increased the index of diversity and evenness of insects around rice fields. The index of diversity and evenness of insects on cockscomb flowers (H = 2.90) was higher than that of common zinnia (H = 2.61) and marigold (H = 2.63). Cockscomb flowers have more potential as a medium for conserving predators and parasitoids.

Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.

The presence of the parasitic Hymenoptera plays a vital role in pest management for sustainable agriculture. So, it is crucial to know the parasitoid species that exist in an agroecosystem. Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap are often used to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitic in agroecosystems. This study aims to see the effectiveness of Sweep Net, Yellow Pan Trap, and Malaise Trap in trapping Parasitic Hymenoptera. The study was carried out at four sub-districts, namely are Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu sub-district. The research was carried out by sampling with the transect line method. Sweep net, Yellow pan trap, and Malaise trap have trapped 5,732 individuals of Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The Parasitic Hymenoptera consists of 10 superfamilies, 30 families, and 320 morphospecies. Malaise traps are the best for trapping parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice. Malaise traps have been able to trap up to 62% of morphospecies and 81% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice. Yellow pan traps trap 28% of morphospecies and 15% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera. The sweep net can trap 10% of morphospecies and 4% of the abundance of individual Parasitic Hymenoptera. Keywords: Parasitic Hymenoptera; trap; tidal swamp rice.

Nagari Sungai Dareh Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya merupakan kawasan yang terletak di tepi Sungai Batang Hari. Sungai harus dilindungi dan dipelihara kelestariannya serta ditingkatkan fungsi dan manfaatnya guna kesehatan dan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Penanaman aren di bantaran sungai merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kelestarian sungai. Selain bermanfaat untuk konservasi, aren juga memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara: 1) Kegiatan konservasi di bantaran sungai Batang Hari, dan 2) Pengenalan tanaman aren serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam hal budidaya aren. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Jorong Sungai Kilangan Nagari Sungai Dareh Kabupaten Dharmasraya dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan demonstrasi penanaman aren di bantaran sungai. Jumlah mahasiswa yang dilibatkan adalah sebanyak lima orang. Masyarakat Nagari Sungai Dareh sangat antusias mendengarkan dan berdiskusi tentang budidaya aren dan pentingnya melakukan konservasi sungai. Kebanyakan peserta sangat tertarik dan akan langsung menanam aren pada lahan mereka masing-masing, namun masih ada beberapa yang masih akan mempelajari lebih lanjut. Sebagai bentuk harapan kami agar penanaman aren di bantaran sungai dapat sukses, maka kami memberikan bantuan ±200 bibit aren untuk masyarakat Nagari Sungai Dareh. Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui budidaya aren telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian sungai serta prospek dan tantangan budidaya tanaman aren

Kabupaten Tanah Datar merupakan daerah agraris, lebih 70% penduduknya bekerja pada sektor pertanian, baik pertanian tanaman pangan, perkebunan, perikanan, maupun peternakan. Nagari Gunung Rajo merupakan salah satu nagari di Kecamatan Batipuh dengan pertanian sebagai sektor ekonomi utama yaitu tanaman padi sawah. Masalah yang sering dihadapi petani Gunung Rajo adalah masalah hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman. Salah satu komponen utama dari program PHT adalah pengendalian hayati dengan memanfaatkan agen hayati rizobakteri indigenus. Aplikasi rizobakteri sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman karena dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Tujuan kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemanfaatan rizobakteri yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman padi dengan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu dengan pelatihan terstruktur dan praktik langsung dilapangan pengaruh rizobakteri terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi menggunakan sistem jajar legowo. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini yaitu produksi bobot gabah/rumpun tanaman yang diberi perlakuan rizobakteri lebih tinggi sebanyak 40,74 gram dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri (tanaman kontrol). Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini yaitu pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman yang di aplikasikan menggunakan rizobakteri lebih tinggi dari pada tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri. Penggunaan rizobakteri sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan air rebusan kulit jeruk yang efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. & Sacc. penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman buah naga (Hycoleceurus polyrhizus, L.) secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu petani dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman buah naga, serta mampu mempertahankan kualitas dan kuantitas dalam memproduksi buah naga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Fitopatologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah air rebusan dari beberapa kulit jenis jeruk dengan konsentrasi 5 g/100 ml, diantaranya: A = Tanpa perlakuan (kontrol); B = Kulit jeruk purut (Citrus histrix DC); C = Kulit jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis L.); D = Kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia); E = Kulit jeruk kasturi(Citrus madurensis Lour.) ; F = Pestisida berbahan aktif (tebukonazol, dengan dosis anjuran 2 g/100 ml, sebagai pembanding). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara sidik ragam (uji F) dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan (Least Significance Different) LSD pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari perlakuan beberapa kulit jeruk dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur C. gloeosporioides in vitro. Perlakuan air rebusan kulit jeruk manis adalah yang paling baik dengan efektivitas penekanan: luas koloni 76,86%, jumlah konidia 94,58%, dan daya perkecambahan konidia 38,18%. Namun efektivitasnya masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pestisida berbahan aktif tebukonazol lebih efektif 100%.

Tanaman bawang merah memiliki potensi pengembangan sangat baik. Permintaan pasar akan komoditi tanaman bawang merah cenderung meningkat berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk,. tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ialah meningkatkan produksi tanaman bawang merah ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara dengan cara yang efektif dan efisien melalui pemberian YUYAOST dan Trichoderma. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi survei pendahuluan pendekatan sosial, penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pembuatan demplot. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya kelompok tani ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara. Antusias dan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat sangat menunjang keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini. Pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi yang terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan YUYAOST. Dalam penerapan teknologi menggunakan YUYAOST dan Trichoderma sangat membantu percepatan tumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan YUYAOST sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.

The objectives of this research were to study the species diversity and to determine the dominant species of lady bird beetle predators in high land plantation ecosystem in West Sumatera. The samples were taken by hand collection and sweep net. The data of species diversity were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index, evenness of species were analyzed by Simpson index, and dominant species using important value index. The results showed that there were 91 individuals predator found which consisted of 7 species. The highest species diversity (1.74) and evenness (0.89) were found in Pulau Punjung. The lowest diversity and evennes (1,40) and (0,75) was found in Koto Besar. The highest species importance value index was 1,00, that was Menochillus sexmaculatus.

Secondary forest is primary forest that managed for forest exploitation purposes, so there are many oil palm plantations that are directly adjacent to secondary forest. Hymenopteran parasitoid is a group of the most important insect in the Hymenoptera order, because of its role as natural enemies or biological control agents against insect pests in agricultural ecosystems, including oil palm plantations. The objective of this study was to understand the diversity, species richness and abundance of Hymenopteran parasitoids in oil palm plantations which adjacent to secondary forests. The research was a survey, the purposive sampling method to determine the research location, while to determine the sample points used a systematic random sampling method. For insect collection, insect nets and yellow pan traps were used. The research was carried out in oil palm plantations located in Gunung Selasih and Siguntur Village. In each research unit there were 10 sample points with a distance of each sample point was 100 m along the transect line. The results showed that the total number of Hymenopteran parasitoids collected was 199 individuals belonging to 23 families and 94 morphospecies. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were the Hymenopteran parasitoids family which its members were found many in the present study.

Tanaman kelapa sawit cenderung menjadi tanaman primadona masyarakat di Kabupaten Dharmasraya saat sekarang. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produktivitas perkebunan sawit rakyat tersebut adalah karena teknologi produksi yang diterapkan masih relatif sederhana, mulai dari pembibitan sampai dengan panennya. Dengan penerapan teknologi budidaya yang tepat, akan berpotensi untuk peningkatan produksi kelapa sawit. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara: 1) memberikan peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat Nagari Silago mengenai teknologi produksi kelapa sawit, 2) peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengolah limbah pertanian menjadi lebih bermanfaat 3) mendorong semangat petani agar dapat lebih memaksimalkan potensi pertanian Nagari Silago. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 26-27 Oktober 2019. Jumlah mahasiswa yang dilibatkan adalah sebanyak 150 orang. Metode pelaksanaan dengan pembelajaran orang dewasa. Masyarakat Nagari Silago sangat antusias mendengarkan dan berdiskusi tentang Teknologi budidaya kelapa sawit. Masyarakat banyak bertanya dan terjadi diskusi yang baik mulai dari asal bibit dan teknik pembibitan kelapa sawit, pembukaan lahan, pemupukan, kastrasi, pengendalian hama dan penyakit pada tanaman kelapa sawit.

Biology and demographic statistics of lady beetle Coccinella transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey was studied in laboratory. Development of C. transversalis from egg to adult was 31.02±4.73 days. The egg stage lasted for 2.33±0.58 days. Larva stage has four instars, which lasted for 2.43±0.19 days (instar I); 2.53 days±0.19 (instar II); 2.64±0.04 days (instar III), and 2.77±0.21 days (instar IV). A female laid 90.44±14.38 eggs. Meanwhile, gross reproduction rate (GRR) of C. transversalis was 74.80 individuals per generation, the net reproduction rate (R0) was 18.22 individual per female per generation, the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.46 individual female per day, the mean generation time (T) 12.40 days, and the double population value (DT) was 1.51 days. Intisari Masa perkembangan pradewasa dan imago serta keperidian Coccinella transversalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) telah diteliti di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) sebagai mangsa. Masa perkembangan C. transversalis sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago adalah 31,02±4,73 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut adalah 2,43±0,19 hari; 2,53±0,19 hari; 2,64±0,04 hari, dan 2,77±0,21 hari, dengan masa pupa 3,18±0,77 hari. Umur imago betina C. transversalis lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan imago jantan yakni 15,14±1,90 dan 13,63±1,00 hari. Imago betina meletakkan telur setelah melewati masa pra oviposisi selama 2,67±0,58 hari. Masa oviposisi C. transversalis yakni 8,97±0,89 hari dengan jumlah telur yang diletakkan yakni 90,44±14,38 butir. Parameter demografi C. transversalis adalah laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) adalah 74,80 individu per generasi; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 18,22 individu per induk per generasi; laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (rm) sebesar 0,46 individu per induk per hari; masa rata-rata generasi (T) selama 12,40 hari; dan nilai pelipatgandaan populasi (DT) adalah 1,51 hari.

Coffee is an important commodity as a source of foreign exchange and regional income. Solok Selatan district the second largest coffee producer after Solok district in West Sumatra. But the potential for coffee development in Solok Selatan district has not been clearly mapped before. Therefore this study aims is to analyze the potential for coffee development and construct a roadmap for coffee development in Solok Selatan district. This study uses primary and secondary data. For the first purpose, an in-depth interviews were conducted using the purposive sampling method and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with coffee stakeholders, such as the coffee traders, farmers, agriculture counselor, the government and NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations). The data, which is a results of interviews and FGDs are grouped into internal and external factors and then analyzed using the SWOT (Strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats) analysis to answer the second goal. The analysis results show that the Solok selatan district coffee commodity has potential to be developed because it have a unique flavor of lemon and casiavera. It is necessary to do several stages to develop of Solok Selatan coffee, namely product diversifications, build a coffee center outlets, and design an attractive coffee tourism areas. Thus, the existing potential is expected to develop optimally and Solok Selatan district can be known as one of the “coffee village” in West Sumatra.

Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failure of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid on some vegetables and rice ecosystem in West Sumatera. Hymenoptera parasitoids were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, and indices of diversity were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 1522 specimen consist of 22 families and 148 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid on agricultural ecosystem in west Sumatera. Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant Hymenoptera parasitoid family in vegetables ecosystem. Contrast, Mymaridae, Diapriidae, and Eulophidae were dominance of Hymenoptera parasitoid famili in rice ecosystem. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid was influenced by the landscape structure. Species richness and diversity were higher in polyculture ecosystem than monoculture.

Hymenoptera Parasitoid Community Structure on Non-crops Vegetation Around Rice fields in Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Hymenoptera parasitoids have an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult Hymenoptera parasitoids require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wild flowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study Hymenoptera parasitoid communities in non-crop vegetation around rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Samplings were conducted at three different landscape, i.e. Nyalindung, Gasol and Selajambe West Java. Insects were sampled by two trapping techniques (farmcop and sweep net) in two lines of transect for each landscape. A total of 257 species from 25 families of Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected in non-crop vegetation at Cianjur Watershed. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoid in non-crop vegetation.

Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect order (the other three are Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera). There are curerently over 115 000 described Hymenoptera species. It is clear that Hymenoptera is one of the major components of insect biodiversity. However, Hymenoptera biodiversity is affected by ecology, environment, and ecosystem management. In an agricultural areas, the spatial structure, habitat diversity, and habitat composition may vary from cleared landscapes to structurally rich landscape. Thus, it is very likely that such large-scale spatial patterns (landscape effects) may influence local biodiversity and ecological functions. Therefore, the objective of this research were to study diversity and configuration elements of agricultural landscapes at Cianjur Watershed with geographical information sytems (GIS) and its influence on Hymenoptera biodiversity. The structural differences between agricultural landscapes of Nyalindung, Gasol, and Selajambe were characterized by patch analyst with ArcView 3.2 of digital land use data. Results indicated that class of land uses of Cianjur Watershed landscape were housing, mixed gardens, talun and rice, vegetable, and corn fields. Landscape structure influenced the biodiversity of Hymenoptera. Species richness and the species diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape compare to Gasol and Selajambe landscape.

Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect order (the other three are Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera). There are curerently over 115 000 described Hymenoptera species. It is clear that Hymenoptera is one of the major components of insect biodiversity. However, Hymenoptera biodiversity is affected by ecology, environment, and ecosystem management. In an agricultural areas, the spatial structure, habitat diversity, and habitat composition may vary from cleared landscapes to structurally rich landscape. Thus, it is very likely that such large-scale spatial patterns (landscape effects) may influence local biodiversity and ecological functions. Therefore, the objective of this research were to study diversity and configuration elements of agricultural landscapes at Cianjur Watershed with geographical information sytems (GIS) and its influence on Hymenoptera biodiversity. The structural differences between agricultural landscapes of Nyalindung, Gasol, and Selajambe were characterized by patch analyst with ArcView 3.2 of digital land use data. Results indicated that class of land uses of Cianjur Watershed landscape were housing, mixed gardens, talun and rice, vegetable, and corn fields. Landscape structure influenced the biodiversity of Hymenoptera. Species richness and the species diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape compare to Gasol and Selajambe landscape.

Stingless bees, of the tribe Meliponini, subfamily Meliponinae and family Apidae, have been renowned as honey-producing bees and pollinators. An inventory survey on stingless bees was conducted at Universitas Andalas campus complex (UACC) between 2019-2022 with the aim of documenting their morphological characteristics and nesting behavior that are important for developing meliponiculture. It used direct observation and specimen collection at nest entrances, along with plant species identification from around the nests. A total of nine (37 % of stingless bee species known in Sumatra), of four genera, were recorded at different nesting spots within UACC. Five species were under genus Tetragonula, two of genus Lepidotrigona, and one each for genera Tetrigona and Heterotrigona. Tetragonula fuscobalteata was the smallest species found in this study, reaching 3.2 mm body length and less than 3.5 mm wing length. On the other hand, Tetrigona apicalis was the biggest species, measuring 7 mm body length and more than 7.2 mm wing length. Tetragonula consists of members with small bodies and inhabit either anthropogenic areas or natural habitats such as tree hollows, fences, wall crevices or other forms of cavity. Thirty-one plant families were recorded as potential resources around the stingless bee colonies. These families are dominated by Fabacease, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae. There might be differences in capacity to provide nectar, pollen, resin or gum among plant families; however, the diversity of plant species in the community should be complementary in providing resources for stingless bee colony. The nine stingless bee species recorded in this study possess an array of potential for meliponiculture and aesthetic purposes. Anthropogenic-tolerant species can be possibly reared and aesthetically integrated with decorative aspects of human settlement. The knowledge on existing stingless bee species, along with their biological aspects become crucial in initiating meliponiculture system within the University boundaries, with possible venture can be extended into ecotourism where people come and enjoy the beekeeping within this scenic University environment. Key words: Stingless bees, Taxonomy, Morphological, Meliponiculture, Pollinator, Ecotourism, Campus, INTRODUCTION Stingless bees constitute the group of honey-producing bee belonging to the tribe Meliponini, subfamily Meliponinae, family Apidae [1]. This kind of bee is widely distributed across the tropics and [...]

Bacterial leaf blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, poses a substantial risk to shallot crops. Actinobacteria are promising candidates for biological control because of their ability to generate bioactive compounds. This research aimed to identify the most effective Actinobacteria isolates for managing bacterial leaf blight and boosting the growth and yield of shallot plants. The study was conducted in three phases: 1.) Isolation and characterization of Actinobacteria and X. axonopodis pv. allii, 2.) Selection of Actinobacteria to control X. axonopodis pv. allii and boost shallot plant growth with 21 treatments and three replications, and 3.) Molecular identification and testing of selected Actinobacteria for controlling X. axonopodis pv. allii. This research was carried out in the microbiology laboratory and experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at Andalas University in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The study identified several indigenous Actinobacteria isolates (AT2aP7Y, AS3aA7Y, AA2aP7Y, AS1aP6Y, and AS1aP7Y) with high phosphate solubilizing indices, strong antagonistic activity, and significant abilities in nitrogen fixation and phytohormone (IAA) production. These isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. and Micromonospora shersina R-Ac134 through 16sRNA sequencing. They demonstrated potential for effectively controlling bacterial leaf blight and enhancing the growth and yield of shallot plants. In conclusion, the indigenous Actinobacteria isolates from the regions of Solok, Tanah Datar, and Agam in West Sumatra show promise as biological control agents against bacterial leaf blight in shallot plants, while also promoting plant growth and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]